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Observed dryness and wetness variability in shanghai during 1873-2005

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2009年第2期19卷 143-152页

作者：张增信张强张金池邹兰军江剑民 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecological Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology CASNanjing 210008China shanghai Meteorological Bureau Shanghai 200030China Training Centre of China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China

Dryness and wetness variations on different time scales in shanghai were analyzed using the Standardized Precipitation Index （SPI） based on monthly precipitation data for 1873-2005. The SPI on scales of 3, 6, 12 and 24 months has been calculated. The SPI on 3, 6, 12 and 24 months present 4 wet periods prevailed during 1873-1885, 1904-1923, 1938-1960 and 1983-2005, and 3 dry episodes during 1886-1903, 1924-1937 and 1961-1982. Significant periods of higher wavelet power in the SPI-24 months occurred on the time scales of 2-7-year band in around 1880-1890, 1910-1950 and 1970-1990, and at 8-15-year band in 1920-1960 and 1965-2000 respectively. Periodicities in the SOl and ENSO indices are similar to those in SPI-24 months with little difference, namely, in the SPI-24 months, there are significant periods at the 2-7- and 8-15-year bands during 1930-1940. The periodicity components in individual SPI-24 months, SOl and ENSO indices are more complicated, showing the wetness and dryness variability in shanghai is controlled by more than one physical factors. The research results indicate that the shanghai area has experienced dryness and wetness variability on different time scales during the past 133 years.

关键词： dryness and wetness SPI continuous wavelet transform shanghai

The protein complex crystallography beamline(BL19U1)at the shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2019年第11期30卷 30-40页

作者： Wei-Zhe Zhang Jian-Chao Tang Si-Sheng Wang Zhi-Jun Wang Wen-Ming Qin Jian-Hua He National Facility for Protein Science in shanghai Shanghai Advanced Research Institute(Zhangjiang Laboratory)Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute(Zhangjiang Laboratory)Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China

The protein complex crystallographic beamline BL19U1 at the shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is one of the five beamlines dedicated to protein sciences operated by National Facility for Protein Science(shanghai,China).The beamline,which features a small-gap invacuum undulator,has been officially open to users since March *** beamline delivers X-ray in the energy range 7–15 *** its high flux,low divergence beam and a large active area detector,BL19U1 is designed for proteins with large molecular weight and large crystallographic unit cell *** performance and stable operation of the beamline have allowed the number of Protein Data Bank(PDB)depositions and the number of articles published based on data collected at this beamline to increase *** date,over 300 research groups have collected data at the *** than 600 PDB entries have been deposited at the PDB(***).More than 300 papers have been published that include data collected at the beamline,including 21 research articles published in the top-level journals Cell,Nature,and Science.

关键词： MX beamlines Macromolecular crystallography shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility SSRF-BL19U1

Study of ozone “weekend effect” in shanghai

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第9期51卷 1354-1360页

作者： TANG WenYuan1↑, ZHAO ChunSheng1, GENG FuHai1,2, PENG Li2, ZHOU GuangQiang2, GAO Wei2, XU JianMing2 & TIE XueXi2,3 1 Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2 Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory of shanghai Meteorological Bureau, shanghai 200030, China 3 Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder CO 80301, USA Department of Atmospheric Science School of Physics Peking University Beijing China Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory of shanghai Meteorological Bureau Shanghai China Atmospheric Chemistry Division NCAR Boulder USA

Analysis of observed ozone data in 2006 from five monitoring sites (Xujiahui, Chongming, Baoshan, Pudong, Jinshan) in shanghai reveals that ozone (O_3) concentrations in Xujiahui are higher at week-ends than those on weekdays, despite the fact that emissions of ozone precursor substances, such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are lower at weekends than those on weekdays. The possible chemical cause of ozone "weekend effect" is that NO_2/NO ratio increases at weekends by 25.61% compared with those on weekdays. In addition, because of an average 12.13% reduction in NOx (NO + NO_2) in the early morning (05:00-09:00) at weekends compared with that on weekdays, the ozone inhibition period ends 0.5 h earlier at weekends resulting in the longer duration of ozone accumulation and the higher ozone production rate. The rate of ozone production is a function of VOCs and NOx in the atmosphere. VOCs/NOx ratio in Xujiahui is 4.55 at weekends, and 4.37 on weekdays, belonging to the "NOx-limited". The increasing VOCs/NOx ratio at weekends leads to ozone enhancement from 73 ppbv to 80 ppbv, which are consistent with ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui. Furthermore, combining with MICAPS cloud amount data, the fact that ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui weakens gradually along with the increasing of cloud amount indicates that ozone photochemical production leads to ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui of shanghai.

关键词： shanghai ozone photochemical pollution "weekend effect"

IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RIVER SYSTEM—Case Study of shanghai,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第2期16卷 102-108页

作者： Philip JAMES Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Greater Manchester M5 4WT UK

Urbanization can affect the physical process of river growth, modify stream structure and further influence the functions of river system. shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, which is located in Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta in China. Since the 1970s, the whole river system in shanghai has been planned and managed by the shanghai Water Authority. The primary management objectives in the last 30 years have been to enhance irrigation and flood-control. By using Horton-Strahler classification and Horton laws as a reference, a novel method of stream classification, in conjunction with the traditional and specially designed indicators, was applied to understanding the structure and functions of the river system in shanghai. Correlation analysis was used to identify the interrelations among indicators. It was found that the impact of urbanization on the river system was significant although natural laws and physical characteristics marked a super-developed river system. There was an obvious correlation between the degree of urbanization and the abnormal values of some indicators. Urbanization impacts on river system such as branches engineered out, riverbank concreting and low diversity of river style were widely observed. Each indicator had distinct sensibility to urbanization so they could be used to describe different characteristics of urban river system. The function indicators were significantly related to structure indicators. Stream structure, described by fractal dimension and complexity of river system, was as important as water area ratio for maintaining river’s multi-function.

关键词： river system stream classification Horton law urbanization shanghai

Design of wide-range energy material beamline at the shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第2期29卷 91-102页

作者： Zhen-Hua Chen Fan-Fei Sun Ying Zou Fei Song Shuo Zhang Zheng Jiang Yong Wang Ren-Zhong Tai shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

We report the design of a wide-range energy material beamline(E-line) with multiple experimental techniques at the shanghai Synchrotron Radiation *** undulators consisted of an elliptically polarizing undulator and in-vacuum undulator that generate the soft and hard X-rays, respectively. The beamline covered a wide energy range from 130 to 18 ke V with both a high photon flux([ 10^(12) phs/s with exit silt 30 lm in soft X-ray and [ 5 9 10^(12) phs/s in hard X-ray within 0.1%BW bandwidth) and promising resolving power(maximum E/DE [ 15,000 in soft X-ray with exit silt 30 lm and [6000 in hard X-ray). Moreover, the beam spots from the soft and hard X-rays were focused to the same sample position with a high overlap ratio, so that the surfaces, interfaces, and bulk properties were characterized in situ by changing the probing depth.

关键词： Synchrotron radiation Beamline Wide energy range E-line shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Transportation Characteristics Change under Rapid Urban Expansion:A Case Study of shanghai

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Chinese Geographical Science 2010年第6期20卷 554-561页

作者： LI Ye YE Jianhong CHEN Xiaohong Mohamed A ABDEL-ATY P E CEN Min School of Transportation Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction EngineeringUniversity of Central FloridaFlorida 32816-2450USA

This paper focuses on the economic development and urban morphology as well as its impact on the transportation system during the urban expansion of shanghai in the last more than 20 years(1986-2008).Based on data from 3 comprehensive transport surveys of shanghai since 1986,the changes in residential trip demand,vehicle use,and the spatial distribution of trips were studied to understand the demands on the transportation *** factors contributing to those changes in transportation demand were discussed,by which the conclusions were arrived:1) economic development promotes population growth and stimulates residential trip demand greatly;2) unsynchronized migration of population and job from central district to periphery district of shanghai make trips and congestion diffuse in the same way;and 3) urban sprawl from a city center encourages the single-occupant vehicle mode,which imposes greater pressure on the roadway *** is concluded that urban development should coordinate with the transportation system planning and expansion.

关键词： transportation urban expansion urban morphology shanghai

STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBANIZATION SPEED AND CHANGE IN SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL OVER shanghai

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2013年第1期19卷 97-103页

作者：梁萍丁一汇何金海汤绪 shanghai Climate Center National Climate Center Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology shanghai Meteorological Bureau

Using daily rainfall data of 11 observatory stations over shanghai for the period 1960-2007,the spatial differences of rainfall over the shanghai region during periods with slow and rapid urbanization respectively are investigated based on spatial standard deviation of rainfall and its relative *** show that spatial differences increase with the acceleration of *** distributions of annual rainfall and rainstorm frequency exhibit distinct urban 'rain-island' features during the rapid period of urbanization(1960-1983) while it is opposite in the case of slow urbanization(1984-2007).Changes in the spatial distribution of annual rainfall trends also take place during different ***,the variation of annual rainfall exhibits consistent trends over the shanghai region in the slow urbanization ***,inconsistent spatial distribution of variations has taken place over the central districts and suburbs of shanghai during the rapid urbanization *** the speeding-up of urbanization,the annual rainfall amount over central districts of shanghai tends to increase while that in the suburbs shows a decreasing *** addition,as far as different seasons are concerned,the speed of urbanization exerts insignificant influences on the spatial distribution of rainfall during winter and *** the contrary,the rainfall during summer and autumn(especially summer) is featured with an island effect during the rapid urbanization period.

关键词： urbanization spatial normalization rainfall spatial distribution shanghai

DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF SUMMER PRECIPITATION IN shanghai

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2019年第3期25卷 414-420页

作者： HOU Yi-ling CHEN Bao-de Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology Nanjing 210044 China Shenyang Regional Climate Center Shenyang 110166 China shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030 China

This paper investigates the diurnal variations of summer precipitation in shanghai by using the city’s hourly precipitation data over a span of 35 years. The result shows that the precipitation peaks twice, i.e., in the morning and in the afternoon. Precipitation in the morning is characterized by light to moderate rain, and that in the afternoon by heavy to super heavy rain. The peak of short-duration precipitation is mostly found in the afternoon and at dusk, and that of long-duration precipitation in the morning. Most of the precipitation events in shanghai are of a short duration of2-3 hours. Basically, the precipitation is spatially distributed in three areas: the eastern coastal and central urban area,where the precipitation peaks mostly in the afternoon, the southern coastal area, where the precipitation peaks both in the afternoon and during the night, and the western area, where long-duration precipitation accounts for a much larger proportion than the other two areas.

关键词： diurnal variation summer precipitation climate pattern shanghai

FIVE ISLANDS EFFECTS OF shanghai URBAN CLIMATE

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Science China Chemistry 1990年第1期33卷 67-78页

作者：周淑贞 Department of Geography East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 PRC

By combining the anthropogenic condition (the change of urban surface nature, the emission of anthropogenic heat and pollutant) and the weather condition (the large-scale air circulation and local weather situation), the author clarified the formative processes, features and relationship of the five islands (heat island, dry island, moisture island, rain island and turbidity island) effects of shanghai urban climate. This research is not only important to the theoretical problem of how the man’s activities influence the climate, but also provides scientific basis for urban weather prediction, urban air pollution protection and urban design.

关键词： urban climate shanghai climate effects.