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Modelling sediment delivery using connectivity components at the experimental SPA2 basin, Sicily(Italy)

Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第9期15卷 1868-1880页

作者： Costanza DI STEFANO Vito FERRO Department of Agricultural Food and Forest Sciences University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Department of Earth and Marine Sciences University of Palermo

sediment delivery ratio can be used as a measure of sediment connectivity and it can be linked to the structural connectivity(morphological unit, slope length, slope steepness, travel time) of a basin and to the functional connectivity(rainfall-runoff processes at morphological unit scale). In this paper the sediment connectivity approach was applied at basin scale both using sediment delivery Distributed(SEDD) model, which takes into account the hillslope sediment transport, and sediment yield measurements carried out at SPA2 experimental basin(Sicily, Italy). The expression of the sediment delivery ratio SDRi of a morphological unit was modified for highlighting two components corresponding to the structural(SDR_(L,i)) and functional(SDR_(F,i)) sediment connectivity, respectively. For SPA2 basin the frequency distribution of the travel time of each morphological unit was used to estimate the coefficient βL of the structural component of the sediment delivery ratio of each morphological unit. Then, using the sediment yield measurements carried out at the outlet of the experimental SPA2 basin in the period April 2000-March 2015, the SEDD model was calibrated at event scale for estimating the coefficient βF of the functional component of the sediment delivery ratio. At event scale the developed analysis stated that the functional connectivity is dependent on the magnitude of erosion events. Intermediate and high events, which were characterized by the lowest values of the functional coefficient, determine a more high functional connectivity and are characterized by a more efficient sediment transport along the hillslopes. Finally, at annual scale, the model was calibrated for the period 2000-2015 and relationships for estimating the coefficient βF,a of the functional component of the sediment delivery ratio taking into account the intensity of erosion events occurring in each year were determined. At annual scale, the analysis demonstrated that the functional coeffic

关键词： Soil erosion sediment delivery sediment connectivity Experimental basin SEDD

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Improving cross drain systems to minimize sediment delivery using GIS

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第4期14卷 299-306页

作者： Ehsan ABDI Saeed Rahbari SISAKHT Mostafa Moghadami RAD Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Tehran

A well developed network of roads must exist as a necessary infrastructure system in modem forestry to facilitate forest op- erations. But forest roads have the potential to disrupt the drainage characteristics of watersheds and lead to negative impacts on the environment with increased erosion and sediment yields. Numerous factors affect surface erosion of roads and sediment production potential; determining and ranking them could be a guide for management decisions to erosion control. In this study, the CULSED model （as an extension of ArcGIS） was used to estimate sediment delivery and the distribution of a road network, given the exist- ing culverts. Using the model, some culverts were added to the road network around places with high sediment delivery in order to minimize it. After a correlation analysis and adjustment between sediment production and the factors, i.e., road width, road gradient, age of road and vegetation cover, the trend of changes in sediment delivery with model changes in the input was investigated with a sensitivity analysis of the model. The results show that adding new culverts to the road resulted in a significant reduction of sediment delivery. The most important factor affecting sediment delivery was road width, followed by road gradient, vegetation cover and age of road. Road width and gradient were positively correlated with sediment delivery, while vegetation cover and age of road were neg- atively correlated. The best model to show the relation between sediment delivery and road width as well as with road gradient was a linear model, for vegetation cover a cubic equation and for road age a power model. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that sediment delivery had the greatest sensitivity to changes of road width and was least sensitive to changes in the age of the road. This model can help to estimate sediment delivery with its spatial distribution, which can be used for optimization of cross drain systems and strategies of

关键词： forest road cross drain culvert sediment delivery sensitivity analysis CULSED

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Soil Erosion and sediment Control Effects in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2011年第4期2卷 289-297页

作者：崔鹏葛永刚林勇明中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所成都610041 福建农林大学林学院福州350002

The Three Gorges Reservoir, the world’s largest hydropower reservoir, receives a significant sediment yield from soil erosion. Sloping farmland is the main source, exacerbated by changes in land use from relocating the inhabitants, and from engineering projects related to dam construction. Related geo-hazards, including landsliding of valley-side slopes, will further increase the sediment yield to the completed reservoir. Integrated watershed management, begun extensively in 1989, has effectively controlled soil erosion and sediment delivery to date. What is described here as the Taipinxi Mode of integrated watershed management, based on its application in the 26.14 km2 watershed of that name in Yiling District, has been successful and is recommended for the entire region. The effects of this set of erosion-mitigation measures are assessed, using experienced formulas for soil and water conservation and information from remote sensing. The amount of soil erosion, and of sediment delivery to the reservoir were reduced by 43.75–45.94 × 106 t y-1, and by 12.25–12.86 × 106 t y-1, respectively, by 2005, by which time the project had been operative for 16 years.

关键词： soil erosion sediment yield sediment delivery soil and water conservation watershed management Three Gorges Reservoir Region

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