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What Is the Role of Work-Related Factors in self-reported Health Inequalities among Employed Individuals? A Longitudinal Study in Luxembourg

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Health 2018年第9期10卷 1141-1158页

作者： Anastase Tchicaya Nathalie Lorentz Kristell Leduc Living Conditions Department Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER) Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg

Objectives: We measured health inequalities among employed Luxembourg residents over time and the socio-economic and work-related determinants. Design and Setting: Longitudinal data were obtained from the Socio-economic Liewen zu Lëtzebuerg/European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions, which has been conducted each year since 2003 in Luxembourg. Participants: Participants comprised 727 Luxembourg residents (58% men), aged between 21 and 55 years in 2003, who were employed between 2003 and 2012. Primary and Secondary Outcomes Measured: The variable of interest was self-reported health. We used transition indicators on work-related factors to consider changes that individuals may have experienced in their job over this period. Results: People who moved from a part-time to a full-time contract (odds ratio (OR): 5.52, confidence interval (CI): 1.55 - 19.73), and those who moved from the 3rd or 4th quartile of earnings to the 1st or 2nd quartile (OR: 2.48, CI: 1.02 - 6.05) between 2003 and 2012, had a higher risk of being in poor health in 2012. The risk of deterioration in self-reported health in 2012 among people who were healthy in 2003 was associated with the type of contract, economic activity, and occupation. Conclusion: Health inequalities occur among employed people in Luxembourg. Their importance varies according to work-related characteristics and economic activity. Our findings showed that declined health status was associated with contract type, profession, and economic activity. This suggests that measures should be taken to maintain good health for people working in these specific occupations or economic sectors (e.g. preventive action, reduction of risk exposure, change of occupation in the same company, and so on).

关键词： Employment Health Inequalities Working Conditions EU-SILC Work-Related Factors self-reported Health

Technology Usage among Elderly with self-reported Hearing Disability: Results from ***

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Health 2020年第4期12卷 353-367页

作者： Roberta Vaccaro Mauro Colombo Simona Abbondanza Elena Rolandi Laura Pettinato Antonio Guaita Golgi Cenci Foundation Abbiategrasso Italy Camillo Golgi Geriatric Insitute Abbiategrasso Italy.

Background: Awareness of hearing disability in the elderly has adverse cognitive and functional consequences over time, in a longitudinal population-based study. Aim: To analyze the hypothesis that over time old people aware of hearing disability make less use of technology and lose more instrumental activities of daily living than peers with other self-reported hearing conditions. Methods: We analyzed 1171 healthy participants in the longitudinal population-based *** study. The consistency between self-reported hearing loss with clinician-evaluated hearing status (Whispered Voice Test;WVT), was categorized by consistency as: unaware of hearing loss (UHL), aware of hearing loss (AHL), only subjective hearing loss (OSHL), without hearing loss (noHL). Results: At baseline (2010), hearing loss was found in 159 [13.6% (95% CI: 11.7 - 15.7)] of the participants [28 = 17.6% (95% CI: 12.0 - 24.4) AHL;131 = 82.4% (95% CI: 75.6 - 88) UHL], while 23 [2.3% (95% CI: 1.4 - 3.4)] of the subjects with normal WVT had OSHL. Mobile phone usage was significantly associated with different consistency categories (p i.e. executive, memory and visuo-spatial) were independently associated with maintaining mobile phone usage and instrumental activities of daily living. Conclusion: self-reported hearing disability is linked to subsequent loss of mobile phone usage and functional dependency. As cognitive performances independently influence technology usage and functional impairment, targeted preventive interventions should address functional impact of perceived hearing loss, but also encourage social participation and improve mobile phone usage. Trial registration: ***, NCT01345110;registered on April 29, 2011.

关键词： Technology self-reported Hearing Instrumental Activities Population-Based Study Cognition

The Influence of Social Desirability on self-reported Sexual Behavior in HIV Survey in Rural Ethiopia

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第4期3卷 345-349页

作者： Alexander Vu Kiemanh Pham Nhan Tran Saifuddin Ahmed Department of Emergency Medicine The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore USA Department of International Health The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore USA Department of International Health The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore USA Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health and Department of Biostatistics The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore USA

Objective: It is in order to examine associations between social desirability (SD) and self-reports of abstinence among youths in rural Ethiopia. Methods: Youths of ages 15-24 (114 participants) were administered questionnaire to assess HIV knowledge and primary abstinence and a modified Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale to assess SD bias. The relationships between SD groups (dichotomized into high and low) and abstinence by various characteristics were assessed by using Fisher’s exact p-values. Results: The odds of individuals reporting abstinence were 13.2 times greater in the high SD group compared to the low SD group (p-value 0.002) when adjusted for education, gender, age group, and HIV knowledge. The differences in abstinence between the high and low SD score groups were also examined for selected variables. Conclusions: Individuals who exhibited more SD bias were more likely to report primary abstinence. SD bias should be considered when conducting self-reported surveys to measure the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs.

关键词： Social Desirability Bias self-reported Sexual Behaviors HIV Surveys

Association of symptoms with gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第36期16卷 4532-4540页

作者： Erja Malinen Lotta Krogius-Kurikka Janne Nikkil Airi Palva Anna Lyra Anne Jskelinen Teemu Rinttil Terttu Vilpponen-Salmela Atte Johannes von Wright Department of Veterinary Biosciences Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Helsinki00014 HelsinkiFinland Danisco Sweeteners Health and Nutrition02460 KantvikFinland Department of Clinical Nutrition Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Eastern Finland70211 KuopioFinland Alimetrics Ltd. Koskelontie 19 B02920 EspooFinland Kuopio Harjula Hospital 70101 KuopioFinland Department of Biosciences University of Eastern Finland70211 KuopioFinland

AIM:To investigate the correlations between selfreported symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and the gastrointestinal(GI) microbiota ***:Fecal samples were collected from a total of 44 subjects diagnosed with *** symptoms were monitored with a validated inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire adjusted for IBS *** quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to evaluate the GI microbiota *** and GI bacterial genera(Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Veillonella),groups(Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale,Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) and distinct bacterial phylotypes [closest 16S rDNA sequence resemblance to species Bifidobacterium catenulatum,Clostridium cocleatum,Collinsella aerofaciens(***),Coprococcus eutactus(***),Ruminococcus torques and Streptococcus bovis ] with a suspected association with IBS were *** between quantities or presence/absence data of selected bacterial groups or phylotypes and various IBSrelated symptoms were ***:Associations were observed between subjects' self-reported symptoms and the presence or quantities of certain GI bacteria.A Ruminococcus torques(***)-like(94% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence) phylotype was associated with severity of bowel ***,among IBS subjects with *** 94% detected,the amounts of *** 88%,***-like and *** 97% phylotypes were significantly *** observations were also made concerning the effect of a subject's weight on GI microbiota with regard to *** like phylotype,Bifidobacterium *** Lactobacillus ***:Bacteria seemingly affecting the symptom scores are unlikely to be the underlying cause or cure of IBS,but they may serve as biomarkers of the condition.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome self-reported symptoms Gastrointestinal microbiota Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction

Perceived ill-health and health seeking behavior in two communities in the nam theun 2 hydroelectric project area in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第6期2卷 63-70页

作者： Sayasone S Erlanger TE Kaul S Sananikhom P Tanner M Utzinger J Odermatt P Department of Public Health and Epidemiology Swiss Tropical InstituteBaselSwitzerland Institut de la Francophonie pour la Medecine Tropicale VientianeLao PDR International SOS Singapore Nam Theun 2 Power CompanyVientianeLao PDR Nam Theun 2 Power Company VientianeLao PDR

Objective:To compare perceived ill-health and health seeking behavior between two communities affected by the large Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project in central Lao People’s Democratic Republic(PDR).Methods: Two different affected areas;Nakai plateaubeing remote,sparcely populated and mountainous,and Xe Bang Fai lowland plains,more densely populated and comparatively affluent were *** were obtained from two cross-sectional household-based health and socio-economic ***:We found pronounced differences in the frequency of self-reported fever,cough,headache and myalgia according to *** the Nakai plateau,45.1%of the individuals with ill-health report(recall period;2 weeks) went to a local health volunteer compared to only 7.2%in the Xe Bang Fai area(P self-medication with antimalarials was more common in Xe Bang Fai than on Nakai(32.3%versus 7.0%,P self-reported ill-health and health seeking behavior among these two Lao communities need to be considered when implementing setting-specific mitigation measures as part of the public health action plan of the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project.

关键词： self-reported ill-health Health seeking behavior Lao PDR Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric project

Relation between self-recalled childhood physical activity and adult physical activity: The women’s health initiative

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2013年第4期3卷 224-231页

作者： Deborah Goodman Hannah L. Park Marcia Stefanick Erin LeBlanc Jennifer Bea Lihong Qi Kristopher Kapphahn Michael Lamonte Tood Manini Manisha Desai Hoda Anton-Culver Cancer Center University of Arizona Tuscon Arizona USA Center for Health Research Kaiser Permanente Portland USA Department of Epidemiology University of California Irvine USA Department of Public Health University of California Davis Sacramento USA Department of Social and Preventive Medicine University at Buffalo Buffalo USA Institute on Aging University of Florida Gainesville USA S Stanford Prevention Research Center Stanford University Palo Alto USA

Background: Evidence suggests that childhood physical activity may play a role in the etiology and prevention of adult chronic diseases. Because researchers must often depend on self-recalled physical activity data many years after the exposure, it is important to understand factors which may influence adult recall of childhood physical activity. This study evaluated the influence of adult characteristics on reported childhood physical activity and the association between adult physical activity and self-recalled childhood physical activity. Methods: 48,066 post-menopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study reported their physical activity level during ages 5-9, 10-14, and 15-19. Results: In this cohort, over 65% of the population reported the same category of physical activity over the three childhood age groups. While higher levels of childhood physical activity were significantly associated with higher adult physical activity, this association varied by race/ethnicity, education, smoking, body mass index, history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease, social support and physical functional status. Women who were consistently highly active reported adult physical activity levels that were 2.82 MET-hr/week (95% C.I. = 2.43, 3.20) higher compared to women who were always physically inactive during childhood. Conclusions: It is important for researchers to understand the influence of adult characteristics on reported childhood physical activity.

关键词： Adult Childhood Physical Activity self-reported

Projecting Health Outcomes for Portuguese Ageing Population: Challenges and Opportunities

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Health 2014年第14期6卷 1874-1882页

作者： Maria do Rosário Oliveira Martins Inês Campos Rodrigues Teresa Ferreira Rodrigues CEPESE—Centro de Estudos da Populaç ã o Economia e Sociedade Universidade do Porto Porto Portugal Unidade de Saúde Pública Internacional e Bioestatística Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal

Objectives: To project health outcomes for the period 2011-2031, in the Portuguese population aged 65 years and over, considering the expected changes in its demographic and educational structure. Methods: Demographic projections were produced using the multistate cohort component method. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate current differences in health outcomes, using data from the Portuguese Health Survey. Such differences were applied to the projection results, in order to project the prevalence of “poor” self-reported health status, functional limitations and disability. Results: Our results point to a future improvement in the considered health outcomes. The prevalence of “poor” self-reported health status, functional limitations and disability will decrease in both genders, but will continue to be higher among women than men. Discussion: Beyond age and gender, other determinants of health, like education, should be considered when studying the possible evolution of health outcomes in an ageing population.

关键词： Projections Aging Educational Level self-reported Health Status Functional Limitations and Disability

High rate of injuries among students in Southern Nigeria: An urgent call to action

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Health 2013年第12期5卷 1965-1975页

作者： Jephtha C. Nmor Kehi H. Nwaka Kensuke Goto Junko Toyosawa Daisuke Fujita Department of Animal and Environmental Biology Delta State University Abraka Nigeria Anthony Model School Ubuluku Nigeria Department of Eco-Epidemiology Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN) Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan National Mental Support Center for School Crisis Osaka Kyoiku University Osaka Japan National Mental Support Center for School Crisis Osaka Kyoiku University Osaka Japan Department of Animal and Environmental Biology Delta State University Abraka Nigeria

Addressing injury and its associated effects is a multi-dimensional and ongoing challenge. This includes recognizing that injury is a significant public health problem capable of affecting the health and wellbeing of all populations over short and longer terms, albeit in varied ways and intensities. That recognition has drawn attention to the need to take actions to avert its rate of occurrence particularly in developed nations. While in low-income countries, despite the growing burden of injury, there are few school-based studies from which to develop prevention initiatives. Thus this study describes the cause, nature and types and prevalence of injuries in a cross sectional population of students in Southern Nigeria, in order to provide data for use in developing priorities for injury prevention efforts. An interviewer-administered school-based survey of students attending schools in Southern Nigeria was conducted in 2013. The study sample involved 585 students (60.9% male, 39.2% female and overall mean age of 15 years). We inquired about participants self-reported injuries in the past one year (all injury inclusive). When reported, injuries were further assessed according to cause, intent, nature, type, place, and number of days absent from school due to injury. Overall, there were 549 self-reported injuries in the past one year (93.8%) among the respondents (95.5% for males and 90.8% for females, p = 0.6696). Sex wise, prevalence of injury differ by age, school setting and parents’ occupation (p higher in males compared to females [206 (60.4%) vs 87 (41.8%) p = 0.002, and 10 (2.9%) vs 0 (0.0) p = 0.016] respectively. Traffic injuries and falls decrease progressively with age. Homes and schools were settings injuries occurred mostly. Over 68% of the reported injuries were unintentional. On the average, 2 days of normal school activity were lost per injured persons because of an injury. Given the high prevalence of injury reported in this study, injury like tropic

关键词： School-Based self-reported Injury Prevalence Students Nigeria