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同学少年 2006年第11期 35-35页

sharks senses and shark repellents

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第1期10卷 38-64页

作者： Nathan S.HART Shaun P.COLLIN School of Animal Biology and the Oceans Institute The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyPerthAustralia

Despite over 70 years of research on shark repellents,few practical and reliable solutions to prevent shark attacks on humans or reduce shark bycatch and depredation in commercial fisheries have been *** large part,this deficiency stems from a lack of fundamental knowledge of the sensory cues that drive predatory behavior in ***,the widespread use of shark repellents is also hampered by the physical constraints and technical or logistical difficulties of deploying substances or devices in an open-water marine environment to prevent an unpredictable interaction with a complex ***,we summarize the key attributes of the various sensory systems of sharks and highlight residual knowledge gaps that are relevant to the development of effective shark *** also review the most recent advances in shark repellent technology within the broader historical context of research on shark repellents and shark sensory *** conclude with suggestions for future research that may enhance the efficacy of shark repellent devices,in particular,the continued need for basic research on shark sensory biology and the use of a multi-sensory approach when developing or deploying shark repellent technology.

关键词： sensory biology sharks shark depredation shark repellents

Captures and Diet of Three sharks Species in the Veracruz Reef System

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2013年第2期3卷 66-73页

作者： Jose Otilio Avendano-Alvarez Horacio Pérez-Espana David Salas-Monreal Emiliano García-Rodríguez Institute of Marine Science and Fisheries Veracruz UniversityVeracruzMexico

During July to November of 2008, the artisanal fisheries captured juvenile sharks belonging to the Carcharhinus and Sphyrnidae family in the Veracruz Reef System (south western Gulf of Mexico). The three most abundant organisms were of the species Sphyrna lewini, Carcharhinus brevipinna and Rhizoprionodon terraenovae. Local fisherman recognized five captured areas of sharks as a direct way or bycatch. Some of these areas are located near to eddies formations and river discharges (high productivity areas). These top predators fed on benthic and demersal prey of coastal and reef habits had been the Teleost group the most important item in its diet. However it is possible to observe differences in its feeding tendency.

关键词： Captures Diet sharks Veracruz

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方正sharks网络安全解决方案

中国信息导报 2000年第9期 40-40,42页

作者：韩庆军

近年来,网络安全越来越成为人们关注的焦点,包括美国国防部在内的许多站点被攻击、被纂改页面,著名游戏软件厂商id Software等许多公司的商业机密从网上被窃,Yahoo、CNN等著名站点遭到DDos攻击,甚至英国的一个军用间谍卫星也被黑客通过... 详细信息

近年来,网络安全越来越成为人们关注的焦点,包括美国国防部在内的许多站点被攻击、被纂改页面,著名游戏软件厂商id Software等许多公司的商业机密从网上被窃,Yahoo、CNN等著名站点遭到DDos攻击,甚至英国的一个军用间谍卫星也被黑客通过网络控制......这一切都向人们展示了互联网不是一个世外桃源,互联网带来机遇的同时,也带来了新的威胁。在这种环境下.目前国内很多的互联网服务商仍然把自己的服务器毫无保护地放到ISP,而没有有效的安全防护措施。因此,国内的网站需要提高安全意识,加强安全防范已经迫在眉睫。此外,随着国家和企业在政治、经济等方面对网络环境和网络信息资源依赖程度的加深,涉及国家安全和社会公共安全的所有重大问题,都会在网上表现出来。网络安全攻防甚至将会成为一个国家未来战争的一种手段。[第一段]

关键词：北大方正 sharks 网络安全解决方案防火桥

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方正数码发布sharks互联网安全解决方案

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中国金融电脑 2000年第12期 85-85页

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中国鲨类脑颅的研究

Current Zoology 1986年第4期32卷 360-368页

作者：孟庆闻苏锦祥朱元鼎上海水产学院

本文解剖观察了我国有代表性的鲨类脑颅共32种,分隶于8目14科24属。研究结果认为鲨类的脑颅共可分为9个式型和12个亚型。现存虎鲨目、须鲨目的鲸鲨科和扁鲨目吻软骨缺如,六鳃鲨目、须鲨目、角鲨目和锯鲨目均具一吻软骨,它们是一些古老... 详细信息

本文解剖观察了我国有代表性的鲨类脑颅共32种,分隶于8目14科24属。研究结果认为鲨类的脑颅共可分为9个式型和12个亚型。现存虎鲨目、须鲨目的鲸鲨科和扁鲨目吻软骨缺如,六鳃鲨目、须鲨目、角鲨目和锯鲨目均具一吻软骨,它们是一些古老和一些特化的类群。现存大多数种类均具3根吻软骨。在各不同分类阶元常有其不同的形态特征,可作为分类依据之一,亦可显示其亲缘关系。

关键词： sharks Neurocrania Patterns.

Shark Cognition and a Human Mediated Driver of a Spate of Shark Attacks

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第5期4卷 263-269页

作者： Marie Levine Ralph S. Collier Erich Ritter Moustafa Fouda Vincent Canabal Shark Research Institute Princeton USA Global Shark Attack File Princeton USA Shark Research Committee Chatsworth USA Nature Conservation Sector Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Cairo Egypt

Five unprovoked shark attacks are reported from Sharm-El-Sheikh, Egypt, between 30 November and 5 December 2010. Three of the five attacks are attributed to an oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharinus longimanus with a distinctive crescent-shaped notch in the upper lobe of the caudal fin. The shark was observed during the first attack on a snorkeler and photographed underwater during the second shark attack on a swimmer. In a video taken several months prior to the attacks, the same shark is hand-fed underwater by a divemaster with additional fish in a pack over his buttock. The shark can be seen swimming behind the divemaster while he removed additional fish from this pack. In Victims 1, 2 and 5, the shark removed an extensive amount of tissue from the victims’ buttock. The three victims also lost a hand and/or a portion of their forearm, suggesting the injuries were inflicted by a shark conditioned to associating food with hand-feedings and the human form. The remaining two attacks, Cases 3 and 4, were attributable to the shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus. This was determined from a unique dental pattern of the right side of the upper jaw due to a prior injury. This same “misalignment” dental pattern was observed in the injuries sustained by Victims 3 and 4. We conclude that the shortfin mako shark was responsible for the attacks on Victims 3 and 4, and the oceanic whitetip shark was the causal species of attacks on Victims 1, 2, and 5.

关键词： Forensic Science Red Sea sharks Shark Attack Shark Cognition