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Fluoroquinolones-resistant shigella species in Iranian children:a meta-analysis

World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第5期15卷 441-453页

作者： Farzad Khademi Amirhossein Sahebkar Department of Microbiology School of MedicineArdabil University of Medical SciencesDaneshgah StreetArdabil ***Iran Biotechnology Research Center Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran

Background shigella is one of the most common causes of childhood dysentery along with high rate of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)reports,the prevalence of fluoroquinolones-resistant shigella species is increasing worldwide which can cause treatment failure of shigella infections.Since there has not been any comprehensive information on drug-resistant shigella species in Iran,we conducted the following meta-analysis to raise awareness.Methods We conducted a literature search on antibiotic resistance of shigella species to collect published studies in Iran using national and international databases.Literature search was performed by up to Jan 30,2019 and eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis by predefined criteria.Results Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion technique was the only used method in all included studies.Antibiotic resistance characteristics of shigella species against WHO recommended therapeutic regimens were as follows:S.dysenteriae 7%,S.flexneri 3.8%,S.boydii 6.9%and S.sonnei 2.6%to ciprofloxacin,S.dysenteriae 27.9%,S.flexneri 19.3%,S.boydii 15.7%and S.sonnei 9.5%to ceftriaxone and also S.dysenteriae 91.7%,S.flexneri 20.7%,S.boydii 46.7%and S.sonnei 32.3%to azithromycin.Resistance to pivmecillinam has not been investigated in Iran.Conclusions Our findings revealed that ciprofloxacin can still be used as the first-line antibiotic for shigella infections in Iranian children.However,it seems that second-line antibiotics i.e.,ceftriaxone and azithromycin are not good choices for treatment and thus not recommended.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Fluoroquinolone Iran shigella

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shigella Strains Are Not Clones of Escherichia coli but Sister Species in the Genus Escherichia

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2013年第1期11卷 61-65页

作者： Guanghong Zuo Zhao Xu Bailin Hao T-Life Research Center and Department of Physics Fudan University

shigella species and Escherichia coli are closely related organisms. Early phenotyping experiments and several recent molecular studies put shigella within the species E. coli. However, the whole-genome-based, alignment-free and parameter-free CVTree approach shows convincingly that four established shigella species, shigella boydii, shigella sonnei, shigella felxneri and shigella dysenteriae, are distinct from E. coli strains, and form sister species to E. coli within the genus Esch- erichia. In view of the overall success and high resolution power of the CVTree approach, this result should be taken seriously. We hope that the present report may promote further in-depth study of the shigella-E. coli relationship.

关键词： shigella Escherichia coli Prokaryote phylogeny andtaxonomy Composition vector CVTree

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shigella Strain Has Developed Non-Studied Pathogenicity Mechanisms of Adaptability in the Colonization of Epithelial Cells

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第4期12卷 270-294页

作者： Duchel Jeanedvi Kinouani Kinavouidi Christian Aimé Kayath Nicole Prisca Makaya Dangui Nieko Saturnin Nicaise Mokemiabeka David Charles Roland Moukala Etienne Nguimbi Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM) Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN) Brazzaville République du Congo Ecole Normal Supérieur (ENS) Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville République du Congo

According to the World Health Organization, foodborne diseases are a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries including the Republic of Congo. They are responsible for several episodes of diarrhea, especially in children under five years old. There is no reliable epidemiological data on the pathogenicity of the shigella spp. strains circulating in the whole Republic of Congo drafting this paper. The purpose of this study was to examine the shigella spp strain pathogenicity close to an environment contaminated with faeces in the city of Brazzaville. As a result, 54 isolates have been associated with shigella spp. The gastric acid resistance test performed on shigella Environmental Strain (SES) and shigella Clinical Strains (SCS) resulted in 38.8% (21/54) and 100% acid resistant, respectively. shigella spp. Strains (SES and SCS) were ranged in a survival percentage from 11% to 93%. By monitoring Biosurfactant-Like Molecule (BLM) production, we showed that the BLM production of SES and SCS was highly dependent on bacterial culture density involving the Quorum Sensing (QS). S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei and as well as SES and SCS were able to invade and contaminate eggs by colonizing egg yolk. The counting bacteria were ranging from two to 5 × 107 CFU/mL after contamination. Concomitantly, BLM was secreted during the post contamination of poultry eggs with 100% EI24. Further by trying to show the pathogenicity by the hemolysis test, we have shown that SES and SCS were able to show significant areas of lysis on blood agar. Finally, this work has proposed an additional model of cell invasion including biosurfactants during the pre- and post-invasion phases.

关键词： shigella Biosurfactant Quorum Sensing Invasion Epithelial Cells Pathogenicity

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Co-administration of rlpaB domain of shigella with rGroEL of s. Typhi enhances the immune responses and protective efficacy against shigella infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2015年第6期12卷 757-767页

作者： Sekar Tamil Selvi Chitradevi Gurpreet Kaur Sivaramakrishna Uppalapati Anandprakash Yadav Dependrapratap Singh1 Anju Bansal Division of Experimental Biology Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences Delhi India Division of Microbiology Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore India Division of Immunomodulation Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences Delhi India

shigella species cause severe bacillary dysentery in humans and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The Invasion plasmid antigen （IpaB） protein, which is conserved across all shigella spp., induces macrophage cell death and is required to invade host cells. The present study evaluates the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant （r） domain region of IpaB （rlpaB） of S. flexneri, rlpaB was administered either alone or was co-administered with the rGroEL （heat shock protein 60） protein from S. Typhi as an adjuvant in a mouse model of intranasal immunization. The IpaB domain region （37 kDa） of S. flexneriwas amplified from an invasion plasmid, cloned, expressed in BL21 Escherichia colicells and purified. Immunization with the rlpaB domain alone stimulated both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Furthermore, robust antibody （IgG, IgA） and T-cell responses were induced when the rlpaB domain was co-administered with rGroEL. Antibody isotyping revealed higher IgG 1 and IgG2a antibody titers and increased interferon-gamma （IFN-γ） secretion in the co-administered group. Immunization of mice with the rlpaB domain alone protected 60%-70% of the mice from lethal infection by S. flexneri, S. boydiiand S. sonnei, whereas co-administration with rGroEL increased the protective efficacy to 80%-85%. Organ burden and histopathological studies also revealed a significant reduction in lung infection in the co-immunized mice compared with mice immunized with the rlpaB domain alone. This study emphasizes that the co-administration of the rlpaB domain and rGroEL protein improves immune responses in mice and increases protective efficacy against shigella infection. This is also the first report to evaluate the potential of the GroEL （Hsp 60） protein of S. Typhi as an adjuvant molecule, thereby overcoming the need for commercial adjuvants.

关键词： GroEL heat shock protein IpaB shigella S. Typhi

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Research progress in shigella in the postgenomic era

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 1284-1290页

作者： PENG JunPing, YANG Jian & JIN Qi State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering Institute of Pathogen Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China

Gram-negative,facultative intracellular anaerobes of the genus shigella,the principal etiologic agents of shigellosis,continue to pose a threat to public health. Shigellosis causes 1.1 million deaths with over 164 million annual cases. The shigella spp. can be divided into four serogroups:shigella dysenteriae,shigella flexneri, shigella boydii and shigella sonnei. The completion of seven shigella genome sequences of representative strains from each of the shigella species has introduced an era of whole-genome study.This paper reviews contemporary understanding of genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics and the structural biology of shigella.

关键词： shigella genomics transcriptomics proteomics structural biology

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Anti-enteric bacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of the seed kernel extract of Mangifera indica Linnaeus against shigella dysenteriae(Shiga,corrig.) Castellani and Chalmers

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 294-300页

作者： Rajan S Thirunalasundari T Jeeva S Department of Microbiology Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College Department of Biotechnology Bharathidasan University Centre for Biodiversity and Biotechnology Department of BotanyN.M.Christian College

Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical and anti-bacterial efficacy of the seed kernel extract of Mangifera indica(M.indica) against the enteropathogen,shigella dysenteriae(S.dysenteriae), isolated from the diarrhoeal stool specimens.Methods:The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by the standard methods as described by Harborne.Cold extraction method was employed to extract the bioactive compounds from mango seed kernel.Disc diffusion method was adopted to screen antibacterial activity.Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) was evaluated by agar dilution method.The crude extracts were partially purified by thin layer chromatography(TLC) and the fractions were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography(HFTLC) to identify the bioactive compounds.Results:Phytochemical scrutiny of M.indica indicated the presence of phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids,gums, flavanoids,phenols,saponins,steroids,tannins and xanthoproteins.Antibacterial activity was observed in two crude extracts and various fractions viz.hexane,benzene,chlor of orm,methanol and water.MIC of methanol fraction was found to be(95±11.8)μg/mL.MIC of other fractions ranged from 130-380μg/mL Conclusions:The present study confirmed that each crude extracts and fractions of M.indica have significant antimicrobial activity against the isolated pathogen 5. dyserUeriae.The antibacterial activity may be due to the phytochemical constituents of the mango seed kernel.The phytochemical tannin could be the reason for its antibacterial activity.

关键词： Antibacterial activity Mangifera indica(seed kernel) Minimum inhibitory concentration Phytochemistry shigella dysenteriae

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Comparison of the virulence plasmid genomes of two strains of shigella which lost the ability to bind Congo red

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2006年第2期49卷 141-148页

作者： XIONG Zhaohui1, TANG Xudong1,2, YANG Fan1, ZHANG Xiaobing1, YANG Jian1, CHEN Lihong1, NIE Huan1, YAN Yongliang1, JIANG Yan1, WANG Jing1, XUE Ying1, XU Xingye1, ZHU Yafang1, DONG Jie1, AN Lizhe2, WANG Xunling2 & JIN Qi1 1. State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Beijing 100052, China 2. School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 743000) State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering Beijing China School of Life Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou China

We determined and analyzed the shigella flexneri serotype 5 (pSF5) and S. dysenteriae serotype 1 (pSD1) virulence plasmid genomes. The total length of pSF5 is 136513 bp, including 165 open reading frames (ORFs). Of these ORFs, 133 were identified and 32 of those had no significant homology to proteins with known functions. The length of pSD1 is 182545 bp, including 224 ORFs, of which we identified 181. The remaining 43 ORFs were not significantly homologous to proteins with known functions. The insertion sequence (IS) elements are 53787 bp in pSF5, and 49616 bp in pSD1, which represents 39.4% and 27.1% of the genome, respectively. There are 22 IS element types in pSF5 and pSD1, among which we report ISEc8 and ISSbo6 for the first time in the shigella virulence plasmid. Compared to pCP301, there are a large number of deleted genes and gene inversions in both pSF5 and pSD1. The ipa-mxi-spa locus in pSF5 is completely absent, and the genes related to the O-antigen biosynthesis are partially missing. In contrast, the above genes in pSD1 are integral, with the exception of virF. The whole genome analysis of the two plasmids shows that the loss of genes related to gene invasion or regulation also obliterates the ability of pPF5 and pSD1 to bind Congo red (Crb). Whether these genes determine the Crb function requires continued investigation.

关键词： shigella flexneir serotype 5, shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, virulence plasmid, Congo red, genome comparison.

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Prevalence and trends of aminoglycoside resistance in shigella worldwide, 1999-2010

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2013年第2期27卷 103-115页

作者： Bing Gu Xing Ke Shiyang Pan Yan Cao Ling Zhuang Rongbin Yu Huimin Qian Genyan Liu Mingqing Tong Department of Laboratory Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital Nanjing Medical University National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University

Shigellosis causes diarrheal disease in humans in both developed and developing countries, and multi-drug resistance in shigella is an emerging problem. Understanding changing resistance patterns is important in determining appropriate antibiotic treatments. This meta-analysis systematically evaluated aminoglycoside resistance in shigella. A systematic review was constructed based on MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Randomeffect models or fixed-effect models were used based on P value considering the possibility of heterogeneity between studies for meta-analysis. Data manipulation and statistical analyses were performed using software STATA 11.0. By means of meta-analysis, we found a lower resistance to three kinds of aminoglycosides in the Europe-America areas during the 12 year study period than that of the Asia-Africa areas. Kanamycin resistance was observed to be the most common drug resistance among shigella isolates with a prevalence of 6.88% （95%CI： 6.36%-7.43%）. Comparison of data from Europe-America and Asia-Africa areas revealed that shigella flexneri resistance was greater than the resistance calculated for shigella sonnei. Importantly, shigella sonnei has played a significant role in aminoglycoside-resistance in recent years. Similarly, data showed that resistance to these drugs in children was higher than the corresponding data of adults. In conclusion, aminoglycoside-resistant shigella is not an unusual phenomenon worldwide. Distribution in shigella resistance differs sharply based on geographic areas, periods of time and subtypes. The results from the present study highlight the need for con- tinuous surveillance of resistance and control of antibiotic usage.

关键词： shigella aminoglycoside resistance patterns prevalence trends meta-analysis

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Different Species of Salmonella spp and shigella spp and Their Risk of Infection in N’Djamena Chad

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第11期11卷 1-12页

作者： Mahamat Tahir N’garé Hassan Ahmat Idriss Ahmat Yacoub Mahamat Allamine Abakar Lawane Idriss Allagueryane Djimadinan Abderrazzack Adoum Foudda Ali Mahamat Moussa Laboratoire de Recherche Diagnostics et d’Expertises Scientifiques Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Prevention N’Djamena Tchad Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences des Aliments et Nutrition Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine (FSSH) Université de N’Djamena N’Djamena Tchad Programme Sectoriel de Lutte Contre le Sida Université Touma&iuml N’Djamena Tchad Services Gastro-Entero-Hépatique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Référence Nationale N’Djaména Tchad Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine N’Djaména Tchad

Introduction: Salmonella and shigella are gram-negative bacilli that are resistant to most antibiotics and play an important role in an etiology of diarrhea disease. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp and shigella spp isolated from stool and blood samples in the city of N’Djamena. Materials and Method: This was a prospective study conducted in the four district hospitals of N’Djamena from 14 July 2022 to 31 December 2022. A questionnaire form was drawn up to collect the information sent to the study patients. The samples were analyzed at the CHU de la Mère et de l’Enfant, Labo-Redes laboratory according to their protocols and the standard of the antibiogram committee of the French microbiology society. Results: Of the 803 biological samples analyzed, 39 were positive for Salmonella spp and shigella spp, including 15 for Salmonella and 24 for shigella, giving an overall prevalence rate of 4.85%. Borehole water, uncooked food and lack of access to a latrine constitute a risk of being infected by Salmonella spp and shigella spp species. Of the 8 antibiotics tested, Salmonella spp and shigella spp strains showed good sensitivity to nalidixic acid (100% for Salmonella and 90 for shigella) and to ciprofloxacin (90.9% for Salmonella and 75% for shigella). Resistance to ampicillin was found in 81.81% of Salmonella species and 78.57% of shigella species, as was resistance to chloramphenicol (81.81% of Salmonella species and 67.85% of shigella species). Similarly, cleanliness of the service and equipment is an essential factor in preventing Salmonella and shigella infections.

关键词： Salmonella shigella Species Prevalence Antibiotics Resistance Chad

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Evaluation of phytochemical properties and in-vitro antibacterial activity of the aqueous extracts of leaf,seed and root of Abrus precatorius Linn. against Salmonella and shigella

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第9期6卷 755-759页

作者： Ojo Joseph Sunday Shola Kola Babatunde Adeyinka Elizabeth Ajiboye Racheal Majekodunmi Adedayo Mufutau Adeyemi Ajao Busayo Isreal Ajuwon Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology Kwara State University

Objective:To investigate the phytochemical components of Abrus precatorius(A.precatorius) and the in-vitro susceptibility of Salmonella typhi and shigella dysenteriae to the aqueous extracts of A.precatorius leaf,seed and root.Methods:The leaf,seed and root of A.precatorius were collected and homogenized separately after drying at 40℃ for seven days in hot-air oven.The aqueous extracts of each of the parts were prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening.Dilutions of 400,300,200,100 mg/mL,of each of the extracts were used for broth dilution in minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) determination against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi and shigella dysenteriae,while 50,40,30,20,and 10 mg/mL dilutions were used for the agar diffusion test and 100 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL of gentamycin were used as controls for broth dilution in MIC determination and agar diffusion test,respectively.Results:Qualitative study reveals that tannin,saponins,alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids and phenols were present in all of the plant parts.The leaf has the highest quantities of tannin and phenol.The root generally showed the lowest quantity of all the compounds.The pathogens were susceptible to aqueous extracts of the leaf,stem and root of A.precatorius at 50 mg/mL.At concentrations of 40,30 and 20 mg/mL,all the aqueous extracts of A.precatorius showed variation in MIC,but produced no minimum bactericide effect upon subculture.There were variations in diameter of zone of inhibition against the organisms at lower concentrations.Conclusions:These findings suggest that A.precatorius is a valuable source of phytochemicals with promising antibacterial activity.Considering this bioactivity,A.precatorius could be probed further for toxicity,and to obtain some novel antibacterial molecules.

关键词： Abrus precatorius Phytochemicals Antibacterial susceptibility Salmonella shigella

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