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Effects of Potassium Ferrate and Low-Temperature Thermal Hydrolysis Co-Pretreatment on the Hydrolysis and Anaerobic Digestion Process of Waste Activated Sludge

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第6期22卷 1583-1591页

作者： MA Yingpeng HAO Di YAO Shuo ZHANG Dahai LI Xianguo FENG Lijuan Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

This study evaluated the effect of potassium ferrate(PF)and low-temperature thermal hydrolysis co-pretreatment on the promotion of sludge hydrolysis process and the impact on acid production in the subsequent anaerobic digestion process.The analytical investigations showed that co-pretreatment significantly facilitated the hydrolysis process of the sludge and contributed to the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).The pretreatment conditions under the optimal leaching of organic matter from sludge were hydrothermal temperature of 75℃,hydrothermal treatment time of 12 h,and PF dosage of 0.25 g g^(−1)TSS(total suspended solids),according to the results of orthogonal experiments.By pretreatment under proper conditions,the removal rate of soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD)achieved 71.8%at the end of fermentation and the removal rate of total phosphorus(TP)was 69.1%.The maximum yield of SCFAs was 750.3 mg L^(−1),7.45 times greater than that of the blank group.Based on the analysis of the anaerobic digestion mechanism,it was indicated that the co-pretreatment could destroy the floc structure on the sludge surface and improve organic matter dissolving,resulting in more soluble organic substances for the acidification process.Furthermore,microbial community research revealed that the main cause of enhanced SCFAs generation was an increase in acidogenic bacteria and a reduction of methanogenic bacteria.

关键词： waste activated sludge potassium ferrate low-temperature thermal hydrolysis anaerobic digestion short-chain fatty acids

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Structure elucidation and in vitro rat intestinal fermentation properties of a novel sulfated glucogalactan from Porphyra haitanensis

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第2期12卷 596-606页

作者： Peilin Chen Lu Liu Zirun Cheng Yi Zhang Baodong Zheng Xiaoke Hu Hongliang Zeng Engineering Research Center of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition Ministry of EducationFuzhou 350002China College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China c Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003China

This study was to investigate the structure and rat fecal microbial fermentation properties of a polysaccharide fraction(PHP2)isolated from the red marine alga Porphyra haitanensis.PHP2 was characterized as a sulfated glucogalactan,with a hypothetical backbone structure of→4)Gα(1→6)G4 Sβ(1→4)Glc(1→and a side chain of Man(1→6)Glc.PHP2 had an irregular spherical chain conformation.The 16 S r RNA sequence analysis revealed that PHP2 modulated the rat fecal micro-flora composition,with a similar effect to inulin,changing the dominant genus(Lactobacillus and Escherichia-Shigella)and promoting the growth of organisms that degrade sulfur-containing polysaccharides,such as Desulfovibrio,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005,and Ruminococcus_2.PHP2 can promote production of acetic,propionic and butyric acid by rat fecal micro-flora.Prediction of metabolic function suggested that PHP2 could modulate cholesterol metabolism.The sulfated glucogalactan fermentation behavior may be associated with its monosaccharide composition,chain branching and chain conformation.PHP2 appeared to have considerable potential as functional food,and was associated with sulfur-containing polysaccharides in general.

关键词： Porphyra haitanensis Structure characterization Fecal microflora short-chain fatty acids Metabolic function prediction Polysaccharide

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Effects of soy hull polysaccharide on dyslipidemia and pathoglycemia in rats induced by a high-fat-high-sucrose diet

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第1期11卷 49-57页

作者： Qian Lin Lina Yang Lin Han Ziyi Wang Mingshuo Luo Danshi Zhu He Liu Xin Li Yu Feng College of Food Science and Technology Bohai UniversityJinzhou 121013China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic ProductsJinzhou 121013China

The present work aimed at investigating the effects of soy hull polysaccharide(SHP)in alleviating adverse effects in rats fed a high-fat-high-sucrose diet.After SHP feeding for 4 weeks,the fasting blood glucose(FBG),serum triglyceride(TG),serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),short chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and 16S rDNA gene sequence were determined.Administration of SHP significantly decreased body fat content and TG levels,and increased water intake and HDL-C levels after 4 weeks of treatment.The antihyperglycemic effect of SHP at a dose of 400 mg/kg mb had the most significant effects among the three dosage groups.SHP notably restored the FBG in rats fed a high-fat-high-sucrose diet(Pacids.Thus,SHP restores blood lipid levels in rats fed a high-fat-high sucrose diet through regulation of the gut microbiota.

关键词： Soy hull polysaccharide Antihyperlipidemic Gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids

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Foxtail millet supplementation improves glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in rats with high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第1期11卷 119-128页

作者： Xin Ren Linxuan Wang Zenglong Chen Min Zhang Dianzhi Hou Yong Xue Xianmin Diao Ruihai Liu Qun Shen Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food AdditivesBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China Key Laboratory Plant Protein and Grain processing National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and VegetablesCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory ofIntegrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081China Institute of Comparative and Environmental Toxicology Department of Food ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUnited States

Foxtail millet(FM)whole grain has received special attention in recent years.To confirm the hypoglycemic effects of FM,we investigated the effects of FM supplementation on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in rats with high-fat diet/streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetes.Specifically,we fully assessed the blood biochemical profiles,pancreatic histopathology,insulin-glucagon immunofluorescence,short-chain fatty acids,and gut microbiota composition of rats with HFD/STZ-induced diabetes before and after FM supplementation.Results showed that both 30% and 48% FM supplementation significantly decreased concentrations of fasting blood glucose,60-min blood glucose,and blood triglycerides(Pshort period of time.In addition,4 weeks of 48% FM supplementation siginificantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and concentration of butyrate,suggesting that the hypoglycemic effects of FM supplementation might be partially mediated by gut microbiota.Collectively,we found a dose-dependent relationship between FM supplementation and improvement of blood glucose metabolism,but did not find a synergistic effect between FM supplementation and metformin(Met)treatment.Our findings provide further support that consuming more whole-grain FM might be beneficial to individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Foxtail millet Glucose metabolism Gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids

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Bacteroides utilization for dietary polysaccharides and their beneficial effects on gut health

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第5期11卷 1101-1110页

作者： Jiaobo Cheng Jielun Hu Fang Geng Shaoping Nie State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology(Nanchang)Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330047China Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) School of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China

Polysaccharide was a class of macromolecular substance with various bioactive functions.Gut symbiotic microorganisms could utilize the polysaccharides from various sources,thus have important impact on human health.Bacteroides represented one of the dominant colonizers in the human gut.The utilization of polysaccharide by Bacteroides was important for supporting the function and stability of gut microbiota.After the degradation of polysaccharides by Bacteroides,gut microbes could ferment the monosaccharides and oligosaccharides degraded from polysaccharides into some metabolites,such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),amino acids,etc.Among the metabolites,the SCFAs could have beneficial effects on gut health.This review summarized the niches of Bacteroides among gut microbiota,and also described the gene clusters and membrane proteins involved in the utilization processes of polysaccharide by gut Bacteroides.SCFAs could act as energy substrates for intestinal epithelial cells,inhibit histone deacetylases and activate G protein-coupled receptors.In addition,the future perspectives in investigating new degradation pathways for polysaccharide,and using polysaccharides or their metabolites as therapeutic approaches for diseases mediated by the gut dysbiosis were also provided.

关键词： Bacteroides Polysaccharides Degradation short-chain fatty acids Gut health

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Alteration of fecal microbiome and metabolome by mung bean coat improves diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第5期11卷 1259-1272页

作者： Dianzhi Hou Jian Tang Meili Huan Fang Liu Sumei Zhou Qun Shen Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food AdditivesSchool of Food and HealthBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processingChinaAgricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Beijing 102209China College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China

Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and its derived metabolites has been linked to the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Our previous study has demonstrated that mung bean coat(MBC)might be mainly responsible for the beneficial effects of whole mung bean on high fat diet(HFD)-induced metabolic disorders.To investigate whether MBC,which is rich in dietary fiber and phytochemicals,can protect against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in mice via targeting gut microbiota and its metabolites,we conducted this study.Results showed that MBC could effectively alleviative the obese phenotype,reduce the lipid accumulation and insulin resistance,and improve the hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Furthermore,MBC significantly prevented the HFD-induced changes in the structure and composition of gut microbiota,characterized by promoting the bloom of Akkermansia,Lachnospiraceae_NK4 A136_group,and norank_f_Muribaculaceae,and along with the elevated short-chain fatty acids concentrations.Non-targeted metabolomic analysis indicated a metabolism disorder that was obviously improved by MBC via regulating sphingolipid metabolism andα-linolenic acid metabolism.These findings suggested that MBC could improve hepatic steatosis through manipulating the crosstalk between gut microbiota and its metabolites.

关键词： MBC Hepatic steatosis Gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids Metabolites

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Influence of the microbiota on epigenetics in colorectal cancer

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1138-1148页

作者： Danfeng Sun Yingxuan Chen Jing-Yuan Fang Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ministry of Health State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Institute of Digestive DiseaseRenji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies and is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Generally, there are three categories of colorectal cancer development mechanism—genetic,epigenetic and aberrant immunological signaling pathways—all of which may be initiated by an imbalanced gut microbiota. Epigenetic modifications enable host cells to change gene expression without modifying the gene sequence. The microbiota can interact with the host genome dynamically through the interface presented by epigenetic modifications. In particular, bacterially derived short-chain fatty acids have been identified as one clear link in the interaction of the microbiota with host epigenetic pathways. This review discusses recent findings relating to the cross talk between the microbiota and epigenetic modifications in colorectal cancer.

关键词： colorectal cancer gut microbiota epigenetics short-chain fatty acids

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Fecal microbiota transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome:An intervention for the 21st century

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第22期27卷 2921-2943页

作者： Magdy El-Salhy Tanisa Patcharatrakul Sutep Gonlachanvit Department of Medicine Stord Helse Fonna Hospital and University of BergenStord 5416Norway Department of Medicine King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Center of Excellence in Neurogastroenterology and MotilityChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)affects about 12%of the global population.Although IBS does not develop into a serious disease or increase mortality,it results in a considerable reduction in the quality of life.The etiology of IBS is not known,but the intestinal microbiota appears to play a pivotal role in its pathophysiology.There is no effective treatment for IBS,and so the applied treatments clinically focus on symptom relief.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),an old Chinese treatment,has been applied to IBS patients in seven randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Positive effects on IBS symptoms in various degrees were obtained in four of these RCTs,while there was no effect in the remaining three.Across the seven RCTs there were marked differences in the selection processes for the donor and treated patients,the transplant dose,the route of administration,and the methods used to measure how the patients responded to FMT.The present frontier discusses these differences and proposes:(1)criteria for selecting an effective donor(superdonor);(2)selection criteria for patients that are suitable for FMT;(3)the optimal FMT dose;and(4)the route of transplant administration.FMT appears to be safe,with only mild,self-limiting side effects of abdominal pain,cramping,tenderness,diarrhea,and constipation.Although it is early to speculate about the mechanisms underlying the effects of FMT,the available data suggest that changes in the intestinal bacteria accompanied by changes in fermentation patterns and fermentation products(specifically short-chain fatty acids)play an important role in improving the IBS symptoms seen after FMT.FMT appears to be a promising treatment for IBS,but further studies are needed before it can be applied in everyday clinical practice.

关键词： Butyric acid Enteroendocrine cells Etiology Microbiota short-chain fatty acids Superdonor Therapy

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Partially hydrolyzed guar gum attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through the gut-liver axis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第18期27卷 2160-2176页

作者： Shun Takayama Kazuhiro Katada Tomohisa Takagi Takaya Iida Tomohiro Ueda Katsura Mizushima Yasuki Higashimura Mayuko Morita Tetsuya Okayama Kazuhiro Kamada Kazuhiko Uchiyama Osamu Handa Takeshi Ishikawa Zenta Yasukawa Tsutomu Okubo Yoshito Itoh Yuji Naito Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto 602-8566Japan Department of Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science Graduate School of Medical ScienceKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto 602-8566Japan Department of Food Science Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichi 921-8836Japan Department of Health Care Nutrition Showa Gakuin Junior CollegeIchikawa 272-0823Japan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKawasaki Medical SchoolKurashiki 701-0192Japan Department of Nutrition Taiyo Kagaku Co.LtdYokkaichi 510-0844Japan

BACKGROUND The gut-liver axis has attracted much interest in the context of chronic liver disease pathogenesis.Prebiotics such as dietary fibers were shown to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by modulating gut microbiota.Partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG),a water-soluble dietary fiber,has been reported to alleviate the symptoms of various intestinal diseases and metabolic syndromes.However,its effects on NAFLD remain to be fully elucidated.To determine whether treatment with PHGG attenuates NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis.METHODS Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with increased intestinal permeability were fed a control or atherogenic(Ath)diet(a mouse model of NAFLD)for 8 wk,with or without 5%PHGG.Increased intestinal permeability was induced through chronic intermittent administration of low-dose dextran sulfate sodium.Body weight,liver weight,macroscopic findings in the liver,blood biochemistry[aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total cholesterol,triglyceride,free fatty acids,and glucose levels],liver histology,myeloperoxidase activity in liver tissue,mRNA expression in the liver and intestine,serum endotoxin levels in the portal vein,intestinal permeability,and microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)profiles in the cecal samples were investigated.RESULTS Mice with increased intestinal permeability subjected to the Ath diet showed significantly increased serum AST and ALT levels,liver fat accumulation,liver inflammatory(tumor necrosis factor-αand monocyte chemotactic protein-1)and fibrogenic(collagen 1a1 andαsmooth muscle actin)marker levels,and liver myeloperoxidase activity,which were significantly attenuated by PHGG treatment.Furthermore,the Ath diet combined with increased intestinal permeability resulted in elevated portal endotoxin levels and activated toll-like receptor(TLR)4 and TLR9 expression,confirming that intestinal permeability was significantly elevated,as observed by evaluating the lumen-to-blood clearance of fluorescein is

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Partially hydrolyzed guar gum Gut-liver axis Intestinal barrier integrity Microbiota short-chain fatty acids

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Overview of the microbiota in the gut-liver axis in viral B and C hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第43期27卷 7446-7461页

作者： Maria Adriana Neag Andrei Otto Mitre Adrian Catinean Anca Dana Buzoianu Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Clinical PharmacologyIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-NapocaCluj-Napoca 400337Romania Faculty of Medicine Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-NapocaCluj-Napoca 400012Romania Department of Internal Medicine Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-NapocaCluj-Napoca 400006Romania

Viral B and C hepatitis are a major current health issue,both diseases having a chronic damaging effect on the liver and its functions.Chronic liver disease can lead to even more severe and life-threatening conditions,such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Recent years have uncovered an important interplay between the liver and the gut microbiome:the gut-liver axis.Hepatitis B and C infections often cause alterations in the gut microbiota by lowering the levels of‘protective’gut microorganisms and,by doing so,hinder the microbiota ability to boost the immune response.Treatments aimed at restoring the gut microbiota balance may provide a valuable addition to current practice therapies and may help limit the chronic changes observed in the liver of hepatitis B and C patients.This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the anatofunctional axis between the gut and liver and to highlight the influence that hepatitis B and C viruses have on the microbiota balance,as well as the influence of treatments aimed at restoring the gut microbiota on infected livers and disease progression.

关键词： Viral B hepatitis Viral C hepatitis Gut-liver axis Immunomodulation Lipopolysaccharides short-chain fatty acids

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