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The mechanism of unconventional hydrocarbon formation: Hydrocarbon self-sealing and intermolecular forces

Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第3期48卷 507-526页

作者： JIA Chengzao PANG Xiongqi SONG Yan China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 100724China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration Beijing 102249China School of Earth Sciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Institute of Unconventional Research China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

The successful development of unconventional hydrocarbons has significantly increased global hydrocarbon resources, promoted the growth of global hydrocarbon production and made a great breakthrough in classical oil and gas geology. The core mechanism of conventional hydrocarbon accumulation is the preservation of hydrocarbons by trap enrichment and buoyancy, while unconventional hydrocarbons are characterized by continuous accumulation and non-buoyancy accumulation. It is revealed that the key of formation mechanism of the unconventional reservoirs is the self-sealing of hydrocarbons driven by intermolecular forces. Based on the behavior of intermolecular forces and the corresponding self-sealing, the formation mechanisms of unconventional oil and gas can be classified into three categories:(1) thick oil and bitumen, which are dominated by large molecular viscous force and condensation force;(2) tight oil and gas, shale oil and gas and coal-bed methane, which are dominated by capillary forces and molecular adsorption;and(3) gas hydrate, which is dominated by intermolecular clathration. This study discusses in detail the characteristics, boundary conditions and geological examples of self-sealing of the five types of unconventional resources, and the basic principles and mathematical characterization of intermolecular forces. This research will deepen the understanding of formation mechanisms of unconventional hydrocarbons, improve the ability to predict and evaluate unconventional oil and gas resources, and promote the development and production techniques and potential production capacity of unconventional oil and gas.

关键词： unconventional hydrocarbons hydrocarbon reservoir formation mechanism self-sealing intermolecular forces hydrocarbon self-sealing formation mode hydrocarbon exploration and development

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Degradation and biological properties of Ca-P contained micro-arc oxidation self-sealing coating on pure magnesium for bone fixation

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2015年第2期2卷 107-118页

作者： Weidan Wang Peng Wan Chen Liu Lili Tan Weirong Li Lugee Li Ke Yang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China EONTEC Co. LtdDongguanGuangdong523662China

Poor corrosion resistance is one of the main disadvantages for biodegradable magnesium-based metals,especially applied for bone fixation,where there is a high demand of bio-mechanical strength and stability.Surface coating has been proved as an effective method to control the in vivo degradation.In this study a Ca-P self-sealing micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coating was studied to verify its efficacy and biological properties by in vitro and in vivo tests.It was found that the MAO coating could effectively retard the degradation according to immersion and electrochemical tests as well as 3D reconstruction by X-ray tomography after implantation.The MAO coating exhibited no toxicity and could stimulate the new bone formation.Therefore,the Ca-P self-sealing MAO coating could be a potential candidate for application of biodegradable Mg-based implant in bone fixations.

关键词： pure magnesium degradation self-sealing micro-arc oxidation coating in vivo implantation

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Thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of clay rock for deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第5期10卷 992-1008页

作者： Chun-Liang Zhang Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) Repository Safety Research Division Theodor-Heuss-Str 4 Braunschweig 38122 Germany

In the context of deep geological disposal of radioactive waste in clay formations, the thermo-hydro- mechanical （THM） behavior of the indurated Callovo-Oxfordian and Opalinus clay rocks has been extensively investigated in our laboratory under repository relevant conditions：（1） rock stress covering the range from the lithostatic state to redistributed levels after excavation; （2） variation of the humidity in the openings due to ventilation as well as hydraulic drained and undrained boundary conditions; （3） gas generation from corrosion of metallic components within repositories; and （4） thermal loading from high-level radioactive waste up to the designed maximum temperature of 90 ~C and even beyond to 150 ~C, Various important aspects concerning the long-term barrier functions of the clay host rocks have been studied：（1） fundamental concept for effective stress in the porous clay-water system; （2） stress- driven deformation and damage as well as resulting permeability changes; （3） moisture influences on mechanical properties; （4） self-sealing of fractures under mechanical load and swelling]slaking of clay minerals upon water uptake; （5） gas migration in fractured and resealed claystones; and （6） thermal impact on the hydro-mechanical behavior and properties, Major findings from the investigations are summarized in this paper,

关键词： Repository Clay rock Deformability Swelling self-sealing Water permeability Gas migration Thermal impact

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