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Exploring influence of MgO/CaO on crystallization characteristics to understand fluidity of synthetic coal slags

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第1期53卷 1-13页

作者： Meng Li Jianliang Xu Huixia Xiao Xia Liu Guangsuo Yu Xueli Chen Institute of Clean Coal Technology East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

The crystallization has significant influence on fluidity of slag and slag discharge of entrained-flow-bed(EFB) gasifier. The crystallization characteristics and fluidity of five synthetic slags with different MgO/CaO ratios prepared on the basis of the range of oxide contents of Zhundong coal ash were investigated in this study. The results show that with the MgO/CaO ratio increase, the initial crystallization temperature increases, and the main temperature range of crystallization ratio growth moves to higher temperature range gradually which causes Tp25(Tp25is the temperature corresponding to the viscosity of 25 Pa·s)to increase. Mg-rich crystals are formed preferentially than Ca-rich crystals when adding the same amount of MgO and CaO during cooling. The effective slagging operating temperature range decrease from 217 ℃ for the slag with a 0:4 MgO/CaO ratio to 44 ℃ for the slag with a 4:0 MgO/CaO ratio with the MgO/CaO ratio increase. The slags with 2:2 and 1:3 MgO/CaO ratios show similar effective slagging operating temperature range, Tp25and the temperature corresponding to the viscosity of 2 Pa·s.However, compared with the slag with a 1:3 MgO/CaO ratio, the crystallization ratio and rate of slag with a 2:2 MgO/CaO ratio are lower within lower temperature range(1300–1200 ℃), causing its lower critical viscosity temperature and wider actual operating temperature range. Of the five slags, the widest effective slagging operating temperature range and the lowest Tp25of the slag with a 0:4 MgO/CaO ratio due to its low crystallization ratio, and wider actual operating temperature range of the slag with a 2:2 MgO/CaO ratio make the two slags suitable for slag discharge of EFB gasifier.

关键词： Crystallization characteristics Fluidity slags MgO/CaO

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Influence of alumina on mineralogy and environmental properties of zinc-copper smelting slags

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第3期20卷 234-245页

作者： Sina Mostaghel Caisa Samuelsson Bo Bjrkman Minerals and Metals Research Laboratory Lule University of Technology

An iron-silicate slag, from a zinc-copper smelting process, and mixtures of this slag with 5wt%, 10wt%, and 15wt% alumina addition were re-melted, semi-rapidly solidified, and characterized using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The FactSageWM6.2 thermodynamic package was applied to compare the stable phases at equilibrium conditions with experimental characterization. A standard European leaching test was also carried out for all samples to investigate the changes in leaching behaviour because of the addition of alumina. Results show that the commonly reported phases for slags from copper and zinc production processes （olivine, pyroxene, and spinel） are the major constituents of the current samples. A correlation can be seen between mineralogical characteristics and leaching behaviours. The sample with 10wt% alumina addition, which contains high amounts of spinels and lower amounts of the other soluble phases, shows the lowest leachabilities for most of the elements.

关键词： slags characterization mineralogy alumina leaching solidification

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Phosphate enrichment mechanism in CaO–SiO_2–FeO–Fe_2O_3–P_2O_5 steelmaking slags with lower binary basicity

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第5期23卷 520-533页

作者： Jin-yan Li Mei Zhang Min Guo Xue-min Yang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

The addition of silica to steelmaking slags to decrease the binary basicity can promote phosphate enrichment in quenched slag samples. In this study, we experimentally investigated phosphate enrichment behavior in CaO-SiO2-FeO-Fe203-P205 slags with a P205 content of 5.00% and the binary basicity B ranging from 1.0 to 2.0, where the （%Fe/O）/（%CaO） mass percentage ratio was maintained at 0.955. The experimental results are explained by the defined enrichment degree c, of solid solution 2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P205 （C2S-C3P）, where R_C2S-C3P is a component of the developed ion and molecule coexistence theory （IMCT）-Ni model for calculating the mass action concentrations Ni of structural units in the slags on the basis of the IMCT. The asymmetrically inverse V-shaped relation be- tween phosphate enrichment and binary basicity B was observed to be correlated in the slags under applied two-stage cooling conditions. The maximum content of PROs in the C2S-C3P solid solution reached approximately 30.0% when the binary basicity B was controlled at 1.3.

关键词： phosphates enrichment mechanisms steelmaking slags basicity

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A model for estimating the viscosity of blast furnace slags with optical basicity

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第12期19卷 1088-1092页

作者： Xiao-jun Hu Zhong-shan Ren Guo-hua Zhang Li-jun Wang Kuo-chih Chou State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Sciance and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Viscosity is an important physical property of blast furnace slags and has a great influence on blast furnace operations. Because of time consumption and difficulties encountered during high temperature experimental measurement, viscosity data are also limited, so a reasonable and accurate estimation model is required to provide the data for controlling and optimizing the blast furnace process. In the present study a viscosity model was proposed for blast furnace slags. In the model the activation energy was calculated by the optical basicity corrected for cations required for the charge compensation of AlO 4 5− , and the temperature dependence was described by the Weymann-Frenkel equation. The estimated viscosity values of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2, CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO, and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO-TiO2 systems fit well with experiment data, with the mean deviation less than 25%.

关键词： blast furnace slags viscosity optical basicity charge compensation activation energy

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Top slag refining for inclusion composition transform control in tire cord steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第6期19卷 490-498页

作者： Shu-hao Chen Min Jiang Xiao-fei He Xin-hua Wang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

Controlling conditions for inclusion plasticization were calculated by FactSage, and the steel/slag reaction equilibration time was determined by pre-equilibrium experiments. Laboratory experiments with different top slags were carried out in 90 rain, and industrial tests were performed based on the results of calculation and laboratory experiments. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy-dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） were used to determine the morphology and composition of inclusions in tire cord steel. It is found that the shape of in- clusions can be controlled well, and the composition of inclusions varies in the industrial test as the following transformation route： MnO-A1EOa-SiO2→CaO-AIEOa-SiO2→MnO-A1203-SiO2. Inclusion plasticization can be achieved by controlling the binary basicity of top slag （CaO/SiO2 by mass） around 1.0 and the （A1203） content in top slag below 10wt%. Under these controlling conditions in the industrial test, almost all of inclusions in the wire rods achieve plastic deformation.

关键词： tire cords ladle metallurgy inclusions plasticity slags refining

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A novel process for the recovery of iron,titanium,and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite:sodium modification–direct reduction coupled process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第5期24卷 504-511页

作者： Yi-min Zhang Ling-yun Yi Li-na Wang De-sheng Chen Wei-jing Wang Ya-hui Liu Hong-xin Zhao Tao Qi University of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences

A sodium modification–direct reduction coupled process was proposed for the simultaneous extraction of V and Fe from vanadium- bearing titanomagnetite. The sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate and the transformation of iron oxides to metallic iron were accomplished in a single-step high-temperature process. The increase in roasting temperature favors the reduction of iron oxides but disfavors the oxidation of vanadium oxides. The recoveries of vanadium, iron, and titanium reached 84.52%, 89.37%, and 95.59%, respectively. Moreover, the acid decomposition efficiency of titanium slag reached 96.45%. Compared with traditional processes, the novel process provides several advantages, including a shorter flow, a lower energy consumption, and a higher utilization efficiency of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite resources. ? 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Energy utilization Iron Leaching Magnetic separation Metal recovery Metallic compounds Oxides slags Sodium Titanium Vanadium

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Effects of sintering atmosphere on the physical and mechanical properties of modified BOF slag glass

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第5期21卷 494-502页

作者： Wen-bin Dai Yu Li Da-qiang Cang Yuan-yuan Zhou Yong Fan State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University

This study proposes an efficient way to utilize all the chemical components of the basic oxygen fttrnace （BOF） slag to prepare high value-added glass-ceramics. A molten modified BOF slag was converted from the melting BOF slag by reducing it and separating out iron component in it, and the modified BOF slag was then quenched in water to form glasses with different basicities. The glasses were subsequently sintered in the temperature range of 600-1000℃ in air or nitrogen atmosphere for 1 h. The effects of different atmospheres on the physical and mechanical properties of sintered samples were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and by conducting experiment on evaluating the sintering shrinkage, water absorption and bulk density. It is found that the kinetics of the sintering process is significantly affected by sintering atmosphere. In particular, compared with sintering in air atmosphere, sintering in N2 atmosphere promotes the synergistic growth of pyroxene and melilite crystalline phases, which can contribute to better mechanical properties and denser microstructure.

关键词： glass ceramics slags sintering iron oxides physical properties mechanical properties

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Dissolution and diffusion of TiO_2 in the CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 slag

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第4期21卷 345-352页

作者： Zhong-shan Ren Xiao-jun Hu Xin-mei Hou Xiang-xin Xue Kuo-chih Chou State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Materials and Metallurgy Northeastern University

The dissolution of TiO2 in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag under static conditions was studied in the temperature range from 1643 K to 1703 K. After TiO2 dissolved, the microstructure of the interface between TiO2 and the slag was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the concentration profiles of Ti4＋and other ions across the TiO2/slag interfaces were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. On the basis of these results, the dissolution behavior of TiO2 was evaluated, and the diffusivity of Ti4＋in the bulk slag was estimated. Ac-cording to the Stokes-Einstein relation, the viscosity calculated by a previously reported model gave a diffusivity of Ti4＋ions greater than that estimated by the concentration profiles of Ti4＋ions. The mechanism of TiO2 dissolution in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag is discussed in de-tail.

关键词： slags titanium dioxide dissolution diffusion interface

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Reactive wetting phenomena of MgO-C refractories in contact with CaO-SiO_2 slag

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2012年第S3期22卷 870-875页

作者： Seon-Hwa HEO Kyuyong LEE Yongsug CHUNG Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Korea Polytechnic University Department of Consilience Korea Polytechnic UniversitySiheung-City

Wetting phenomena between MgO C and CaO SiO2 slags were investigated by varying carbon content.A sessile drop technique was adopted to study the wetting phenomena in conjunction with a high speed camera for the observation of intrinsic wetting phenomena.The results show that the high content of SiO2 and the presence of Al2O3 in slags enhance the diffusion of Mg2+,leading to the promotion of reactive wetting.The carbon in MgO C refractory impedes the penetration of slags by repelling the slag and slowing the diffusion of Mg2+.This accounts for the non-wetting behavior of the slag on MgO C refractory with 17% (mass fraction) carbon similar to that of graphite.

关键词： MgO-C refractory molten slags wetting penetration

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Effects of basicity and MgO content on the viscosity of the SiO_2-CaO-MgO-9wt%Al_2O_3 slag system

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第4期21卷 353-362页

作者： Yun-ming Gao Shao-bo Wang Chuan Hong Xiu-juan Ma Fu Yang Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of the Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and Technology

The effects of basicity and MgO content on the viscosity of SiO2-CaO-MgO-9wt%Al2O3 slags with basicity from 0.4 to 1.0 and MgO content from 13wt%to 19wt%were investigated using the rotating cylinder method. A correlation between the viscosity and the slag structure was determined by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy. It is indicated that the complex network structure of the slag melt is depolymerized into simpler network units with increasing basicity or MgO content, resulting in a continuous decrease in viscosity of the slag. The viscosity is strongly dependent on the combined action of basic oxide components in the slag. Under the present experimental conditions, increasing the basicity is found to be more effective than increasing the MgO content in decreasing the viscosity of the slag. At higher temperatures, the increase of basicity or MgO content does not appreciably decrease the viscosity of the slag, as it does at lower tem-peratures. The calculated activation energy of viscous flow is between 154 and 200 kJ＆#183;mol-1, which decreases with an increase in basicity from 0.4 to 1.0 at a fixed MgO content in the range of 13wt%to 19wt%.

关键词： slags viscosity basicity magnesia activation energy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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