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Trained innate immunity and human adenovirus infection as a novel mechanism linked to the severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis 2022年第2期1卷 145-148页

作者： Lingyao Du Jiayi Wang Lang Bai Hong Tang Center of Infectious Diseases West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina

1|OUTBREAK OF severe acute hepatitis OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN IN CHILDREN severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children was first reported by the United Kingdom to the World Health Organization on April 5,***,650 probable cases were reported worldwide by May 26,2022,1 and four patients were analyzed after reviewing the clinical records of a children's hospital in Alabama since October 1,2021.2 Although most patients recovered,the disease progressed to acute liver failure in several patients,who further required liver transplantation;thus,additional research is required to determine the disease pathogenesis.

关键词： adenovirus child innate immunity severe acute hepatitis unknown etiology

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Virological course of hepatitis A virus as determined by real time RT-PCR: Correlation with biochemical, immunological and genotypic profiles

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4683-4688页

作者： Zahid Hussain Bhudev C Das Syed A Husain Sunil K Polipalli Tanzeel Ahmed Nargis Begum Subhash Medhi Alice Verghese Mohammad Raish Apiradee Theamboonlers Yong Poovorawan Premashis Kar PCR hepatitis Laboratory Department of Medicine Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew Delhi 110002India Human Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of BiosciencesJamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi 110025India Division of Molecular Oncology Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology (ICMR)NoidaSector 39Uttar PradeshIndia Human Genetics Laboratory Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi 110025India PCR hepatitis Laboratory Department of Medicine Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew Delhi 110002India Advance Center for AIDS National Institute of Communicable Diseases New Delhi 110041India Viral hepatitis Research Unit Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineChulalolongkorn University and HospitalRama Ⅳ RoadBangkok 10330Thailand PCR hepatitis Laboratory Department of Medicine Maulana Azad Medical College New Delhi 110002India

AIM： To undertake analysis of hepatitis A viral load, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and viral genotypes with duration of viremia, and to correlate these parameters with CD4^＋/ CD8^＋ lymphocyte populations that control cell-mediated immunity. METHODS： Cell counts were carried out using fresh whole blood collected in EDTA vials using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. hepatitis A virus （HAV） RNA was extracted from blood serum, reverse transcribed into cDNA and quantified by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction and was genotyped. RESULTS： Among 11 patients, 10 could be analyzed completely. Of these, 3 had severe acute hepatitis （s-AH） and the remainder had a self-limited acute hepatitis A （AHA）, with one patient with fulminant disease （encephalopathy Grade IV） dying on the 4^th d. The ALT level was significantly higher both in AHA （1070.9±894.3; P = 0.0014） and s-AH （1713.9±886.3; P = 0.001） compared to normal controls （23.6±7.2）. The prothrombin time in s-AH patients （21.0 ±2.0; P=0.02） was significantly higher than in AHA （14.3±1.1;P = 0.44）. The CD4^＋/CD8^＋ ratio in AHA patients （1.17 ＋ 0.11; P = 0.22） and s-AH （0.83 ＋ 0.12; P = 0.0002） were lower than seen in normal healthy controls （1.52）. Self-limited cases had peak viral load at the beginning of analysis while in s-AH patients this occurred at the 15TM or 30^th d. In acute and severe groups, one patient each belonged to genotype IA, with the remaining 8 cases belonging to genotype IIIA. The only fulminant hepatic failure case belonged to genotype IA. HAV viral load and AIT values collected during the entire course of the selflimited infection were directly correlated but this was not the case for s-AH patients.CONCLUSION： Based on a small-scale study, the persistently higher viral load of s-AH might be due to diminished cellular immunity and hemolysis. The duration of viremia was dependent on the host, as the viral genotype had no apparent role in clinical outcome of AVH and s-AH cases.

关键词： Viral load Real-time PCR Immunologicalresponse severe acute hepatitis Self-limited acute henatitis

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Human adenovirus(HAdV)infection in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Guangzhou,China,2010–2021:a molecular epidemiology study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第8期18卷 545-552页

作者： Yi Chen Tao Lin Chang‑Bing Wang Wan‑Li Liang Guang‑Wan Lian Mark Zanin Sook‑San Wong Xin‑Gui Tian Jia‑Yu Zhong Ying‑Ying Zhang Jia‑Hui Xie Ling‑Ling Zheng Fei‑Yan Chen Run Dang Ming‑Qi Zhao Yi‑Yu Yang Rong Zhou Bing Zhu Center Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Intensive Care Unit Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120China Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 510120China

Background Human adenovirus(HAdV)infection can cause a variety of *** is a major pathogen of pediatric acute respiratory tract infections(ARIs)and can be life-threatening in younger *** described the epidemiology and subtypes shifting of HAdV among children with ARI in Guangzhou,*** We conducted a retrospective study of 161,079 children diagnosed with acute respiratory illness at the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center between 2010 and *** specimens were detected by real-time PCR and the hexon gene was used for phylogenetic *** Before the COVID-19 outbreak in Guangzhou,the annual frequency of adenovirus infection detected during this period ranged from 3.92%to 13.58%,with an epidemic peak every four to fve *** demonstrated a clear seasonal distribution,with the lowest positivity in March and peaking during summer(July or August)every year.A signifcant increase in HAdV cases was recorded for 2018 and 2019,which coincided with a shift in the dominant HAdV subtype from HAdV-3 to *** latter was associated with a more severe disease compared to *** average mortality proportion for children infected with HAdV from 2016 to 2019 was 0.38%but increased to 20%in severe *** COVID-19 emerged,HAdV cases dropped to 2.68%,suggesting that non-pharmaceutical interventions probably reduced the transmission of HAdV in the *** Our study provides the foundation for the understanding of the epidemiology of HAdV and its associated risks in children in Southern China.

关键词： acute respiratory tract infection Children Human adenovirus severe acute hepatitis Southern China

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