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The Origin of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Determined by the Analysis on the Active Longmenshan Nappe in Terms of Rockmass Mechanics

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第3期9卷 395-402页

作者： YAN Zhixin MA Guozhe YUAN Binxiang NIU Fujun School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Lanzhou University222 South Tianshui RoadLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and Environment Ministry of Education China222 South Tianshui RoadLanzhou 730000China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academic of Science320 West Donggang RoadLanzhou 73ooooChina

On 12 May 2008, the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake occurred along the Longmen Shan nappe, Sichuan, China. This devastating earthquake led to a heavy death toll of greater than 80,000. The seismic origin of this earthquake is currently hotly debated. We suppose that it is a special type of intraplate earthquake called an active-nappe-type earthquake. Using a holistic methodology, incorporating rockmass structure cybernetics and Byerlee's law, we present a comprehensive study on the geological origin of macroseisms in the Longmen Shan area and the seismic origin of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Previous studies of neotectonic activity indicate that the Longmen Shan nappe moves at a rate of 1~3 mm/yr, due to horizontal compressive stress from the Tibetan Plateau. The difference between movement rates in the Bayankala block, Longmen Shan nappe and Sichuan Basin cause slow shear stress and strain accumulation in the Longmen Shan nappe. It is exhibited a relatively simple linear relations for the shear strength and the buried depth of the structural planes, and the detachment layer of the nappe has a higher shearing-sliding strength compared to the overlying fault planes and the underlying ductile shear belts, thus making it more prone to stick-slip deformation. Therefore, the detachment layer was the main section responsible for the Wenchuan earthquake. The initial rupture burst in the detachment layer under the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, the rupture area nearly 1.4454 × 104 km2,encompassed the cross point of the Yingxiu and the Anxian-Guanxian faults with the detachment layer, then caused the Yingxiu-Beichuan and Anxian-Guanxian faults took an active part in this earthquake, so this earthquake might consist of three chain-like earthquake stages, totally increasing the duration of this earthquake an unusually large amount, to 120 s. The focal depth spanned range of 10-20km,consistent with the observed result of this focal depth by several agencies.

关键词： Active nappe Rockmass structurecybernetics shear-slip failure Wenchuanearthquake Seismicorigin

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