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Economics of Residues Incorporation and Phosphorus Application for Direct seeded Rice and Wheat under Saline Soil

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 934-942页

作者： Imdad Ali Mahmood Arshad Ali Muhammad Zahid Kiani Armghan Shahzad Tariq Sultan Hussain Shah Muhammad Arshadullah Badar-uz-Zaman Land Resources Research Institute Islamabad Pakistan National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology PARC-Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture (The University of Agriculture Peshawar) National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad Pakistan Crop Disease Research Institute Islamabad Pakistan

Two-year long field study was conducted using a permanent layout to investigate the economics of crop residues incorporation (2 t·ha-1) and P application (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) to directly sowing of rice and wheat crops gown under naturally salt-affected calcareous soil (ECe = 4.59 dS m-1;pHs = 8.38;SAR = 6.57 (mmolc L-1)1/2;CaCO3 = 3.21%;Extractable P = 4.07 mg·kg-1;sandy clay loam) at farmers field in district Hafizabad during the year 2012-13. Split plot design (crop residues in main plots and P application in sub plots) was followed with three replications. Agronomic data on growth and yield were collected at the time of each crop maturity. Maximum growth and yield of both the crops were harvested from the plots where P2O5 was applied @ 80 kg·ha-1 along with crop residues incorporation. On an average of two years, maximum paddy (3.26 t·ha-1) and wheat grain (3.56 t·ha-1) yield were produced with P application @ 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 along with crop residues incorporation. Although, the yield harvested with this treatment (80 kg P2O5 ha-1 + crop residues) performed statistically equal to 120 kg P2O5 ha-1 without crop residues incorporation during both the years, however, on an average of two years, grain yield of directly sowing rice and subsequent wheat was significantly superior (22% and 24% respectively) than that of higher P rate (120 kg·ha-1) without crop residues. Overall, continuous two-year crop residues incorporation further increased (17%) paddy yields during the follow up year of crop harvest. Economic analyses of both the crops were carried out to choose the best treatment with adequate economic benefits as compared to those without crop residue incorporation. Maximum net benefit of Rs = 108,680/- for direct seeded rice and Rs = 99,362/- for wheat grown with 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 application under crop residues incorporation was determined. Among P application treatments without crop residues incorporation, the maximu

关键词： Crop Residues Incorporation P Application Direct seeded Rice and Wheat Saline Soil Economic Analysis

Performance of Different Cultivars in Direct seeded Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>L.) with Various Seeding Densities

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第21期5卷 3119-3128页

作者： Asif Ameen Zubair Aslam Qamar Uz Zaman Ehsanullah Shahid Ibne Zamir Imran Khan Muhammad Junaid Subhani Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Agronomy College of Agronomy & Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing China Department of Entomology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

Optimum seeding density is necessary to achieve the production potential of a cultivar in all crops. To investigate the performance of different cultivars in direct seeded rice in response to various seeding densities, a field experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during the kharif 2012. Super basmati (fine rice) and KSK-133 (coarse rice) were sown using seeding densities of 30, 45, 60 and 75 kg·ha-1. Results indicated that leaf area index and crop growth rate varied among rice cultivars as well as various seeding densities. The growth of rice at seeding density of 75 kg·ha-1 was higher than rest of treatments. The response of rice yield and its components like number of productive tillers, number of kernels per panicle and 1000-kernal weight differed significantly under the influence of cultivars and various seeding densities. Seeding density of 75 kg·ha-1 remained superior for both rice cultivars regarding final yield. This treatment furnished kernel yields of 3.83 and 5.49 t·ha-1 in fine and coarse rice, respectively which were significantly higher than other treatments. However, Kernel quality was improved in terms of lower number of sterile and chalky kernels at lower seeding densities (30 kg·ha-1). Based on these findings, it is concluded that using seeding density of 75 kg·ha-1 for direct seeded fine and coarse rice cultivars is beneficial in terms of better growth and higher yield but kernel quality is reduced by increasing the seeding density.

关键词： Seeding Density Direct seeded Rice Leaf Area Index Kernel Quality

Growth and Characterization of Perovskite K1-yLiyTa1-xNbxO3∶Ce

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第z1期24卷 261-263页

作者： Tian Hao He Chongjun Shen Yanqing Xin Jiangbo Zhou Zhongxiang Department of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Department of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Department of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Department of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China Department of Physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

The grown Ce doped potassium lithium tantalite niobate (KLTN) crystals and characterize their physical properties were reported. The top seeded solution growth method was described. The specifics of a particular KLTN∶Ce growth were presented. X-ray diffraction spectra of paraelectric and ferroelectric KLTN crystals were illustrated. Dielectric and absorption studies on KLTN∶Ce were carried out compared with pure KLTN.

关键词： top seeded solution growth KLTN X-ray diffraction dielectric materials

Review of fully coherent free-electron lasers

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第11期29卷 214-228页

作者： Chao Feng Hai-Xiao Deng Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Generation of intense, fully coherent radiation with wide spectral coverage has been a long-standing challenge for laser technologies. Several techniques have been developed in recent years to extend the spectral coverage in optical physics, but none of them hold the potential to produce X-ray laser pulses with very high-peak power. Urgent demands for intense X-ray light sources have prompted the development of free-electron lasers(FELs), which have been proved to be very useful tools in many scientific areas. In this paper, we give an overview of the basic principle of FELs, techniques for realizing fully coherent FELs, and the development of fully coherent FEL facilities in China.

关键词： Free-electron laser Fully coherent seeded FEL FEL oscillator

Coherent X-ray mirage: discovery and possible applications

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2014年第2期2卷 1-6页

作者： Tatiana Pikuz Anatoly Faenov Sergey Magnitskiy Nikolay Nagorskiy Momoko Tanaka Masahiko Ishino Masaharu Nishikino Yuji Fukuda Masaki Kando Yoshiaki Kato Tetsuya Kawachi Quantum Beam Science Directorate Japan Atomic Energy Agency Kizugawa Kyoto 619-0215 Japan Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 125412 Russia Institute for Academic Initiatives Osaka University International Laser Center of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries Hamamatsu Shizuoka 431-1202 Japan

In the far field of the intensity distribution of the beam delivered by a two-stage transient–collisional excitation X-ray laser(XRL), a non-expected interference pattern that is stable from shot to shot has been discovered. It is demonstrated that the interference is caused by the emergence of an imaginary source in the amplifying plasma, which is phase matched to the radiation of the generator. The observed phenomenon is called an X-ray coherent mirage. To explain the obtained results, a new theoretical approach is developed. The basic essential conditions for formation of the X-ray mirage are formulated, and possible applications are discussed. This paper details the experiments, including the formulation of the necessary and sufficient conditions for formation of the X-ray mirage, and possible applications are discussed.

关键词： coherent seeded beams mirage phase-matching X-ray lasers X-ray plasma optics

Effect of Y_2Ba_4CuWO_y Addition on the Properties of Single Domain YBCO Superconductors by TSIG Technique

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稀有金属材料与工程 2011年第S3期40卷 362-364页

作者： Wan Feng, Yang Wanmin, Li Guozheng, Song Fang, Gao Ping, Liang Wei Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China Shaanxi Normal Univ Dept Phys Xian 710062 Peoples R China

Top seeded infiltration and growth technique (TSIG) is an effective method for the preparation of high quality large YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) bulk superconductors. In this paper, single domain YBCO bulk superconductors, with different Y2Ba4CuWOy (YW2411) additions, have been fabricated by TSIG process. the solid phase pellet is made of a mixture of Y2BaCuO5(Y211) + xwt% YW2411 powders, x=0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. The growth morphology, microstructure and levitation force of the YBCO bulks have been investigated, it is found that the levitation force is increasing from 23.05 to 33.6 N with the increasing of YW2411 addition from 0 to 5wt%, and decreasing from 33.6 to 21.59 N with the increasing of YW2411 addition from 5 to 9wt%,the largest levitation force is obtained when the YW2411 content is about 5wt%. This is very important for us to fabricate high quality YBCO bulk superconductors.

关键词： single domain YBCO bulk top seeded infiltration and growth technique Y2Ba4CuWOy addition levitation force

Image Processing Tool Promoting Decision-Making in Liver Surgery of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2014年第2期7卷 118-127页

作者： Kristina Bliznakova Nikola Kolev Zhivko Bliznakov Ivan Buliev Anton Tonev Elitsa Encheva Krasimir Ivanov Department of Electronics and Microelectronics Technical University of Varna Varna Bulgaria Department of Medical Physics University of Patras Patras Greece Department of Radiology Medical University of Varna Varna Bulgaria Department of Surgery Medical University of Varna Varna Bulgaria

Preoperative assessment of the liver volume and function of the remnant liver is a mandatory prerequisite before performing major hepatectomy. The aim of this work is to develop and test a software application for evaluation of the residual function of the liver prior to the intervention of the surgeons. For this purpose, a complete software platform consisting of three basic modules: liver volume segmentation, visualization, and virtual cutting, was developed and tested. Liver volume segmentation is based on a patient examination with non-contrast abdominal Computed Tomography (CT). The basis of the segmentation is a multiple seeded region growing algorithm adapted for use with CT images without contrast-enhancement. Virtual tumor resection is performed interactively by outlining the liver region on the CT images. The software application then processes the results to produce a three-dimensional (3D) image of the “resected” region. Finally, 3D rendering module provides possibility for easy and fast interpretation of the segmentation results. The visual outputs are accompanied with quantitative measures that further provide estimation of the residual liver function and based on them the surgeons could make a better decision. The developed system was tested and verified with twenty abdominal CT patient sets consisting of different numbers of tomographic images. Volumes, obtained by manual tracing of two surgeon experts, showed a mean relative difference of 4.5%. The application was used in a study that demonstrates the need and the added value of such a tool in practice and in education.

关键词： Non-Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography Images Evaluation of the Residual Function of the Liver Liver Segmentation seeded Regional Growing Algorithm Virtual Tumor Resection Decision-Making Educational Tool