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sedimentary characteristics and Paleoenvironment of Shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, North Guizhou Province, and Its Shale Gas Potential

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第6期28卷 1020-1031页

作者： Chao Liang Zaixing Jiang Yingchang Cao Jinchuan Zhang Ling Guo School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266000 China Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & sedimentary Mineral Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resource Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266071 China State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing100083 China School of Energy Resource China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China

The Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi shale is one of the main horizons for shale gas exploration in Sichuan Basin. Outcrop, core and thin section observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, trace element geochemistry and other methods have been used to understand the sedimentary characteristics and identify hydrocarbon source rocks in suitable sedimentary paleoenvironments in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in northern Guizhou Province. The thickness of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation ranges from 20 to 200 m and it was mainly deposited on a deep-water shelf. The TOC content is high, up to 5.75%. The main non-organic minerals are detrital quartz and clay minerals, with a little plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar, calcite, dolomite and pyrite. There is also biogenic microcrystalline quartz. Six lithofacies have been identified： siliceous shale, clay shale, calcareous shale, silty shale, carbonaceous shale, and muddy siltstone. Using biological Ba, V/（V＋Ni）, TOC, V/Cr, B, Sr/Ba and other indicators, we estimate primary productivity, redox conditions and paleosalinity and show that the early stage of Wufeng-Longmaxi deposition occurred under strong anoxic conditions, high paleosalinity and yielded a high TOC content and an excellent potential shale gas source. The anoxic environment was destroyed at the late stages of Wufeng-Longmaxi deposition, the TOC content decreased, so that it is likely to be a high quality source rock. Organic pores acted as the key reservoir space in the shales, and the pores are mainly mesopose, with most pore diameters less than 20 nm. The siliceous shale has high TOC content and brittle mineral（quartz） content making it an important exploration target for shale oil and gas exploration.

关键词： Wufeng-Longmaxi shale sedimentary characteristics geochemistry paleo-environment restoration shale gas

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sedimentary characteristics of lacustrine deep-water gravity flow in the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第2期17卷 487-504页

作者： Yuanpei ZHANG Chuanhua LI Xuecai ZHANG Xuqing FANG Yong WANG Jinliang ZHANG Jun XIE Jinkai WANG College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Co. Dongying 257000China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Many types of sedimentary systems occur in the middle of the third member of the Shahejie Formation(E_(2)S_(3)^(2))of the Paleogene in the Dongying Sag east of the Bohai Bay *** to the topography and material supply,traction and gravity flow depositions are intertwined in this area,and the sand body types are complex and diverse,making it challenging to improve the accuracy of their description and prediction and restricting oil reservoir exploration and ***,this paper documents our systematic study of the sedimentary characteristics of the southern slope of Dongying Depression,the formation mechanism of different sand body types,and the prediction of sand body ***,according to the coring well’s single-well facies and vertical rock sequence,nine single lithofacies types and five lithofacies association types were *** with the well logging facies marks of all wells,the depositional models of delta and gravity flow depositional systems were established in the study ***,the gravity flow was divided into slip,collapse,debris flow,and turbidity flow according to its development ***,the distribution law of the gravity flow sedimentary facies type was *** flow sliding deposits are primarily distributed near the delta front,slump and clastic flow deposits are distributed near the far slope,and turbidity current deposits are distributed at the far *** the gradual shrinkage of the water body in the north-west direction and the continuous advancement of the river delta,the gravity flow sand body gradually disappears in the late E_(2)S_(3)^(2) and transits to delta plain deposition.

关键词： Dongying Sag gravity flow sedimentary characteristics Bohai Bay Basin

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sedimentary characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Lacustrine Beach-Bars in the Fourth Member of the Shahejie Formation in the Shubei Area, Western Depression of the Liaohe Oilfield, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第6期28卷 1178-1190页

作者： Yi Gao Xiaolong Jiang Fang Liu Xuying Wang Ruohan Liu School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences Beoing 100083 China Institute of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China School of Earth and Mineral Sciences The Pennsylvania State University 201 Old Main University Park PA 16802 United States Star Wisdom Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing 102200 China

Beach-bars are well developed in the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Shubei area, western depression of the Liaohe oilfield. The fourth member is composed of two three-order sequences, including a lower Sequence 1（SQ1） and an upper Sequence 2（SQ2）. SQ2, which is the focus of this study, comprises a lowstand systems tract（LST） and a transgressive system tract（TST）. Three types of beach-bars have been recognized： shallow-littoral lacustrine sandy beach-bars, semi-deep lacustrine storm-related sandy beach-bars and shallow-littoral lacustrine carbonate beach-bars. Paleo-environments during the deposition of SQ2, including the paleo-geomorphology, paleo-water depth and paleo-source have been reconstructed to determine the formation mechanisms of the different types of beach-bars. The shallow-littoral lacustrine sandy beach-bars formed mainly by waves and currents and were mostly deposited in the LST, where water depths ranged from 3 to 9 m and the terrestrial clast supply is sufficient. The storm-related sandy beach-bars developed in the TST in the southern part of the study area near previously massively deposited sand bodies where there was sufficient water depth to preserve them. The carbonate beach-bars formed primarily in the TST in the Shubei low buried hill belt where there was a lack of terrestrial clast supply and complex, uneven geomorphology that easily gave rise to a lagoonal environment.

关键词： beach-bars Shubei area sedimentary characteristics formation mechanisms western depression Liaohe oilfield

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sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies paleogeography of the Cambrian in Sichuan basin,Southwest China

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 224-242页

作者： Lin Xie Xuefei Yang Yanhong Zhang Yan Xu Deming Zeng Ruifeng Tang Yao Du Xingzhi Wang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Schlumberger China S.A. Beijing100016China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanySichuan Chengdu610041China

Cambrian in Sichuan basin developed thick black shale,varies carbonate and clastic rock,which deposited in different sedimentary *** basin in the upper Yangtze platform contained a record of environment during the *** facies analyses of Cambrian enable us to discuss the sedimentary environment and palaeogeographic *** commenced in the Early Cambrian with the deposition of shelf facies(Qiongzhusi Formation and Canglangpu Formation).At this stage,thick shale and clastic rock deposited in Sichuan *** the end of the Early Cambrian,a carbonate platform developed in upper Yangtze platform,and Sichuan basin was located in restricted platform(Longwangmiao Formation).In the Middle Cambrian,tidal flat and restricted platform developed in Sichuan basin(Douposi Formation),because of continuous *** the Late Cambrian,Sichuan basin was located in carbonate platform again(Xixiangchi Formation).There are three types of sedimentary system in the Cambrian of Sichuan basin:clastic sedimentary system,clastics-carbonate mixed sedimentary system and carbonate sedimentary ***,the basin shows the evolutionary character of clastic-carbonate sedimentary *** three sedimentary systems correspond to three“transgression-regression”cycles of the *** transgression in the initial period of the Early Cambrian led to the formation of clastic sedimentary system in the Qiongzhusi Formation of Lower *** transgression in the later period of the Early Cambrian led to the formation of clasticcarbonate mixed sedimentary system in the Middle-Lower *** transgression in the initial period of the Late Cambrian led to the formation of carbonate sedimentary system in the Xixiangchi Formation of Upper *** the end of Late Sinian continental rifting ended,Sichuan basin entered a stable evolutionary stage of the craton basin,while the paleo-land developed in the north and *** Qiongzhusi-

关键词： Sichuan basin Cambrian sedimentary characteristics Lithofacies paleogeography

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sedimentary characteristics and Paleoenvironmental Records of Zabuye Salt Lake,Tibetan Plateau,since 128 ka BP

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第5期81卷 861-874页

作者： ZHENG Mianping YUAN Heran LIU Junying LI Yanhe MA Zhibang SUN Qing Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environment Ministry of Land and Resources Beijing 100037 Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 National Research Center of Geoanalysis Beijing 100037

This paper for the first time reveals high-resolution core records of Zabuye Salt Lake in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to 1346 samples taken continuously, relatively accurate 14^C, U-series disequilibrium and ESR ages have been obtained, thus revealing that the lake core ages from 0 to 83.63 m of hole SZK02 are -800 to over 128 ka. In the paper, the lake core sedimentary characteristics （including the lithologies and mineral assemblages） are analyzed in detail and correlated with ostracod assemblages I to XX and sporopollen zones A to I, and on the basis of an integrated analysis of the δ^18O values of authigenic calcium-magnesium carbonate and environmental proxies of minerals, sporopollen and microfossils in the lake core, a correlation has been made of oxygen isotope change between this lake core and the Greenland GISP2 and GRIP and Guliya ice cores, and the climate of Zabuye Salt Lake since 128 ka BP is divided into the last interglacial stage （including substages e, d, c, b and a） of oxygen isotope stage （OIS） 5, early glacial stadial of the last glacial stage of OIS 4, interglacial stadial of the last glacial stage of OIS 3, late glacial stadial of the last glacial stage or Last Glacial Maximum of OIS 2 and postglacial state of OIS 1; in addition, 6 Heinrich （H6-H1） events, Younger Dryas event and 8.2 ka BP cold event have been recognized.

关键词： Zabuye Salt Lake 130 ka BP sedimentary characteristics paleoenvironmental record

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sedimentary characteristics and Reservoir Prediction of Paleogene in the East Part of Kuqa Foreland Basin

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2006年第2期17卷 138-145,157页

作者：严德天王华王家豪王清晨 Laboratoryof Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Earth Resources China University of Geosciences Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Most of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic large-scale hydrocarbon-bearing basins in western China were formed in a similar foreland setting. Hydrocarbon exploration of the Kuqa foreland basin requires research into the sedimentary characteristics and filling evolution of the depositional sequences and their response to the basin process. Based on an analysis of outcrops, well logs and high resolution seismic data, the sedimentary system types and distribution characteristics of the Paleogene in the east part of Kuqa foreland basin were systematically studied. The results show that：（ 1 ） Three types of sedimentary systems are developed in the area： an oxidative salty wide shallow lacustrine system, a fan delta system and an evaporitic bordersea system. （2） The configuration and evolution of the depositional systems of the Paleogene in the Kuqa foreland basin were predominantly determined by foreland tectonism. Vertically, the Paleogene sedimentary sequence can be divided into three parts： the lower, middle and upper depositional system tracts. The lower and upper tracts commonly consist of progradational or aggradational sequences, while the middle part is usually comprised of a set of aggradational to transgressive third-order sequences. Laterally, the sedimentary systems in the east part of the Kuqa foreland basin spread from east to west as a whole, and the sedimentary facies obviously vary from south to north. The sand bodies of the delta front facies are excellent gas reservoirs, characterized by rather thick, extensive and continuous distribution, high porosity and permeability, and just a few barrier beds.

关键词： sedimentary characteristics reservoir prediction Paleogene east area of Kuqa foreland basin.

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sedimentary characteristics of Relict Deposits on the Western South Yellow Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2014年第2期13卷 205-214页

作者： WEN Chun LIU Jian WANG Hong XU Gang QIU Jiandong ZHANG Junqiang College of Marine Geo-science Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environment Geology Ministry of Land and Resources Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology Ministry of Land and Resources

Integrated studies of vertical sedimentary sequences, grain sizes, and benthic foraminifera and ostracoda, in combination with AMS 14C dating, and 210pb and 137Cs analysis were carried out in three vibracores taken from the area of relict deposits on the western South Yellow Sea. The relict sands, which are about 0.4 m thick, overlie on the Early Holocene coastal marsh or tidal fiat deposits with an evident erosional interface in between. The middle and upper parts or sometimes the whole of the relict sands have been reworked under the modern dynamic environment. The sedimentation rate varies between 0.204）.30 cmyear-l. The relict sands show a bimodal grain-size distribution pattern in frequency curves, with a sharp peak in the coarse fraction between 3（I） and 4（I） and a secondary peak in the fine fraction of about 7（I）. Of the benthic foraminiferal and ostracod assemblages, the reworked relict sands are characterized by the mixing of the nearshore euryhaline shallow-water species and deeper water species. The erosional interface at the bottom of the relict sands is considered as a regional ravinement surface formed during the transgression in the Early Holocene due to shoreface retreating landwards. The relict sands were accumulated on the ravinement surface during the transgression in the deglaciation period as lag deposits after winnowing and reworking by marine dynamic processes. And the secondary peak of fine fraction in the frequency curve for the relict sands suggests the input of fine-grained sediments during the reworking process. As the conclusion, the relict sands in the study area are interpreted as a type of reworked relict sediments.

关键词： relict sediments sedimentary characteristics deglaciation period western South Yellow Sea

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Lithofacies and sedimentary characteristics of the Silurian Longmaxi Shale in the southeastern Sichuan Basin,China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2013年第3期2卷 238-251页

作者： Jiang Zaixing Guo Ling Liang Chao College of Energy China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Department of Geology Northwest University

The Silurian Longmaxi Shale (SLS) is the target for shale gas exploration and exploitation in the southeastern Sichuan *** on detailed description of cores and outcrops,analysis of Gamma Ray (GR) logs,thin sections and mineralogical data,the SLS can be subdivided into six lithofacies:(1) clayey shale,(2) siliceous calcareous shale,(3) siliceous dolomitic shale,(4) silty-clayey interlaminated shale,(5) muddy siltstone,and (6) graptolite *** facies associations are recognized in the study area,i.e.,inner shelf,outer shelf,and bathyal plain (including turbidite) *** shelf and bathyal plain facies dominate the lower interval of the SLS,while inner shelf facies dominates the upper part of the *** thickness of the black shale in the northern part of the study area is the greatest,where siliceous calcareous shale,siliceous dolomitic shale,and graptolite shale are *** three kinds of shale are rich in total organic carbon (TOC) content and brittle minerals,which is favourable for the accumulation of shale gas and its future exploitation.

关键词： Longmaxi Shale Silurian lithofacies sedimentary characteristics Sichuan Basin

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The sedimentary characteristics and Environmental Significance of Saline Lake Shore in North Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第S1期88卷 15-16页

作者： LI Jinsuo ZHENG Mianping LIU Xifang Key Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources and Environment CAGS Institute of Mineral resource Chinese Academy of Geological science

Introduction Through the study of environmental change indicators:landform,strata sedimentary characteristics,mineralogy characteristics and Grain-size,magnetic susceptibility analysis for 3101 cm height profile of Dogai Coring salt lake shore in the northern of Tibet plateau,the conclusion is roughly obtained about six major climate change process:

关键词： Dogai Coring saline lake sedimentary characteristics Climate change Climatic vacillation

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characteristics of Milankovitch Cycles in the Mid-Permian Liangshan and Qixia Formations of the Sichuan Basin——Examples from Well-Long17 and Well-Wujia1

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第5期86卷 1045-1059页

作者： ZHANG Yunbo JIA Chengzao ZHAO Zongju JIANG Zaixing XU Jie China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083China Chinese Petroleum Society Beijing 100724China

The Liangshan and Qixia formations in the Sichuan Basin of central China were formed in the earlier middle Permian. Based on outcrop observation of the Changjianggou section at Shangsi, Guangyuan region and 3 rd -order sequence division in typical drillings, one-dimensional spectrum analysis has been used to choose the better curve between the natural gamma ray spectrometry log（ln （Th/K）） in Well-Long17 and the gamma ray log（GR） in Well-Wujia1, respectively, for identifying Milankovitch cycles in Sequence PSQ1 which comprises the Liangshan and Qixia formations, and then to identify the variation in the Milankovitch cycle sequences. On this basis, the system tract and 4 th -order sequence interfaces in Sequence PSQ1 were found via two-dimensional spectral analysis and digital filtering. Finally, a high-frequency sequence division program was established. Among these cycles, long eccentricity （413.0 ka） and short eccentricity （123.0 ka） are the most unambiguous, and they are separately the major control factors in forming 4 th -order （parasequence sets） and 5 th -order （parasequences） sequences, with the average thicknesses corresponding to the main cycles being 11.47 m and 3.32 m in Well-Long17, and 14.21 m and 3.79 m in Well-Wujia1, respectively. In other words, the deposition rate in the beach subfacies is faster than that of the inner ramp facies. The ln（Th/K） curve is more sensitive than the GR as the index of relatively ancient water depth in carbonate deposition. One-dimensional spectrum analysis of ln（Th/K） curve could distinguish the Milankovitch cycle sequences that arose from the Precession cycle （20.90 ka）, with a much higher credibility. Sequence PSQ1 in Well-Long17 contains 10 4 th -order sequences, and the growth span of Sequence PSQ1 consisting of the Liangshan and Qixia formations is about 4.13 Ma. The single deposition thickness of the long eccentricity cycle sequence has the characteristics of thinning and then thickening in the two-dimensional spec

关键词： sedimentary characteristics Thorium/Potassium (Th/K) ratio logs Milankovitch cycle Permian Sichuan basin

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