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Correlates of HIV self-testing among female sex workers in China: implications for expanding HIV screening

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第5期9卷 128-128页

作者： Cheng Wang Ya‑Jie Wang Joseph D.Tucker Ming‑Zhou Xiong Hong‑Yun Fu M.Kumi Smith Wei‑Ming Tang Jason J.Ong He‑Ping Zheng Bin Yang Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University GuangzhouGuangdongChina 不详

Background:Human immunodefciency virus(HIV)self-testing may help improve test uptake among female sex workers.China has implemented many HIV self-testing programs among men who have sex with men,creating an opportunity for promotion among female sex workers.However,there is a limited literature on examining HIV selftesting among female sex workers.This study aimed to examine HIV self-testing experiences and its determinants among female sex workers in China.Methods:A venue-based,cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese female sex workers in 2019.Participants completed a survey including social-demographic characteristics,sexual behaviors,and HIV self-testing history,the distribution of which were analyzed using descriptive analysis.Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify associations with HIV self-testing.Results:Among 1287 Chinese female sex workers,1072(83.3%,95%confdence interval[CI]81.2-85.3%)had ever tested for HIV,and 103(8.0%,95%CI 6.6-9.6%)had ever used HIV self-testing.More than half reported that the selftest was their frst HIV test(59.2%,61/103),around one-ffth reported HIV self-testing results infuenced the price of sex(21.4%,22/103).A minority of individuals reported ever experiencing pressure to undertake HIV self-testing(6.8%,7/103).After adjusting for covariates,HIV self-testing was positively associated with receiving anal sex in the past month(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.2,95%CI 1.4-3.5),using drugs before or during sex(aOR=2.8,95%CI 1.8-4.5),injecting drugs in the past 6 months(aOR=2.6,95%CI 1.2-6.0),being diagnosed with other sexually transmitted infections(aOR=1.6,95%CI 1.0-2.5),tested for other sexually transmitted infections in the past six months(aOR=3.4,95%CI 2.1-5.5),ever tested in the hospital(aOR=3.4,95%CI 2.0-5.6),and ever tested in the community(aOR=1.5,95%CI 1.2-1.9).Conclusions:Our fndings suggest that HIV self-testing could expand overall HIV testing uptake,increase HIV testing frequency,reach sub-groups of high-risk female sex workers and has limited p

关键词： HIV self-testing Female sex workers China

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Robustness self-testing of states and measurements in the prepare-and-measure scenario with 3 → 1 random access code

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第7期28卷 144-151页

作者：魏士慧郭奋卓李新慧温巧燕 State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China School of Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

Recently, Tavakoli et al.proposed a self-testing scheme in the prepare-and-measure scenario, showing that self-testing is not necessarily based on entanglement and violation of a Bell inequality [Phys.Rev.A 98 062307(2018)].They realized the self-testing of preparations and measurements in an N → 1(N ≥ 2) random access code(RAC), and provided robustness bounds in a 2 → 1 RAC.Since all N → 1 RACs with shared randomness are combinations of 2 → 1 and 3 → 1 RACs, the3 → 1 RAC is just as important as the 2 → 1 RAC.In this paper, we find a set of preparations and measurements in the3 → 1 RAC, and use them to complete the robustness self-testing analysis in the prepare-and-measure scenario.The method is robust to small but inevitable experimental errors.

关键词： robustness self-testing prepare-and-measure scenario 3 → 1 random access code

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Projections of the transmission of the Omicron variant for Toronto,Ontario,and Canada using surveillance data following recent changes in testing policies

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第2期7卷 83-93页

作者： Pei Yuan Elena Aruffo Yi Tan Liu Yang Nicholas HOgden Aamir Fazil Huaiping Zhu Laboratory of Mathematical Parallel Systems(LAMPS) Centre for Diseases ModellingDepartment of Mathematics and StatisticsYork UniversityTorontoONCanada Public Health Agency of Canada(PHAC) OttawaONCanada

At the end of 2021,with the rapid escalation of COVID19 cases due to the Omicron variant,testing centers in Canada were overwhelmed.To alleviate the pressure on the PCR testing capacity,many provinces implemented new strategies that promote self testing and adjust the eligibility for PCR tests,making the count of new cases underreported.We designed a novel compartmental model which captures the new testing guidelines,social behaviours,booster vaccines campaign and features of the newest variant Omicron.To better describe the testing eligibility,we considered the population divided into high risk and non-highrisk settings.The model is calibrated using data from January 1 to February 9,2022,on cases and severe outcomes in Canada,the province of Ontario and City of Toronto.We conduct analyses on the impact of PCR testing capacity,self testing,different levels of reopening and vaccination coverage on cases and severe outcomes.Our results show that the total number of cases in Canada,Ontario and Toronto are 2.34(95%CI:1.22e3.38),2.20(95%CI:1.15e3.72),and 1.97(95%CI:1.13e3.41),times larger than reported cases,respectively.The current testing strategy is efficient if partial restrictions,such as limited capacity in public spaces,are implemented.Allowing more people to have access to PCR reduces the daily cases and severe outcomes;however,if PCR test capacity is insufficient,then it is important to promote self testing.Also,we found that reopening to a pre-pandemic level will lead to a resurgence of the infections,peaking in late March or April 2022.Vaccination and adherence to isolation protocols are important supports to the testing policies to mitigate any possible spread of the virus.

关键词： PCR testing self-testing Booster dose Social behavior Mathematical model COVID-19 Omicron Exit strategy

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Assessing the Acceptability and Willingness to Use HIV self-testing among Student Nurses in a Private Nursing College, Gauteng Province, South Africa

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World Journal of AIDS 2015年第3期5卷 208-216页

作者： Sphiwe Madiba Molly Segobola Mathildah Mokgatle School of Public Health Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath Sefako Makgatho Health Sci-ences University Pretoria South Africa School of Public Health Department of Biostatistics Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Pretoria South Africa

Globally, there is increasing evidence that HIV self-testing (HIVST) is commonly practiced among health care workers (HCWs). Although HIVST kits are available in South Africa, their distribution and use remain unregulated and its acceptability, undocumented. The aim of the study was to explore the acceptability of HIV self-testing among student nurses, examine their willingness to use self-testing, and evaluate their views on the implementation of a regulated HIV self-testing programme. This was a qualitative explorative study, and six focus group discussions were conducted with 67 student nurses recruited from a private nursing college, in Pretoria, South Africa. Thematic analysis and NVivo10 qualitative software were used for data analysis. The nurses perceived HIVST as an acceptable option for HIV testing and most were willing to self-test. self-testing will provide confidential and accessible HIV testing services, reduce the stigma associated with the condition, and increase partner testing and disclosure. HIVST is more likely to be practised if self-testing kits are easily accessible and affordable, and there are strategies to educate people before the adoption of HIVST. The lack of pre- and post-test counselling, the risk of inaccurate test results, and lack of strategies for the confirmation of self-testing results were the main arguments against HIVST. The high acceptance of HIVST among nurses suggests that HIVST is a feasible option to increase the uptake of HIV-testing among HCWs. However, pre- and post-test counselling should be considered important components in the implementation of self-testing services. Educational and awareness campaigns should precede the roll-out of the self-testing programs.

关键词： HIV self-testing Nurses Acceptability South Africa Health Care Workers

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Device-independent characterization of entanglement based on bell nonlocality

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Fundamental Research 2021年第1期1卷 27-42页

作者： Geng Chen Wen-Hao Zhang Peng Yin Chuan-Feng Li Guang-Can Guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China

Quantum entanglement,has been acknowledged as a precious resource due to its inherent nonclassical correla-tions between subsystems.These quantum correlations have the potential for many quantum processes,includ-ing canonical ones:quantum cryptography,quantum teleportation,and dense coding.To exploit the advantages of quantum entanglement,two essential premises are required,i.e.,to prepare high-quality entanglement and characterize quality level of prepared entanglement.Thus far,quantum entanglement can be produced in various quantum systems;however,it appears that this new resource is complex and difficult to characterize.The standard methods to characterize multipartite entanglement,e.g.,entanglement witness,state tomography,or quantum state verification,require full knowledge of the Hilbert space dimension and precise calibration of measurement devices,which are usually difficult to acquire in experiment.The most radical way to overcome these problems is to detect entanglement solely based on the Bell-like correlations of measurement outcomes collected in the exper-iment,namely,device-independent characterization of entanglement.This article reviews the recently developed device-independent methods to characterize entanglement,including self-testing and device-independent certi-fication of entanglement.These approaches can be widely applied in kinds of quantum information processing,especially for those with security demands.

关键词： Quantum entanglement Device-independent characterization self-testing Quantum nonlocality

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