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seismotectonics and consequences of the 1930s large earthquakes in eastern Mazandaran,north of Iran

Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第2期19卷 513-528页

作者： Mohsen EHTESHAMI-MOINABADI Ehsan ABBASI Ali SAKET Department of Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Shahid Beheshti UniversityTehran ***Iran Natural Disaster Research Institute Tehran ***Iran

Early in the 1930 s,two relatively large earthquakes(Kosout,magnitude 6.8,and Talarrud,magnitude 5.8)shook the eastern Mazandaran,northern *** the historical and instrumental seismic activity of the eastern region of Mazandaran,little is known about the status of seismotectonics and consequences of these *** paper presents a compilation of available data from early reports of these earthquakes with new structural,geomorphic and local data on the effects of this earthquake,especially co-seismic landslides and liquefaction,to assess the seismotectonics and probable causative faults of the *** is proposed that the close times of occurrence of two earthquakes might be due to local loading or triggering effect of the first earthquake on the second *** many other instrumental earthquakes in the Central Alborz,it is difficult to find the exact causative faults of important earthquakes,however the Qadikola,Chachkam or North Alborz Fault have the potential of producing Kosout earthquake and the Lalehband fault is more promising for Talarrud ***,the structural complexity of the area is also discussed in the form of a hybrid tectonic *** this model,the boundary zone of thick-skinned and active thin-skinned domains has more structural complexity than outer ***-Badeleh Shahvar pop-up structure is bounded by major faults with thick-skinned deformation *** role of older inherited fault structures and their interaction with low-slope Neogene thrusts driven from north to south by crustal tectonics and deformation is ***-seismic landslides and rock falls have great potential to be investigated in the Alborz Range for identification of prehistoric earthquakes.

关键词： seismotectonics Co-seismic Landslide Alborz Active Fault Earthquake

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seismotectonics of the 2008 and 2009 Qaidam Earthquakes and its Implication for Regional Tectonics

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第2期87卷 618-628页

作者： CHEN Guihua XU Xiwei ZHU Ailan ZHANG Xiaoqing YUAN Renmao Yann KLINGER Jean-Mathieu NOCQUET Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Tectonics Observatory California Institute of Technology Earthquake Administration of Shanghai Municipality Earthquake Administration of Qinghai Province Institut de Physique du Globe CNRS Geoscience Azur

Three magnitude 〉6 earthquakes struck Qaidam, Qinghai province, China, in November 10th 2008, August 28th and 31st 2009 respectively. The Zongwulongshan fault has often been designated as the active seismogenic structure, although it is at odd with the data. Our continuous GPS station （CGPS）, the Xiao Qaidam station, located in the north of the Qaidam basin, is less than 30 km to the southwest of the 2008 earthquake. This CGPS station recorded the near field co-seismic deformation. Here we analyzed the co-seismic dislocation based on the GPS time series and the rupture processes from focal mechanism for the three earthquakes. The afiershocks were relocated to constrain the spatial characteristics of the 2008 and 2009 Qaidam earthquakes. Field geological and geomorphological investigation and interpretation of satellite images show that the Xitieshan fault and Zongwulongshan fault were activated as left lateral thrust during the late Quaternary. Evidence of folding can also be identified. Integrated analyses based on our data and the regional tectonic environment show that the Xitieshan fault is the fault responsible for the 2008 Qaidam earthquake, which is a low dip angle thrust with left lateral strike slip. The Zongwulongshan fault is the seismogenic fault of the 2009 earthquakes, which is a south dipping back thrust of the northern marginal thrust system of the Qaidam basin. Folding takes a significant part of the deformation in the northern marginal thrust system of the Qaidam basin, dominating the contemporary structure style of the northern margin of the Qaidam basin and Qilianshan tectonic system. In this region, this fault and fold system dominates the earthquake activities with frequent small magnitude earthquakes.

关键词： Qaidam earthquakes seismotectonics Xitieshan fault Zongwulongshan fault structure style

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seismotectonics in the Pamir:An oblique transpressional shear and south-directed deep-subduction model

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Geoscience Frontiers 2011年第1期2卷 1-15页

作者： Jiasheng Zhang Xinjian Shan Xiongnan Huang Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The 3-D geometry of the seismicity in Hindu Kush-Pamir--western China region has been defined by seismic records for 1975-1999 from the National Earthquake Information Center, the U.S. Geological Survey, and over 16,000 relocated earthquakes since 1975 recorded by the Xinjiang seismic network of China. The results show that most Ms≥ 5.0 hypocenters in the area are confined to a major intracontinental seismic shear zone （MSSZ）. The MSSZ, which dips southwards in Pamir has a north- dipping counterpart in the Hindu Kush to the west; the two tectonic realms are separated by the sinistral Chaman transform fault of the India-Asia collisional zone. We demonstrate that the MSSZ constitutes the upper boundary of a south-dipping, actively subducting Pamir continental plate. Three seismic concentrations are recognized just above the Pamir MSSZ at depths between 45-65 km, 95-120 km, and 180-220 km, suggesting different structural relationships where each occurs. Results from focal mechanism solutions in all three seismological concentrations show orientations of the principal maximum stress to be nearly horizontal in an NNW-SSE direction. The south-dipping Pamir subduction slab is wedge-shaped with a wide upper top and a narrow deeper bottom; the slab has a gentle angle of dip in the upper part and steeper dips in the lower part below an elbow depth of ca. 80--120 km. Most of the deformation related to the earthquakes occurs within the hanging wall of the subducting Pamir slab. Published geologic data and repeated GPS measurements in the Pamir document a broad supra-subduc- tion, upper crustal zone of evolving antithetic （i.e. north-dipping） back-thrusts that contribute to northsouth crustal shortening and are responsible for exhumation of some ultrahigh-pressure rocks formed during earlier Tethyan plate convergence. An alternating occurrence in activity of Pamir and Chaman seismic zones indicates that there is interaction between strike-slip movement of the Chaman transform fa

关键词： Earthquake seismotectonics Deep-subduction ofcontinental crust Transform fault Ramp thrusting Central Asia

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Review on study of seismotectonics in China

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第5期16卷 534-543页

作者：王椿镛刘琼林 Institute of Geophysics China Seismological Bureau

This paper reviews briefly the progresses made during the last four years (1999~2002) in study of seismotectonics in China, especially appraises the achievements in the fields of the crustal and upper mantles structure, the active faults and tectonic setting of large earthquakes, the crustal deformation, and the numerical simulation. Most earthquakes occurred in China belong to continental earthquakes. Therefore, Chinese seismologists pay more attention to the continental earthquakes. Based on improvements of the observation systems in China during the ninth Five-Year Plan, the studies on seismotectonics have achieved great progresses.

关键词： seismotectonics plate tectonics continental earthquake

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Source mechanism of strong aftershocks (M_s≥5.6) of the 2008/05/12 Wenchuan earthquake and the implication for seismotectonics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第6期52卷 739-753页

Dozens of >M5, hundreds of >M4, and much more >M3 aftershocks occurred after the 2008/05/12 Wenchuan earthquake, which were well recorded by permanent and portable seismic stations. After relocated with P arrival, the >M3 aftershocks show two trends of distribution, with most of the aftershocks located along the north-east strike consistent with Longmenshan fault system, yet there is a north-west trend around the epicenter. It seems that substantially more aftershocks occur in regions with crystalline bedrocks. Then we collected waveform data from National Digital Seismograph Network and regional seismograph network of China, and employed 'Cut and Paste' method to obtain focal mechanisms and depths of the big aftershocks (M≥5.6). While most of those aftershocks show thrust mechanism, there are some strike slip earthquakes in the northern-most end of the rupture. Focal mechanisms show that the events located on the southern part of central Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault (BY) are mainly thrust earthquakes, which is consistent with initial mechanism of the main shock rupture. In the north part the aftershocks along the BY are also dominated by thrust slip, which is quite different from the right slip rupture of the main shock. Around Qingchuan-Pingwu Fault, the focal mechanisms are dominated by right-slip rupture with large depths (~18 km). So we suspected that in the north part the main shock might rupture on two faults: Beichuan Fault and Qingchuan-Pingwu Fault. The complex pattern of aftershock mechanisms argues for presence of a complicated fault system in the Longmenshan area.

关键词： focal mechanism seismotectonics Wenchuan earthquake cut and paste.

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Interplate coupling and seismotectonics under the fore-arc regions of Japan

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Earthquake Science 2010年第6期23卷 555-565页

作者： Zhi Wang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China

Three-dimensional P-and S-wave velocities（vP,vS）,Poisson＇s ratio（σ）,crack-density（ε） and bulk-sound velocity（vφ） structures along the slab upper boundary beneath the fore-arc regions were determined using a large number of high-quality P-wave and S-wave arrival times from both onshore and offshore earthquakes in *** velocity and Poisson＇s ratio images provide a compelling evidence for a highly hydrated and serpentinized fore-arc mantle and fluid-bearing anomalous low velocity and high Poisson＇s ratio associated with slab dehydration under the fore-arc *** great thrust earthquakes（M〉7.5） occurred at or close to the high-velocity areas along the slab interface under the fore-arc areas,suggesting strong interplate coupling（asperities） with slab *** the other hand,prominent low-velocity anomalies were revealed along the slab upper boundary,which may reflect weak coupled or decoupled patches（aseismicity） of the plates due to serpentinization of the fore-arc mantle *** crack-density and bulk-sound velocity images,calculated from the corresponding velocity models,indicate that the interplate coupling in northeastern Japan is different from that under central and southwestern Japan owing to differences between the tectonic backgrounds of the subduction system,such as the geological age,thermal regime and dipping angle of the oceanic plates.A comparison between fluid-related anomalies of Japan,Cascadia,Chile,and Costa Rica subduction zones suggests that seismic mantle may be common in fore-arc settings and these reflect similar 3-D seismic structures relatively to fluid liberating *** consider that the fluid-bearing anomalies along the interface of the subducting slab,attributing to processes such as slab dehydration and serpentinization of the fore-arc mantle,are mainly contributed to the interplate coupling and the repeated generation of the great thrust earthquakes under the fore-arc regions in Japan.

关键词： sP depth phase, master-event location (MEL) interplate coupling seismotectonics

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Investigation of seismotectonics and Seismicity in South of Caspian Sea

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 52-53页

作者： Z.S.Riazi-Rad Chaloos Branch Islami Azad University

In this study region,those fault-lines with northwestern -southeastern trend are the oldest structures of the region,whose formation is believed to date back to orogeny phase of *** the mentioned trend the northwestern southwestern trends also had outcrop in the studied region and recent seismic data indicate that in the studied region the active presence of North Firouzabad transpressional fault-line causes formation of fault scarps and very deep valleys

关键词： seismotectonics seismicity Caspian Sea risk

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Geothermic activity and seismotectonics in the altitude of the Tibetan plateau

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Earthquake Science 2009年第6期22卷 651-658页

作者： Jiren Xu Zhixin Zhao Institute of Geology Chinese Aeademy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

In the present analysis on the relationships among the depth of lithosphere brittle fracture, seismotectonics and geothermal anomalous active in Tibetan plateau were investigated using the seismic dada from ISC and Chinese seismic net and geothermal data. The results suggest that the region of anomalously geothermal activity almost coincides with that of the normal faulting type earthquake. The geothermal anomaly activity region coincides spatially with that of the events deeper than 60 km as well as. The normal faulting earthquakes may be mainly tectonic activity regimes until 110 km deep in the thermal anomaly region. The strike directions of events are likely the N-S direction, coinciding with the strike of the thermal anomaly active belts. The earthquakes align along the normal faults and faulted-depression zone with the N-S direction. The thermal anomaly activity also distributes along the faulted-depression zone. Many events deeper than 60 km exist in the anomalously geothermal activity region in the plateau. Events extend to bottom of the lithosphere of 110 km from the surface, like columnar seismic crowd. The lithosphere extends along the E-W direction due to the E-W extensional stress in the central and southern Tibetan plateau, altitude of the plateau. The t6nsional stress in the E-W results in the lithosphere fractures and the normal faults striking N-S direction, grabens and faulted-depression zones. Thermal material from the asthenosphere wells upward to the surface along deep seismic fractures and faults through the thick crust. The anomalously thermal activities are attributable to the upwelling thermal material from the mantle in the altitude of Tibetan plateau.

关键词： Tibetan plateau normal faulting type earthquake geothermic activity middle and deep earthquakes seismotectonics

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Preface to the special issue on recent advances of deep structure,seismic anisotropy and seismotectonics in China

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Earthquake Science 2012年第1期25卷 1-2页

作者： Dongping Wei Fenglin Niu Yuan Gao Xuzhang Shen College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Earth Science Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China Lanzhou Institute of Seismology China Earthquake AdministrationLanzhou 730000China

A workshop on crustal structure and seismotectonics was held on the Chinese Teacher＇s Day, the September 10th of 2011, in the city Lanzhou, China. Scientists and graduate students from Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Earthquake Administration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, and Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology delivered over 20 oral presentations, with topics covering crustal and upper mantle structure, seismic anisotropy, recent earthquakes and seismotectonics,

关键词： Preface special issue deep structure seismotectonics

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seismotectonics of the Padanian Region and Surrounding Belts: Which Driving Mechanism?

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第12期7卷 1412-1451页

作者： Marcello Viti Enzo Mantovani Daniele Babbucci Caterina Tamburelli Nicola Cenni Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Della Terra e dell’Ambiente Università degli Studi di Siena Siena Italy Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia Università degli Studi di Bologna Bologna Italy

It is argued that the complex tectonic pattern observed in the study area can plausibly be explained as an effect of the kinematics of the Iberia and Adria blocks, induced by the NNE ward motion of Africa and the roughly westward motion of the Anatolian-Aegean system with respect to Eurasia. These boundary conditions cause the constrictional regime which is responsible for the observed shortening processes in the Padanian region and Western Alps. The proposed dynamic context can plausibly account for the peculiar distribution of major seismic sources, located in the northern Apennines, the Giudicarie fault system, the offshore of the western Ligurian coast and the Swiss Alps. The observed tectonic pattern in Western Europe and the study area can hardly be reconciled with the implications of the roughly NWward convergence between Africa and Eurasia proposed by global kinematic models, whereas it is compatible with the alternative Africa-Eurasia kinematics and plate mosaic proposed by [1].

关键词： seismotectonics Geodynamics GPS Mediterranean Padanian

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