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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第3期19卷 224-230页

作者： Ya-Mei Dou Hang Yuan Hou-Wen Tian NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention155 Changbai RoadChangPing DistrictBeijing 102206China

Background The objective of this paper is to analyze the current status of monkeypox worldwide.In the face of this public health threat,our purpose is to elucidate the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of monkeypox,the developmental progress of monkeypox-related drugs and the vaccines available.Data sources The literature review was performed in databases including PubMed,Science Direct and Google Scholar up to July 2022.Results Since May 2022,the World Health Organization has reported more than 45,000 confirmed cases from 92 nonendemic countries,including nine deaths.Although some women and children have been infected so far,most cases have occurred among men who have sex with other men,especially those with multiple sexual partners or anonymous sex.Conclusions Pediatric monkeypox infection has been associated with a higher likelihood of severe illness and mortality than in adults.Severe monkeypox illness in pediatrics often requires adjunctive antiviral therapy.It is crucial for all countries to establish sound monitoring and testing systems and be prepared with emergency preparedness.

关键词： Monkeypox Orthopoxvirus smallpox Zoonotic

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Monkeypox:A comprehensive review of a multifaceted virus

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Infectious Medicine 2023年第2期2卷 74-88页

作者： Randa Elsheikh Abdelrahman M.Makram Tamilarasy Vasanthakumaran Shubham Tomar Khizer Shamim Nguyen Dong Tranh Sara S.Elsheikh Nguyen Thanh Van Nguyen Tien Huy Deanery of Biomedical Sciences at Edinburgh Medical School University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH105HFUnited Kingdom Online Research Club(http://***) Nagasaki 852-8523Japan School of Public Health Imperial College LondonLondon SW72BXUnited Kingdom Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Tata Memorial Hospital Varanasi 400012India DataQ Health Karachi 75100Pakistan Department of Infection Control Binh Dinh Provincial General HospitalBinh Dinh 55000Vietnam Faculty of Medicine Zagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Egypt School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki 852-8523Japan

In May 2022,the world witnessed the re-emergence of the zoonotic disease monkeypox.While this was not the first epidemic of this disease,what differentiated the outbreak was the rapid global spread and increase of cases,which led the WHO to declare monkeypox a global health emergency.Although the disease spreads mainly through inadequately cooked meat of various rodent species,this virus also shows droplet,respiratory,sexual,and even vertical transmission.Monkeypox further multiplies in lymphoproliferative organs and presents with a classical smallpox-like rash,fever,headache,and muscle aches.Diagnosis is confirmed with a polymerase-chain-reaction test and is managed largely supportively with possible usage of some antivirals and immunoglobulins.Moreover,some pre-exposure and postexposure prophylactic vaccines have been developed.This paper aims to conduct an in-depth review of the historical epidemics,transmission,pathophysiology,clinical presentation,and management of the monkeypox disease.

关键词： Monkeypox Orthopoxvirus Outbreak smallpox

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Socio-ecological dynamics and challenges to the governance of Neglected Tropical Disease control

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 302-314页

作者： Edwin Michael Shirin Madon Eck Institute for Global Health Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameUSA Department of International Development London School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonUK Department of Management London School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonUK

The current global attempts to control the so-called“Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs)”have the potential to significantly reduce the morbidity suffered by some of the world’s poorest communities.However,the governance of these control programmes is driven by a managerial rationality that assumes predictability of proposed interventions,and which thus primarily seeks to improve the cost-effectiveness of implementation by measuring performance in terms of pre-determined outputs.Here,we argue that this approach has reinforced the narrow normal-science model for controlling parasitic diseases,and in doing so fails to address the complex dynamics,uncertainty and socio-ecological context-specificity that invariably underlie parasite transmission.We suggest that a new governance approach is required that draws on a combination of non-equilibrium thinking about the operation of complex,adaptive,systems from the natural sciences and constructivist social science perspectives that view the accumulation of scientific knowledge as contingent on historical interests and norms,if more effective control approaches sufficiently sensitive to local disease contexts are to be devised,applied and managed.At the core of this approach is an emphasis on the need for a process that assists with the inclusion of diverse perspectives,social learning and deliberation,and a reflexive approach to addressing system complexity and incertitude,while balancing this flexibility with stability-focused structures.We derive and discuss a possible governance framework and outline an organizational structure that could be used to effectively deal with the complexity of accomplishing global NTD control.We also point to examples of complexity-based management structures that have been used in parasite control previously,which could serve as practical templates for developing similar governance structures to better manage global NTD control.Our results hold important wider implications for global health policy aiming to effectively control and eradicate

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Lymphatic filariasis Schistosomiasis Malaria smallpox Socio-ecological dynamics Complex dynamical systems Normal science paradigm Organizational theory Complexity-based governance

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Monkeypox in humans:Transmission,pathophysiology,diagnosis,treatment,prevention,and all recent updates

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World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 31-36页

作者： Taral Parikh Ashish Goti Kanica Yashi Nilesh Dankhara Sandhya Kadam Ramesh Dihora Kapil Paiwal Narendrasinh Parmar Department of Pediatrics Hamilton Health CenterHarrisburgPA 17104United States Department of Pediatric Tulane Medical CenterNew OrleansLA 70112United States Adult Medicine Bassett Medical CenterCooperstownNY 13326United States Department of Pediatric and Neonatology University of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS 39216United States Department of Pediatric Family Healthcare NetworkVisaliaCA 93277United States Department of Pediatric Nice Children HospitalSurat 395003India Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon Daswani Dental College and Research CenterKota 324005India Department of Pediatrics Brookdale University Hospital Medical CenterBrooklynNY 11212United States

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)is monitoring an epidemic of monkeypox infection in the United States.The outbreak is now global and more than 6900 cases have already been reported.There are 83 confirmed cases among children and adolescents,as shown in the report published on November 3,2022,in the USA.However,monkeypox in pediatric patients is still infrequent(<0.3%of total cases).Among cases in the United States,16 cases were in children<5 years,12 in the age group 5-12 years,and 55 cases in adolescents 13-17 years old.In the adolescent age group,89%were male.For children<12 years of age,close physical contact with an adult household with monkeypox was the primary exposure,but for adolescents,male-to-male sexual contact was found more frequently.The CDC advised United States healthcare providers to remain vigilant for patients with a rash resembling monkeypox,even if there is no history of travel to a country with high risk.This article summarizes the history and epidemiology of monkeypox with a specific emphasis on clinical features and management in pediatric patients.

关键词： Pediatric monkeypox smallpox Monkeypox case definition JYNNEOS vaccine ACAM2000

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