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Two Modes of the silk road pattern and Their Interannual Variability Simulated by LASG/IAP AGCM SAMIL2.0

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第3期30卷 908-921页

作者：宋丰飞周天军王璐 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences National Satellite Meteorological Center

In this study, two modes of the silk road pattern were investigated using NCEP2 reanalysis data and the simulation produced by Spectral Atmospheric Circulation Model of IAP LASG, Version 2 （SAMIL2.0） that was forced by SST observation data. The horizontal distribution of both modes were reasonably reproduced by the simulation, with a pattern correlation coefficient of 0.63 for the first mode and 0.62 for the second mode. The wave train was maintained by barotropic energy conversion （denoted as CK） and baroclinic energy conversion （denoted as CP） from the mean flow. The distribution of CK was dominated by its meridional component （CKy） in both modes. When integrated spatially, CKx was more efficient than its zonal component （CKx） in the first mode but less in the second mode. The distribution and efficiency of CK were not captured well by SAMIL2.0. However, the model performed reasonably well at reproducing the distribution and efficiency of CP in both modes. Because CP is more efficient than CK, the spatial patterns of the silk road pattern were well reproduced. Interestingly, the temporal phase of the second mode was well captured by a single-member simulation. However, further analysis of other ensemble runs demonstrated that the successful reproduction of the temporal phase was a result of internal variability rather than a signal of SST forcing. The analysis shows that the observed temporal variations of both CP and CK were poorly reproduced, leading to the low accuracy of the temporal phase of the silk road pattern in the simulation.

关键词： silk road pattern barotropic energy conversion baroclinic energy conversion SST

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Asymmetric Relationship between the Meridional Displacement of the Asian Westerly Jet and the silk road pattern

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第4期35卷 389-396页

作者： Xiaowei HONG Riyu LU Shuanglin LI Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of Atmospheric Science School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

In previous work, a significant relationship was identified between the meridional displacement of the Asian westerly jet （JMD） and the silk road pattern （SRP） in summer. The present study reveals that this relationship is robust in northward JMD years but absent in southward JMD years. In other words, the amplitude of the SRP increases with northward displacement of the jet but shows little change with southward displacement. Further analysis indicates that, in northward JMD years, the Rossby wave source （RWS） anomalies, which are primarily contributed by the planetary vortex stretching, are significantly stronger around the entrance of the Asian jet, i.e., the Mediterranean Sea-Caspian Sea area, with the spatial distribution being consistent with that related to the SRP. By contrast, in southward JMD years, the RWS anomalies are much weaker. Therefore, this study suggests that the RWS plays a crucial role in inducing the asymmetry of the JMD-SRP relationship. The results imply that climate anomalies may be stronger in strongly northward-displaced JMD years due to the concurrence of the JMD and SRP, and thus more attention should be paid to these years.

关键词： Asian westerly jet meridional displacement silk road pattern asymmetric relation Rossby wave source

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Comparison between the interannual and decadal components of the silk road pattern

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2018年第3期11卷 270-274页

作者： HONG Xiao-Wei XUE Shu-Hang LU Ri-Yu LIU Yu-Yun Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The silk road pattern（SRP）, which is a teleconnection pattern along the Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet in summer, exhibits both interannual and decadal variabilities. Through the nineyear Gaussian filtering method and regression analyses, this study compares the interannual and decadal components of the SRP. The results indicate that the interannual SRP corresponds to a well-organized wave train of alternate cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies across the Eurasian continent along the Asian westerly jet, resulting in a similar wave-like pattern of cold and warm surface temperature anomalies. This pattern of temperature anomalies differs from that associated with the original SRP, which is characterized by warmer or cooler temperatures mainly over Europe–West Asia and Northeast Asia, depending on the phase of the SRP. On the other hand, the decadal SRP shows a similar pattern to the interannual one from Europe to Central Asia, but the meridional wind anomalies tend to be weak over East Asia. These circulation anomalies are responsible for the significant temperature anomalies over Europe–West Asia and Northeast Asia but weak anomalies between these two domains.

关键词： silk road pattern interannual variability decadal variation temperature

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Precipitation anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau affected by tropical sea-surface temperatures and mid-latitude atmospheric circulation in September

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第3期66卷 619-632页

作者： Ping ZHANG Anmin DUAN State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

Tibetan Plateau(TP)precipitation is affected by anomalous circulation systems in both the tropics and mid-latitudes,due to the TP’s unique geographical *** using observational,reanalysis,and CMIP6 model datasets,this study reveals the individual and joint effects of the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)and silk road pattern(SRP)on the interannual variability of TP precipitation in *** the positive IOD phase,the zonal gradient of the sea-surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)drives a Gill-type response with an anticyclonic anomaly over the Indian subcontinent and Bay of *** the north,anomalous westerlies induce a shallow trough,and the associated anomalous southwesterlies transport moisture to the southeastern TP,resulting in surplus precipitation ***,the westerly jet disturbances over the North Atlantic excite an SRP-like pattern,resulting in a baroclinic structure in northern India with the upper(lower)tropospheric anomalous anticyclone(cyclone)over west-central Asia(northern India).The anomalous southwesterlies to the east of the low-level cyclone transport abundant moisture to the southeastern TP,which results in increased precipitation *** joint effects of IOD and SRP can explain nearly 52%of the TP precipitation anomaly,exceeding the contribution of IOD(19%)and SRP(27%)*** results highlight the necessity of considering the joint effects of drivers in the tropics and mid-latitudes,providing a basis for more accurate simulations and predictions of TP precipitation.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau precipitation Interannual variability Indian Ocean Dipole silk road pattern

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The Concurrent Record-breaking Rainfall over Northwest India and North China in September 2021

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第4期40卷 653-662页

作者： Ying NA Riyu LU Beijing Municipal Climate Center Beijing 100089China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Extremely heavy rainfall occurred over both Northwest India and North China in September *** precipitation anomalies were 4.1 and 6.2 times interannual standard deviation over the two regions,respectively,and broke the record since the observational data were available,i.e.,1901 for India and 1951 for *** this month,the Asian uppertropospheric westerly jet was greatly displaced poleward over West Asia,and correspondingly,an anomalous cyclone appeared over *** anomalous cyclone transported abundant water vapor into Northwest India,leading to the heavy rainfall *** addition,the silk road pattern,a teleconnection pattern of upper-level meridional wind over the Eurasian continent and fueled by the heavy rainfall in Northwest India,contributed to the heavy rainfall in North *** study emphasizes the roles of atmospheric teleconnection patterns in concurrent rainfall extremes in the two regions far away from each other,and the occurrence of rainfall extremes during the post-or pre-monsoon period in the northern margins of monsoon regions.

关键词： extreme precipitation Northwest India North China westerly jet silk road pattern

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Why Was the Strengthening of Rainfall in Summer over the Yangtze River Valley in 2016 Less Pronounced than that in 1998 under Similar Preceding El Nino Events？Role of Midlatitude Circulation in August

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第11期34卷 1290-1300页

作者： chaofan li wei chen xiaowei hong riyu lu center for monsoon system research institute of atmospheric physicschinese academy of sciencesBeijing 100029China state key laboratory of numerical modelling for atmospheric sciences and geophysical fluid dynamics institute of atmospheric physicschinese academy of sciencesBeijing 100029China climate change research center chinese academy of sciencesBeijing 100029China

It is widely recognized that rainfall over the Yangtze River valley （YRV） strengthens considerably during the decaying summer of E1 Nifio, as demonstrated by the catastrophic flooding suffered in the summer of 1998. Nevertheless, the rainfall over the YRV in the summer of 2016 was much weaker than that in 1998, despite the intensity of the 2016 E1 Nifio having been as strong as that in 1998. A thorough comparison of the YRV summer rainfall anomaly between 2016 and 1998 suggests that the difference was caused by the sub-seasonal variation in the YRV rainfall anomaly between these two years, principally in August. The precipitation anomaly was negative in August 2016--different to the positive anomaly of 1998.

关键词： Yangtze River valley summer rainfall super El Nio sub-seasonal variation silk road pattern

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Teleconnection between Sea Ice in the Barents Sea in June and the silk road,Pacific–Japan and East Asian Rainfall patterns in August

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 52-64页

作者： Shengping HE Yongqi GAO Tore FUREVIK Huijun WANG Fei LI Geophysical Institute University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergen 5007Norway Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center Bergen 5006Norway Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China NILU--Norwegian Institute for Air Research Kjeller 2007Norway

In contrast to previous studies that have tended to focus on the influence of the total Arctic sea-ice cover on the East Asian summer tripole rainfall pattern, the present study identifies the Barents Sea as the key region where the June sea-ice variability exerts the most significant impacts on the East Asian August tripole rainfall pattern, and explores the teleconnection mechanisms involved. The results reveal that a reduction in June sea ice excites anomalous upward air motion due to strong near-surface thermal forcing, which further triggers a meridional overturning wave-like pattern extending to *** downward motion therefore forms over the Caspian Sea, which in turn induces zonally oriented overturning circulation along the subtropical jet stream, exhibiting the east–west Rossby wave train known as the silk road pattern. It is suggested that the Bonin high, a subtropical anticyclone predominant near South Korea, shows a significant anomaly due to the eastward extension of the silk road pattern to East Asia. As a possible descending branch of the Hadley cell, the Bonin high anomaly ultimately triggers a meridional overturning, establishing the Pacific–Japan pattern. This in turn induces an anomalous anticyclone and cyclone pair over East Asia, and a tripole vertical convection anomaly meridionally oriented over East Asia. Consequently, a tripole rainfall anomaly pattern is observed over East Asia. Results from numerical experiments using version 5 of the Community Atmosphere Model support the interpretation of this chain of events.

关键词： sea-ice reduction tripole rainfall silk road pattern Pacific–Japan pattern teleconnection

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Upper-and Lower-tropospheric Circulation Anomalies Associated with Interannual Variation of Pakistan Rainfall during Summer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第11期37卷 1179-1190页

作者： Riyu LU Saadia HINA Xiaowei HONG LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster(KLME) Ministry of Education&Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Climate Change Research Center(CCRC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This study investigated the large-scale circulation anomalies,in both the upper and lower troposphere,associated with the interannual variation of rainfall in Pakistan during summer,using the station observation data in this country and circulation data of the NCEP−NCAR reanalysis from 1981 to *** showed that the upper-and lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies associated with monthly rainfall variability exhibit similar features from June to August,so analyses were performed on June−August circulation and Pakistan rainfall *** analyzed results indicated that summer rainfall in Pakistan is enhanced when there is an anticyclonic anomaly to the northwest of Pakistan in the upper troposphere and easterly anomalies along the southern foothills of the Himalayas in the lower troposphere,and vice *** upper-and lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies were found to be related,but show unique *** upper-tropospheric anticyclonic anomaly is closely related to the silk road pattern along the Asian westerly jet,while the lower-tropospheric easterly anomalies are related to the cyclonic anomaly to the south of Pakistan,i.e.,intensified South Asian monsoon *** results presented here suggest that the interannual variability of summer rainfall in Pakistan is a combined result of upper-and lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies,and of extratropical and tropical circulation anomalies.

关键词： rainfall Pakistan interannual variability silk road pattern monsoon trough

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Interdecadal Variability of Summer Precipitation in Northwest China and Associated Atmospheric Circulation Changes

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2022年第6期36卷 824-840页

作者： Tong XUE Yihui DING Chunhui LU Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 CMA Climate Studies Key Laboratory China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081 National Climate Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 CMATraining Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Daily precipitation data from 149 rain gauge stations in China and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data during 1961-2018are used to investigate the interdecadal variability of summer precipitation in Northwest China and related *** results suggest that,on the interdecadal timescale,Northwest China shifts into a rainy period from the year 1987,with an increase in the precipitation amount and intensity;an increase in the probability of moderate rain,heavy rain,torrential rain,and extremely heavy rain;and a decrease in the probability of light *** than 60%of the increase in precipitation can be attributed to rainfall with intensity above the grade of heavy *** associated interdecadal variability of atmospheric circulations over midlatitude Eurasia in summer is examined and it is found that the interdecadal variability is mainly characterized by the silk road pattern(SRP),with a cyclonic circulation anomaly and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly over central Asia and Mongolia,respectively;enhanced ascending motion and atmospheric instability in Northwest China;and strengthened easterly winds caused by the Mongolian anticyclonic anomaly along the northern boundary of the Tibetan *** the south side of the Mongolian anticyclone,the water vapor transported from the Pacific and Indian Oceans as well as the South China Sea to Northwest China by easterly winds increases significantly,providing the main water vapor source for the increase in precipitation in Northwest China on the interdecadal *** transition of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation to a positive phase may be the main cause of the interdecadal transition of the SRP to a positive phase,resulting in the interdecadal increase in summer precipitation in Northwest China.

关键词： Northwest China precipitation interdecadal variability silk road pattern Atlantic multidecadal oscillation

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