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Advances in development of shear-flow testing apparatuses and methods for rock fractures:A review

Rock Mechanics Bulletin 2022年第1期1卷 5-32页

作者： Yujing Jiang Bo Li Changsheng Wang Zhenyu Song Bingming Yan School of Engineering Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki852-8521Japan State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded By Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and TechnologyChina College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Shandong University of Science and TechnologyShandong Qingdao266590China

Understanding the mechanical and hydraulic properties of fractured rocks and their coupled processes is of great significance for the exploration,design,construction,operation,and maintenance of many rock engineering projects such as hydropower development,oil and gas extraction,and underground waste *** the rapid advancement of global and national strategies such as the“Paris Agreement”and the“Belt and Road Initiative”,more and more projects are developed in the complex geological environment with varying geological *** failure and rock instability are prone to occur in fractured rock masses under the coupled effects of high stress,high pore pressure,and engineering disturbance,which are main sources for engineering disasters such as roof collapse and caving,water and mud inrushes,and induced *** solve these problems,extensive research on the coupled shear-flow behavior of fractures has been ***,due to the complex mechanical,hydraulic and geometrical characteristics of single fractures and fracture networks,a large number of outstanding issues related to the impact of the coupled processes on the engineering characteristics of rock masses are still *** relevant experimental apparatuses and methods remain to be further ***,in this review,we analyze and summarize the existing shear-flow experimental apparatuses,classify apparatus configurations,specimen shapes,and testing principles,and compare their advantages and *** also summarize the main scientific findings obtained from various experimental apparatuses,aiming to provide a reference for developing new shear-flow experimental apparatuses and conducting related scientific research in the future.

关键词： Rock fracture shear-flow Testing apparatus Fault slip Permeability

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Non-Gravitational Effects with Density-Matching in Evaluating the Influence of Sedimentation on Colloidal Coagulation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第12期22卷 3199-3202页

作者：刘捷孙祉伟阿燕 NML Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080

The method of density matching between the solid and liquid phases is often adopted to effectively eliminate the effect of sedimentation of suspensions in studies on dynamic behaviour of a colloidal system. However, the associated changes in the solvent composition may bring side effects to the properties investigated and therefore might lead to a faulty conclusion if the relevant correction is not made. To illustrate the importance of this side effect, we present an example of the sedimentation influence on the coagulation rate of suspensions of 2μm （diameter） polystyrene. The liquid mixtures, in the proper proportions of water （H2O）, deuterium oxide （D2O） and methanol （MeOH） as the liquid phase, density-matched and unmatched experiments are performed. Besides the influence of viscosity, the presence of methanol in solvent media, used to enhance the sedimentation effect, causes significant changes （reduction） in rapid coagulation rates compared to that in pure water. Without the relevant corrections for those non-gravitational factors it seems that gravitational sedimentation would retard the coagulation. The magnitude of the contribution from the non-gravitational factor is quantitatively determined, making the relevant correction possible. After necessary the influence of the sedimentation on coagulation rates at corrections for all factors, our experiments show that the initial stage of the coagulation is not observable.

关键词： PERIKINETIC COAGULATION RAPID COAGULATION shear-flow GRAVITY AGGREGATION DISPERSION STABILITY

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