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Peace Theories & Quest for Peace: A Cross-cultural Perspective

International Relations and Diplomacy 2020年第10期8卷 419-425页

作者： James C.Hsiung New York University(NYU) New YorkUSA

Out of the plethora of peace theories,two stand out in particular:(a)the Kantian democratic theory of peace,which argues that peace depends on a league of democracies,and(b)the liberal economic theory of peace,that a free,open world market conduces to *** this essay,concrete examples are cited that would raise doubt on the validity of these *** then proceeds to examine whether culture would make a difference on the incidence of *** this light,the Westphalian system of states is compared with the historical Chinese“tribute system”qua an inherent system of international *** distinct difference is found in the much lower incidence of wars in the latter system,as David Kang’s study identified that in 5 centuries(1368-1841)the Chinese tribute system had only two interstate wars within its circle of members,not counting the wars initiated by external,ex-regional Western ***,the religious wars that plagued the West were never found in the Chinese tribute *** search of an answer to this almost incredible record of low incidence of war,this essay finds that the Confucian culture,with its emphasis on harmony and harmonization of opposites,in contradistinction to the teachings on conflict in Abrahamic cultures,seems to hold the key to an *** so,culture,rather than institutions(such as democracies,open world market,etc.)deserves to be seriously considered as a relevant factor contributing to *** importantly,culture as such can be taught and disseminated,including through the classroom.

关键词： Democratic Peace long peace Liberal Economic Theory of Peace clash v.harmonization civilizations cultures geoeconomics Westphalia system sinitictribute system

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