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Stability of water yield in watersheds

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 483-496页

作者： Yu YAN Zhiyong LIU Xiaohong CHEN Liyan HUANG Center for Water Resources and Environment School of Civil EngineeringSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai519082China

The hydrological system of a watershed is intricately influenced by both underlying characteristics and climate conditions.Understanding the variability in water yield is essential for effective water resources management and water security in the context of changing environments.In this study,we adopted the Budyko framework and leveraged simulations from the CMIP6 model to investigate the compensation effects of climate and underlying characteristics on watershed water yield.Based on Taylor expansion and Budyko framework,we estimated the sensitivity of watershed water yield to climate and underlying characteristics(the first-and second-order partial derivatives).By combining external watershed characteristics(e.g.,water yield ratios and underlying characteristics)with internal sensitivity coefficients,this study further used vine copula and principal component analysis to quantify the stability of watershed water yield.Our findings show:(1)Water-yield changes related to underlying characteristics could be offset by climate-related water-yield changes across all climate zones,maintaining the water yield ratio steady(i.e.,the compensation effects).(2)However,global watersheds will turn more sensitive to underlying characteristics and less sensitive to climate variation in the future.Both climate-and underlying-related Sensitivities increase in watersheds with arid climates.(3)The stability of watershed water yield will gradually diminish in the future.From 1901–1950to 2051–2100,the global stability of 280 watersheds drops from 0.054 to 0.021(i.e.,stability index identified by the joint probability).Particularly,the largest change in stability of water yield reaches-0.347±0.18 in arid regions.In semi-arid,semihumid,and humid regions,the changes are-0.039±0.010,-0.028±0.005,and-0.005±0.002,respectively.The findings provide a reference for the future sustainable water resources development under climate change,highlighting the vulnerability of the water resources in arid and semi-arid watersheds.

关键词： Hydrological system stability Compensation effects on water yield Sensitivities Budyko-Fu decomposition framework Global watersheds

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Quantitative analysis　of　light　Sensitivities　in　central　30-degree　visual　field　　of　normal　Chinese　an

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Chinese Medical Journal 1997年第2期110卷 129-133页

作者：李毅吴振中蒋幼芹 DepartmentsofPathologyandOphthalmology UniversityofWaslutngtonSeattleWA9

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Ｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｌｉｇｈｔｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｉｎｃｅｎｔｒａｌ３０－ｄｅｇｒｅｅｖｉｓｕａｌｆｉｅｌｄｏｆｎｏｒｍａｌＣｈｉｎｅｓｅａｎｄｇｌａｕｃｏｍａｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓＬｉＹｉ李毅，ＷｕＺｈｅｎｚｈｏｎｇ吴振中ａ...

关键词：吴振中 central degree visual light Sensitivities normal analysis Chinese Quantitative

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The mass-balance characteristics and Sensitivities to climate variables of Laohugou Glacier No.12,western Qilian Mountains,China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2017年第6期9卷 631-641页

作者： JiZu Chen ShiChang Kang Xiang Qin WenTao Du WeiJun Sun YuShuo Liu Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecological Environment State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric SciencesNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of CAS Beijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100085China College of Population Resources and EnvironmentShandong Normal UniversityJinanShandong 250014China

Due to global warming, glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) are experiencing widespread shrinkage; however, the mechanisms controlling glacier variations across the TP are still rather unclear, especially on the northeastern TP. In this study, a physically based, distributed surface-energy and mass-balance model was used to simulate glacier mass balance forced by meteorological data. The model was applied to Laohugou No. 12 Glacier, western Qilian Mountains, China, during2010~2012. The simulated albedo and mass balance were validated and calibrated by in situ measurements. The simulated annual glacier-wide mass balances were-385 mm water equivalent(w.e.) in 2010/2011 and-232 mm w.e. in 2011/2012,respectively. The mean equilibrium-line altitude(ELA) was 5,015 m a.s.l., during 2010~2012, which ascended by 215 m compared to that in the 1970 s. The mean accumulation area ratio(AAR) was 39% during the two years. Climatic-sensitivity experiments indicated that the change of glacier mass balance resulting from a 1.5 °C increase in air temperature could be offset by a 30% increase in annual precipitation. The glacier mass balance varied linearly with precipitation, at a rate of130 mm w.e. per 10% change in total precipitation.

关键词： glacier mass balance energy- and mass-balance model climate Sensitivities

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Comparison of the Sensitivities of Different PCR Assays for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates from Five Regions of Cameroon

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2015年第2期3卷 34-42页

作者： Fidelis Cho-Ngwa Irene A. Anyangwe Emiliene T. Berinyuy Henry D. Meriki Jean-Paul Assam-Assam Vincent P. Titanji Biotechnology Unit Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research Biotechnology Centre of Nkolbisson Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

The accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) has remained a major challenge in clinical laboratories world-wide. Several studies have evaluated the use of highly specific in-house PCR assays targeting the IS6110, hupB, rpoB, oxyR, and IS1081 genes in the detection of MTBC species with reports on variable Sensitivities depending on the geographical sourcing of isolates. In the present investigations, we evaluated the Sensitivities of these PCR assays on 125 MTBC cultured isolates from five (West, Centre, Littoral, North West and South West) of the ten regions of Cameroon. Of this number, 124 (99.2%), 117 (93.6%), 123 (99.1%), 119 (95.2%) and 118 (94.4%) were positive by the IS6110, hupB, rpoB, oxyR, and IS1081-based PCR assays respectively. A total of 110 (88%) of the cultured isolates were also identified as MTBC by standard biochemical tests. Of this number, 109 (99.1%), 104 (94.5%), 109 (99.1%), 106 (96.4%) and 104 (94.5%) were positive in the IS6110, hupB, rpoB, oxyR, and IS1081-based PCR assays respectively. Concordant PCR results were obtained for 108 of the 125 samples. The 15 isolates that were negative biochemically scored Sensitivities ranging from 100% (for the IS6110 assay) to 86.7% (for the hupB and oxyR assay). The combination of the IS6110 assay, which turned out to be the most sensitive, and each of the other assays gave 100% sensitivity. We conclude that the combined targeting of the IS6110 and rpoB genes is likely to yield the most sensitive PCR procedure for the diagnosis of MTBC infection in the five regions of Cameroon.

关键词： PCR-Assays Sensitivities MTB Complex

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Evaluation of Stiffened End-Plate Moment Connection through Optimized Artificial Neural Network

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2012年第3期5卷 156-167页

作者： Mehdi Ghassemieh Mohsen Nasseri School of Civil Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

This study involves the development of an analytical model for understanding the behavior of the extended, stiffened end-plate moment connections with eight high strength bolts. Modeling of the connection as an assemblage of finite elements (FE) used for load deformation analysis, with material, and contact nonlinearities are developed. Results from the FE mathematical model are verified with results from the ANSYS computer program as well as with the test results. Sensitivity and feasibility studies are carried out. Significant geometry and force related variables are introduced;and by varying the geometric variables of the connections within a practical range, a matrix of test cases is obtained. Maximum end-plate separation, maximum bending stresses in the end-plate, and the forces from the connection bolts for these test cases are obtained. From the FE analysis, a database is produced to collect results for the artificial neural network analysis. Finally, salient features of the optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN) via Genetic Algorithm (GA) analysis are introduced and implemented with the aim of predicting the overall behavior of the connection.

关键词： End-Plate Moment Connection Finite Element Method Artificial Neural Network Sensitivities Analysis Genetic Algorithm

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Hospital Acquired Infections at the Service of Pediatric Surgery in Gabriel TouréAcademic Hospital, Bamako, Mali

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第1期10卷 185-193页

作者： Y. Coulibaly O. Kone I. Amadou T. H. M. Diop O. Coulibaly A. Doumbia B. Kamaté H. Ouologuem D. Konaté M. Coulibaly B. Maiga M. I. Mangané Pediatric Surgery CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Community Health Divisions INRSP Bamako Mali Anesthesia Intensive Care University Hospital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of Pediatrics CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Introduction:?Health care-associated infection is an infection acquired during the care delivered in the hospital or in any other care establishment which was neither present, nor in incubation at the admission of the patient or at the time of delivering the care or which does not manifest itself only after the patient has been discharged or an infection contracted by the professional in the course of his duties. Objectives:?To identify mean causative germs?and to determine their sensitivity to antibiotics and to identify the risk factors of?health care-associated infection.?Material and methods:?It was about a prospective longitudinal study conducted from November 1, 2017 to April 1, 2018?(6 months) in all children admitted to the pediatric surgery service. Non-consenting parents and outpatient necrosectomy case have not been included in this study.?Results:?This study included 200 patients, of whom 30 experienced the hospital acquired infections with an infection rate of 15%. The surgical site infection was the most common type, with 16 cases (53.3%), followed by burns in 13 cases (43.3%) and urinary tract infection in 1 case (3.3%). The average age of patients with infection was 56.33 ± 48.66 months with extremes of 1 and 180 months. The sex ratio was 1.30 for infected patients and was 1.83 for uninfected patients. The main bacteria responsible for surgical site infection were: Escherichia coli?(4 cases), Acinetobacter baumanii?(3 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae?(2 cases), Staphylococcus aureus?(2 cases), Enterobacter cloacae?(1 case), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 case) and Enterobacter faecalis?(1 case). Among burn patients, the most frequent germs were: Acinetobacter baumanii?(7 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae?(6 cases), Staphylococcus aureus?(6 cases), Escherichia coli?(4 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa?(2 cases) and Enterobacter faecalis?(2 cases). Escherichia coli?was?noted only in the case of urinary tract infection. Antibiotics tested were: amoxicillin, amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone,

关键词： Infection Germs Sensitivities Risk Factors Child Mali

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An Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Ozone Concentrations in an Urban Environment

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2013年第1期3卷 11-17页

作者： Athanasios Sfetsos Diamando Vlachogiannis Nikolaos Gounaris Environmental Research Laboratory Institute of Nuclear Technology—Radiation Protection (National Centre of Scientific Research) NCSR Athens Greece

Adjoint sensitivity analysis allows to assess the areas that have the largest impact on a given receptor site. The adjoint version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ v4.5) model was employed to perform a sensitivity analysis of ground level ozone for the episodic event of June 24, 2003, in the city of Athens assuming as a receptor site that of Agia Paraskevi Station. The 3-dimensional meteorology fields calculated using the Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5, Penn State University version 3.7.2) were used to produce high resolution daily air emissions inventories for the main anthropogenic and biogenic pollutants with 1-hour time step by an in-house built processor named EMISLAB. The meteorological prediction fields in combination with the emissions inventories were consequently fed as inputs to the CMAQ model. The ozone Sensitivities were obtained with respect to pollutant concentrations and emissions. The distribution of the Sensitivities in the computational domain for different times delineated the regions where perturbations in some concentrations would result in significant changes in the ozone concentrations in the area of interest (Agia Paraskevi, in this case) at the final time. The investigation yielded that the most significant influences were the transported O3 and NOx concentrations from the industrial area in the northern parts of the city and the road traffic from the city centre.

关键词： Adjoint Model Ozone Sensitivities Emissions Urban Area

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