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Epidemiological Features of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Catering Service Facilities—China,2010–2020

China CDC weekly 2023年第22期5卷 479-484页

作者： Donglei Lu Jikai Liu Hong Liu Yunchang Guo Yue Dai Junhua Liang Lili Chen Lizi Xu Ping Fu Ning Li Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShanghaiChina China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment BeijingChina Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanjing CityJiangsu ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hefei CityAnhui ProvinceChina

Introduction:In terms of food preparation settings,catering Service facilities have been identified as locations with the highest incidence of foodborne disease outbreaks in China.Since 2010,the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment has established the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System(FDOSS)to monitor foodborne disease outbreaks.Consequently,data from the FDOSS has provided a more accurate depiction of the epidemic characteristics of outbreaks within these facilities.Methods:From 2010 to 2020,the FDOSS gathered data related to the prevalence of outbreaks,cases,hospitalizations,and deaths linked to foodborne disease outbreaks in catering Service facilities.This study examined the temporal and geographical distribution,pathogenic factors,and contributing variables of these outbreaks over the course of the decade.Results:From 2010 to 2020,China’s catering Service facilities reported 18,331 outbreaks,which resulted in 206,718 illnesses,68,561 hospitalizations,and 201 deaths.The second and third quarters of the year accounted for 76.12%of the outbreaks and 72.93%of the cases.The primary pathogenic factors were pathogenic organisms,which caused 4,883(26.64%)outbreaks,94,047(45.50%)cases,32,170(46.92%)hospitalizations,and 21(10.45%)deaths.There were 5,607(30.59%)outbreaks in restaurants,2,876(15.69%)outbreaks from street vendors,and 2,560(13.97%)outbreaks in employee canteens in China.Conclusions:The implementation of relevant control methods,including health education and promotion,is critical for addressing foodborne diseases in catering Service facilities.Regular food safety training sessions for restaurant personnel and managers are essential to ensuring the effective management of these health risks.

关键词： Service restaurant facilities

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To Include Dyslipidemia Management into National Basic Public Health Service: from Project Practice to Policy

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China CDC weekly 2022年第36期4卷 811-814页

作者： Yingjie Cao Zhuoqun Wang Yanfang Zhao Yuanli Liu International Health Exchange and Cooperation Center National Health CommissionBeijingChina

As cardiovascular diseases have been increasingly endangering the health and quality of life of Chinese residents,all relevant parties have been actively looking for policies and measures to effectively control the risk factors of the diseases.Hypertension and diabetes have been included in the National Basic Public Health Service Project since 2009;however,as one of the most crucial risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases,dyslipidemia has not yet been covered by the project due to various reasons.The prevalence of dyslipidemia in China increased rapidly from 18.6%in 2002 to 40.4%in 2012(1),whereas the management of dyslipidemia has been lagging behind and become the“short board”in the prevention and control of cardiocerebrovascular diseases.

关键词： prevention Basic Service

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Evaluating Behavioral Risk Factor Interventions for Hypertensive and Diabetic Patient Management in the National Basic Public Health Service Programs from 2009

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China CDC weekly 2022年第19期4卷 411-416页

作者： Liuxia Yan Ning Ji Jian Xu Min Liu Lizheng Guan Kejun Liu Ainan Jia Xianbin Ding Dan Liu Man Li Yanfang Zhao Shengquan Mi Wenhua Zhao Zhuoqun Wang Yamin Bai National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention CDC ChinaBeijingChina Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control Shenzhen CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Capital Medical University BeijingChina China National Health Development Research Center BeijingChina Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chongqing MunicipalityChina Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Epidemiology and Statistic Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human HealthHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang CityHebei ProvinceChina Beijing Union University BeijingChina National Institute for Nutrition and Health CDC ChinaBeijingChina

BACKGROUND In recent decades,China has faced a double burden of infectious diseases and noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).The number of deaths due to NCDs accounts for 88.5%of total deaths in China in 2019.To address these public health issues and improve the accessibility and affordability of primary health care,a National Basic Public Health Service Program(NBPHSP)was introduced as part of China’s healthcare reform initiated in 2009.Subsided by national and local government budgets,NBPHSP is mainly implemented by community and township health Service centers,as well as health stations in urban areas and village clinics in rural areas(1).Health management of patients with hypertension and diabetes is an integral and pivotal part of the NBPHSP.

关键词： Basic Service Program

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Efficacy and safety of bridging thrombolysis initiated before transfer in a drip-and-ship stroke Service

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第1期7卷 22-28页

作者： Jan Christoph Purrucker Miriam Heyse Simon Nagel Christoph Gumbinger Fatih Seker Markus Mohlenbruch Peter Arthur Ringleb Department of Neurology Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergBaden-WürttembergGermany Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergBaden-WürttembergGermany

Objective Data regarding the efficacy and safety of bridging thrombolysis(BT)initiated before transfer for evaluation of endovascular therapy is heterogeneous.We,therefore,analyse efficacy and safety of BT in patients treated within a drip-and-ship stroke Service.Methods Consecutive adult patients suffering from acute ischaemic stroke and large-vessel occlusions(LVO)transferred to our comprehensive stroke centre for evaluation of endovascular therapy in 2017–2020 were identified from a local prospective stroke database and categorised according to BT and no-BT.BT was defined as intravenous thrombolysis initiated before transfer.LVO was assessed before and after transfer.Functional outcome before stroke and at 3 months using the modified Rankin scale(mRS)was determined.Excellent outcome was defined as mRS 0–1 or return to prestroke mRS.For safety analysis,intracranial haemorrhages and mortality at 3 months were analysed.Main analysis was limited to patients with anterior circulation stroke.Results Of N=714 patients,n=394(55.2%)received BT.More patients in the BT group with documented LVO before transfer recanalised without endovascular therapy(n=46,11.7%)than patients who did not receive BT before transfer(n=4,1.3%,p<0.001).In multivariate analysis,BT was the strongest independent predictor of early recanalisation(adjusted OR 10.9,95%CI 3.8 to 31.1,p<0.001).BT tended to be an independent predictor of an excellent outcome at 3 months(adjusted OR 1.38,95%CI 0.97 to 1.96,p=0.077).There were no differences in safety between the BT and no-BT groups.Conclusions BT initiated before transfer was a strong independent predictor of early recanalisation.

关键词： drip initiated Service

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Future forestation in China should aim to align the temporal Service window of the forest carbon sink with the“carbon neutrality”strategy

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第12期66卷 2971-2976页

作者： Hao XU Chao YUE Shilong PIAO College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

1.Introduction Carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems worldwide dominates the current global terrestrial carbon sink,offsetting approximately 26% of global anthropogenic carbon emissions annually(Pan et al.,2011).

关键词： Service annually forest

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Evaluation of increasing Service life of epoxy zinc-rich coating on 3 wt.%Ni-advanced low-alloy steel in marine atmospheric environment

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第4期29卷 698-706页

作者： Sheng-rong Wang Jian-wei Yang Jian-ping Cao Shan Jiang Fei-fan Xu Shougang Research Institute of Technology of Shougang Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100043China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recyclable Process for Iron&Steel Production Technology Beijing 100043China

The addition of Ni element into steel to prolong the Service life of coated steel was investigated in marine atmospheric environment by laboratory simulated accelerated experiment.The scanning electron microscope and electron probe microanalysis combined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize coated steel properties and examined the anti-corrosion performance.The results showed that 3 wt.%Ni-advanced steel(3Ni steel)substrate obviously delayed the failure time of coating compared to carbon steel,therefore prolonging the Service life of coating on the steel.X-ray diffraction patterns for the corrosion products under the scratched coating on 3Ni steel exhibited that FeNi_(2)O_(4) and Fe_(2)O_(3) occurred in the corrosion product of 3Ni steel.It was also found that Ni element enriched in the product layer through analyzing the appearance and composition of corrosion products by electron probe micro-analysis.Chloride ions were blocked out of product by the enrichment of Ni element in rust layer.

关键词： 3wt.% Ni-advanced low-alloy steel Coating failure Service life Corrosion product Marine atmosphere

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Research advances on blockchain-as-a-Service:architectures,applications and challenges

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第4期8卷 466-475页

作者： Jie Song Pengyi Zhang Mohammed Alkubati Yubin Bao Ge Yu Software College Northeastern University Shenyang110819China School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

Due to the complexity of blockchain technology,it usually costs too much effort to build,maintain and monitor a blockchain system that supports a targeted application.To this end,the emerging“Blockchain as a Service”(BaaS)makes the blockchain and distributed ledgers more accessible,particularly for businesses,by reducing costs and overheads.BaaS combines the high computing power of cloud computing,the pervasiveness of IoT and the decentralization of blockchain,allowing people to build their own applications while ensuring the transparency and openness of the system.This paper surveys the research outputs of both academia and industry.First,it introduces the representative architectures of BaaS systems and then summarizes the research contributions of BaaS from the technologies for Service provision,roles,container and virtualization,interfaces,customization and evaluation.The typical applications of BaaS in both academic and practical domains are also introduced.At present,the research on the blockchain is abundant,but research on BaaS is still in its infancy.Six challenges of BaaS are concluded in this paper for further study directions.

关键词： Blockchain as a Service Blockchain Service Internet of things Cloud computing

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Mental health-related healthcare Service utilisation and psychotropic drug dispensation trends in British Columbia during COVID-19 pandemic:a population-based study

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General Psychiatry 2023年第1期36卷 50-57页

作者： Moe Zandy Sylvia El Kurdi Hasina Samji Geoff McKee Reka Gustafson Kate Smolina BC Centre for Disease Control VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada School of Population and Public Health The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada BC Children's Hospital Research Institute VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population’s mental health is vital for informing public health policy and decision-making.However,information on mental health-related healthcare Service utilisation trends beyond the first year of the pandemic is limited.Aims We examined mental health-related healthcare Service utilisation patterns and psychotropic drug dispensations in British Columbia,Canada,during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prepandemic period.Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based secondary analysis using administrative health data to capture outpatient physician visits,emergency department visits,hospital admissions and psychotropic drug dispensations.We examined time trends of mental health-related healthcare Service utilisation and psychotropic drug dispensations between January to December 2019(prepandemic period)and January 2020 to December 2021(pandemic period).In addition,we calculated age-standardised rates and rate ratios to compare mental health-related healthcare Service utilisation before and during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic,stratified by year,sex,age and condition.Results By late 2020,except for emergency department visits,utilisation of healthcare Services recovered to prepandemic levels.Between 2019 and 2021,the monthly average rate for overall mental health-related outpatient physician visits,emergency department visits and psychotropic drug dispensations increased significantly by 24%,5%and 8%,respectively.Notable and statistically significant increases were observed among 10–14 year-olds(44%in outpatient physician visits,30%in emergency department visits,55%in hospital admissions and 35%in psychotropic drug dispensations)and 15–19 year-olds(45%in outpatient physician visits,14%in emergency department visits,18%in hospital admissions and 34%in psychotropic drug dispensations).Additionally,these increases were more prominent among females than males,with some variation for specific mental health-related conditions.Conclusions

关键词： Service consequences Canada

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The Impact of a Health Forecasting Service on the Visits and Costs in Outpatient and Emergency Departments for COPD Patients--Shanghai Municipality,China,October 2019–April 2020

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China CDC weekly 2021年第23期3卷 495-499页

作者： Xiaofang Ye Zhitao Li Xin Zhou Xiaonan Ruan Tao Lin Ji Zhou Dandan Yang Sixu Yang Xiaodan Chen Kang Wu Xiaonan Wang Juzhong Ke Xiaolin Liu Li Peng Li Luo Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health Shanghai Meteorological ServiceShanghaiChina Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghaiChina Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention ShanghaiChina Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine ShanghaiChina School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

What is already known on this topic?The morbidity and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is associated with adverse weather and air pollution.However,COPD patients are not able to be alerted in advance of high risk environments.What is added by this report?This prospective controlled trial conducted in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from October 2019 to April 2020 provided evidence of COPD risk forecasting Service on the reductions in visits and costs of COPD patients in outpatient and emergency departments in China for the first time.What are the implications for public health practice?This study suggests that COPD risk forecasting Service could be integrated into existing COPD management in public health to improve the health and economic outcomes.

关键词： mortality forecasting Service

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Health Facilities and Treatment Service Models of the National Tuberculosis Program—China,2010−2020

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China CDC weekly 2021年第13期3卷 274-278页

作者： Xin Du Tao Li Xiaoqiu Liu Yanlin Zhao National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention China

Summary What is already known about this topic?A new tuberculosis(TB)treatment Service model called“trinity model”has been adopted in China since 2010 but the implementation coverage is still unknown.What is added by this report?In 2020,more than one-third(36.5%)of health facilities diagnosed less than 100 TB cases,about onefourth(25.5%)diagnosed 100 to 200 cases,and 94 health facilities diagnosed more than 800 cases.

关键词： cases tuberculosis Service

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