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A Comparative Study of Transesterification of Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil Using Calcined and Acid Activated Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst and Its Kinetic Study

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2023年第4期14卷 202-227页

作者： Aguoma Chinedu Chris Ajiwe Vincent Ishmael Egbulefu Okoye Patrice-Anthony Chudi Ike Ozoemena Christian Alaekwe Ikenna Obiora Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Industrial Chemistry Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria Department of Chemistry Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria

The world’s total fossil fuel consumption has been significantly increasing with consequential increased environmental catastrophes. A hunt for an alternate energy source was stimulated. Biofuel is a plausible option in this pursuit due to its ideal qualities which included but are not limited to renewability and environmental friendliness. However, the pump price of biodiesel is still very high due mainly to the high cost of the production of the commodity which is influenced by the feedstock and the homogeneous nature of catalyst used. Heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by using Pila globosa sea snail shells prepared by calcination (CP8) and by acid activation (PTW1M). Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil (Non-edible feedstock) was extracted using the soxhlet extraction method and was used for biofuel production with a methanol oil ratio of 3:1. Agitation speed 800, 600 rmp, reaction temperatures of 70°C, 60°C, catalyst concentration (3.00, 2.00 wt%) and reaction time (70 and 60 min) was maintained for CP8 and PTW1M respectively. The rate of the reaction followed a reversible second-order reaction rate. Re-usability accessed. From TGA analysis, the best calcination temperature was 800°C. SEM results showed improved surface morphology after calcination, especially for CP8. FTIR analysis showed the elimination of volatiles and formation of CaO and CaO4Te after calcination. The reaction rate constant at different temperatures was 0.0287 at 30°C, 0.1200 at 50°C and 0.1142 at 70°C and activation energy of the ethyl ester was 49.49 KJ/mol. Using CP8. Most of the fuel properties met with ASTM 6751 standard. The result of the re-usability showed that the biodiesel yield declined as follows: 92, 86, 80, 73 and 69 % for CP8 and 85, 84, 81, 76, 65. For PTW1M. After the fifth regeneration cycle, both CP8 and PTW1M samples of Pila globosa sea snail shell catalyst proved effective in transesterification reaction of Hydnocapus weightiana seed oil using ethanol. It was obse

关键词： Bio-Fuel Hydnocapus weightiana Calcined/Acid-Activated Pila globosa seed-oil

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Sesame response to nitrogen management under contrasting water availabilities

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oil Crop Science 2022年第4期7卷 166-173页

作者： Elnatan Golan Zvi Peleg Zipora Tietel Ran Erel Gilat Research Center Agricultural Research OrganizationIsrael The Robert H.Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael

Sesame is mainly cultivated under traditional,low-input *** breeding developments promoted the modernization and mechanization of sesame ***,only a few articles have been published concerning fertilization requirements for both modern and traditional *** field trials at two locations,we determined the response of irrigated sesame to nitrogen(N).Three promising sesame lines were tested combining two irrigation levels with four N *** a high irrigation level,N had a significant effect on growth,branching,and consequently,seed yield exceeding two-ton ha^(-1).A high N doze was accompanied by a decrease in the photosynthetic rate and leaf water *** δ^(13)C confirmed lower stomatal conductance under high N *** deficit irrigation,the N level had a minor effect on the monitored parameters,indicating N fertilization was not *** oil content was negatively correlated with seed N *** results question the necessity of N application when water is limited,as N fertilization promotes vigorous development that rapidly depletes soil ***,water availability should be considered when developing an N management *** high-yielding agro-systems,roughly 80–120 kg ha^(-1)N is required for optimal yield,bearing in mind the negative association between seed-N and oil content.

关键词： Nitrogen-use efficiency seed-oil Irrigation Fertigation

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