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Progress and challenges in the architecture and service pattern of Earth Observation sensor web for Digital Earth

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第12期7卷 935-951页

作者： Nengcheng Chen Xu Chen Ke Wang Xiaoguang Niu State Key Laboratory for Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityWuhanChina State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina School of Computer Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina

The Earth Observation(EO)web is the data acquisition and processing network for digital *** EO web including Data web and sensor web has become one of the most important aspects of the Digital Earth *** paper summarised the history of the development and status quo of the major types of EO data web service systems,including architecture,service pattern and *** concepts,development and implementation of the EO sensor web were ***,we analysed the requirements on the architecture of the next-generation EO sensor web system,namely Space-borne-Airborne-Ground integrated Intelligent EO sensor web system,and highlighted the virtualization,intelligent,pervasive and active development tendency of such system.

关键词： earth observation observation web sensor web service pattern system architecture

Using Linked Data in a heterogeneous sensor web: challenges, experiments and lessons learned

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第1期8卷 17-37页

作者： Liang Yu Yong Liu Urban Systems Initiative Institute for Infocomm ResearchSingaporeSingapore Microsoft Corporation RedmondWAUSA

Abundant sensor data are now available online from a wealth of sources,which greatly enhance research efforts on the Digital *** combination of distributed sensor networks and expanding citizen-sensing capabilities provides a more synchronized image of earth’s social and physical ***,it remains difficult for researchers to use such heterogeneous sensor webs for scientific applications since data are published by following different standards and protocols and are in arbitrary *** this paper,we investigate the core challenges faced when consuming multiple sources for environmental applications using the Linked Data *** design and implement a system to achieve better data interoperability and integration by republishing real-world data into linked geo-sensor *** contributions include presenting:(1)best practices of re-using and matching the W3C Semantic sensor Network(SSN)ontology and other popular ontologies for heterogeneous data modeling in the water resources application domain,(2)a newly developed spatial analysis tool for creating links,and(3)a set of RESTful OGC sensor Observation Service(SOS)like Linked Data *** results show how a Linked sensor web can be built and used within the integrated water resource decision support application domain.

关键词： Linked Data sensor web geospatial data integration ontology integrated water resources decision support

Digital Earth’s Nervous System for crisis events:real-time sensor web Enablement of Volunteered Geographic Information

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第3期3卷 242-259页

作者： Bertrand De Longueville Alessandro Annoni Sven Schade Nicole Ostlaender Ceri Whitmore Institute for Environment and Sustainability Joint Research Centrevia E.Fermi1T.P.262Ispra 21020Italy

Digital Earth(DE)is a powerful metaphor for the organisation and access to digital information through a multi-scale three-dimensional representation of the *** progress gave a concrete body to this ***,this body is not yet self-aware:further integration of the temporal and voluntary dimension is needed to better portray the event-based nature of our *** thus aim to extend DE vision with a Nervous System in order to provide decision makers with improved alerting *** applications are foreseen for crisis management,where up-to-date situational awareness is *** it is traditionally built through trusted sources,citizens can play a complementary role by providing geo-referenced information known as Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI).Although workflows have been implemented to create,validate and distribute VGI datasets for various thematic domains,its exploitation in real time and its integration into existing concepts of DE,such as spatial data infrastructures,still needs to be further *** this paper we suggest to bridge this gap through sensor web Enablement for VGI,where VGI sensing becomes a sense of the DE’s Nervous *** discuss this approach and its applicability in the context of a forest fire scenario.

关键词： sensor web VGI SDI crisis Digital Earth’s Nervous System

Integration of hydrological observations into a Spatial Data Infrastructure under a sensor web environment

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2013年第S2期6卷 22-40页

作者： Zhong Zheng Nengcheng Chen Pengfei Li Wei Wang State Key Lab for Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote SensingWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Various sensors connected to the World Wide web are used to obtain real-time hydrological ***,real-time management and utilization of such distributed in situ observations in the cyber-physical environment becomes possible.A sensor Observation Service(SOS)chaining web Feature Service(WFS)method is proposed to integrate geographical reference observation data collected by a hydrological sensor web into a virtual *** method hides the complexity of a series of information and service models in the sensor web realm to enable the integration of heterogeneous distributed hydrological data sources into a Spatial Data Infrastructure(SDI).The core components-a dynamic schema transformer and automatic information extractor-were designed and *** SOS schema is matched to WFS schema that uses the schema transformer *** information extractor extracts and serves features automatically,conforming to standard SOS operations for observation retrieval and *** experiments conducted on the Jinsha River tested this proposed *** show that the proposed approach allows the integration of SOS servers into legacy applications that have a higher degree of availability within many ***,this is accompanied with the drawback that only a limited part of the SOS functionality is available to clients.

关键词： sensor web data management service middleware sensor Observation Service web Feature Service

The sensor web:systems of sensor systems

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2009年第1期2卷 16-30页

作者： T.L.van Zyl I.Simonis G.McFerren ICT4EO The Meraka InstituteJohannesburgSouth Africa

Global Earth Observing System of Systems(GEOSS)presents a great challenge of System of Systems integration across organisational and political *** existing paradigm that can address the scale of the challenge is that of the sensor *** this paradigm,the internet is evolving into an active,macro sensing instrument,capable of drawing sensory data from around the globe to the fingertips of *** sensor web will support scientific research and facilitate transparent political decision *** article presents some of the technologies explored and activities engaged in by the GEOSS sensor web community,towards achieving GEOSS goals.

关键词： sensor web digital earth architecture earth observation data acquisition systems of systems

Metadata requirements analysis for the emerging sensor web

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2009年第S1期2卷 3-17页

作者： Liping Di Karen L.Moe Genong(Eugene)Yu Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems(CSISS) George Mason University6301 Ivy LnSuite 620GreenbeltMD 20770USA Earth System Technology Office NASA/GSFC MS Code 407GreenbeltMD 20771USA

The sensor web has emerged from Earth Science research with the development of web technology,to achieve process automation,sensor interoperation,and service *** promises require the discovery of the right sensor at the right time and the right location with the right ***,for sensor,platform,and data,are crucial for achieving such ***,analysis and practical use of these metadata reveals that the metadata and their associations are not applicable or suitable for the sensor *** shortfalls are(1)the nonstandard metadata expression language;(2)the missing link between sensor and domain knowledge;(3)the insufficiency in the information for geographic locating and sensor tasking;and(4)the enhanced requirements on the quality,security,and ownership of both sensors and their sensed *** paper reviews the current standards that have metadata components for the sensor and its platform,especially those from ISO TC211,Open Geospatial Consortium Inc.,and The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Change Master Directory.A recommendation on metadata that meets the requirement of crossmission sensor discovery in a pervasive web environment is derived from *** recommendation addresses issues on language formalization,sensor geolocation,semantics,quality,and *** of the emerging semantic web technology for enabling robust discovery of sensor are discussed.

关键词： sensor web geospatial standards metadata interoperation semantic web

sensor web关键技术研究 ——以生态环境监测应用为例

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Sensor Web关键技术研究 ——以生态环...

作者：许虎南昌航空大学

学位级别：硕士

随着传感网络技术的飞速发展和应用领域的不断拓展，各数据生产部门纷纷开展传感网络在生态环境、气候变化及灾害预警等领域的应用研究，形成了海量的传感网络数据资产。长期以来，由于应用需求及投资规模不同，以及缺乏整体规划，各部... 详细信息

随着传感网络技术的飞速发展和应用领域的不断拓展，各数据生产部门纷纷开展传感网络在生态环境、气候变化及灾害预警等领域的应用研究，形成了海量的传感网络数据资产。长期以来，由于应用需求及投资规模不同，以及缺乏整体规划，各部门采用的感知设备、数据采集、数据处理、数据存储方式以及数据传输协议等方面差异很大，导致现存的传感网络资源分散在不同的组织或者部门中，不能互通互联，从而形成大量“信息孤岛”。因此，如何解决传感网络的异构性，推动感知数据资源跨组织、跨区域高效共享和分发成为传感网络应用领域亟待解决的关键问题。web2.0技术的迅猛发展，为感知数据的高效共享和集成提供了新的解决思路，通过web发现、访问和使用各种类型的传感资源，对传感网络数据资源的集约利用和信息服务系统构建具有重要意义。本文在全面总结现存的较通用传感万维网络软件平台的基础上，对比几种典型全球感测网（sensor web）实现方案，研究开放地理空间联盟（Open Geospatial Consortium，OGC）制定的sensor web整合框架（sensor web Enablement，SWE）系列标准，提出一种通用的sensorweb体系架构。体系结构包括感知层，虚拟传感层，应用服务层，协调层和应用层，并对体系结构中服务层的核心服务，即传感器监测服务、规划服务、预警服务和web通知服务进行重点研究。通过解析SWE信息模型编码标准规范，对其进行裁剪和扩充制定适合于生态环境监测的传感器及其观测信息描述语言编码模型。结合SWE服务的实现规范，定义各核心服务交互模型，并采用分层的方式设计实现。基于OGC web目录服务标准规范，课题扩展观测对象管理服务，实现传感资源的注册、发现和管理等功能。课题为集成异构传感网络数据和服务资源提供统一的标准，为实现传感网络间共享资源提供一种符合技术发展趋势、比较完备可靠的解决方案。基于上述研究成果，结合南昌航空大学后山环境质量监测应用，在构建的系统平台上进行sensor web技术实验和相关的服务测试，验证本文研究和设计的sensor web平台在面向生态环境监测应用中异构系统集成和传感资源及服务共享解决方案的可行性。

关键词： sensor web 传感网络 SWE

面向林业监测的sensor web研究与应用

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面向林业监测的Sensor Web研究与应用

作者：曾宣皓中国林业科学研究院

学位级别：硕士

随着林业监测应用需求的不断增强,林业监测部门纷纷开展传感器网络在林业资源、环境、灾害等方面的应用研究,形成了各种各样传感器网络。由于构建这些传感器网络的标准不统一,使得这些网络分散在不同的的部门中,成为一个个的信息“孤岛... 详细信息

随着林业监测应用需求的不断增强,林业监测部门纷纷开展传感器网络在林业资源、环境、灾害等方面的应用研究,形成了各种各样传感器网络。由于构建这些传感器网络的标准不统一,使得这些网络分散在不同的的部门中,成为一个个的信息“孤岛”,很难将它们互联在一起,达到资源有效分配、共享的目的。因此,传感器网络的异质性严重制约林业监测应用的发展。为了解决林业监测应用中传感器网络标准不统一,难以互联共享的问题,本文在充分对比分析现有通用传感器网络平台,研究OGC(Open Geospatial Consortium)规范的传感器网络整合框架(SWE sensor web Enablement)的系列标准基础上,结合林业应用提出了面向林业监测的sensor web的体系架构。体系结构包含基础架构层、服务层、辅助开发层、应用层。本文对于上述的体系结构中服务层的核心服务,即传感器监测服务和传感器管理服务进行了重点研究。通过分析SWE中的信息模型的编码标准和服务的实现规范,定义了传感器监测服务的基本操作,并且采用分层的方式设计和实现。结合web目录服务标准规范,扩展了传感器网络管理服务,实现了传感器网络节点的注册、发现管理功能。为异构的传感器网络的数据和服务提供统一的标准。为实现传感器网络之间的数据共享和应用,提供了一种符合技术发展趋势、比较完备可行的解决方案。基于上述研究成果建立了sensor web技术示范平台原型,通过天津八仙山国家自然保护区的生态监测应用,进行应用开发和部署,开展了相关技术的服务测试。验证了本文研究和设计的sensor web平台在面向林业监测中异构的传感器网络的统一管理和服务获取是可行的。

关键词：传感器网络 sensor web 开放地理空间联盟面向服务架构

基于sensor web的环境监测研究与应用

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基于Sensor Web的环境监测研究与应用

作者：李丽萍南昌航空大学

学位级别：硕士

随着环境监测传感网络应用需求的持续驱动，以及感知设备软、硬件成本的进一步降低，地球资源环境各领域将部署和实施大量资源环境监测传感网络应用，如何将分散在全球空、天、地各个角落的地学感知网络资源进行无缝集成与数据共享，已... 详细信息

随着环境监测传感网络应用需求的持续驱动，以及感知设备软、硬件成本的进一步降低，地球资源环境各领域将部署和实施大量资源环境监测传感网络应用，如何将分散在全球空、天、地各个角落的地学感知网络资源进行无缝集成与数据共享，已成为当前地球资源环境监测研究领域的重要课题。由于环境监测传感网络应用需求的多样性及其技术体系的复杂性，可以预见在短期内将出现大量“异构”、“多源”时空数据流，然而在决策过程中单一感知数据流往往无法满足精准决策之需求。以地质灾害监测预警为例，其决策过程不仅依赖于地质灾害监测传感网络提供的位移、形变等数据，还需要气象监测传感网络提供的降雨量、风速、风向等数据，以及水文监测传感网络提供的水位、流速等信息。因此，实现多源异构时空数据流的集成与共享是地学传感网络应用的本质需求。早在2001年，开放地理空间信息联盟（Open Geospatial Consortium，OGC）就准确预见到地学传感网络领域的数据互操作问题，并专门成立了SWE（sensor webEnablement，SWE）工作组，旨在制订可从web上发现、访问、分析和融合感知数据资源的sensor web标准规范。sensor web为异构传感网络的数据集成与共享提供基础设施，使得用户可通过互联网来访问异构感知数据。本课题重点研究适用于环境监测传感网络数据流集成与共享的关键技术，其主要研究内容如下：（1）综述了环境监测的研究背景、监测技术的发展、国内外研究现状和研究意义。（2）在深入分析OGC SWE规范的基础上，结合南昌航空大学后山环境监测应用实际需求设计面向生态环境监测的sensor web的体系结构，包括感知网络层、数据层、应用服务层和环境监测应用层四层。（3）设计并软件实现sensor web共享服务的接口与规范，提供服务的接口定义、描述及发现机制，提供的服务主要包括目录管理服务、时空数据流查询服务、数据流订阅及通知服务等。（4）以南昌航空大学卧龙山生态环境监测传感网络的数据流集成与共享为例对sensor web体系结构及原型系统进行有效性验证。（5）结合sensor web环境监测研究现状，指出sensor web研究面临的挑战，并对sensor web技术未来发展趋势进行展望。

关键词： sensor web 环境监测 SWE 传感器观测服务SOS