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Morphologies of secondary austenite in 2507 duplex stainless steel after heat treatment

Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第6期29卷 994-1003页

作者： Xiao-han Wu Zhi-gang Song Bao-shun Wang Ming-hua Wu Qi-liang Nai Liang Yao Han Feng Wen-jie Zheng School of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Special Steel Institute Central Iron&Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China Engineering Research Center of High-Performance Nuclear Power Pipe Forming of Zhejiang Province Huzhou 313028ZhejiangChina Yongxing Special Stainless-Steel Co. Ltd.Huzhou 313005ZhejiangChina Zhejiang Jiuli Hi-Tech Metals Co. Ltd.Huzhou 313028ZhejiangChina

The microstructure evolution of secondary austenite in 2507 duplex stainless steel was investigated by means of optical metallography,scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser *** types of secondary austenite(γ2)morphologies including partially transformed austenite,grain boundary austenite,Widmannstätten austenite(WA)and intragranular austenite could be formed during cooling after solution *** was concluded that secondary austenite morphology was mainly dependent on cooling *** mechanisms of WA formation were *** nucleated at grain boundary of ferrite or at the formed phase *** electron microscopy(TEM)analysis displayed that WA grew in parallel to the *** effects of Cr_(2)N on secondary austenite precipitation were discussed in *** Cr_(2)N was involved,a mechanism was proposed that secondary austenite formed by element diffusion,leading to the migration of the austenite–ferrite ***_(2)N acted as the nucleation sites forγ2 and provided the nitrogen for the transformation;meanwhile,the precipitation of Cr_(2)N during the rapid cooling was captured by TEM.A process of nucleation followed by diffusion was concluded to be the formation of secondary austenite with no Cr_(2)N *** decomposition of secondary austenite was also studied,which was found to be a diffusion mechanism followed by displacement in connection with the element distribution.

关键词： secondary austenite Duplex stainless steel Heat treatment Cooling rate Element diffusion

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secondary instability of separated shear layers

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第1期32卷 37-44页

作者： Zhiyin YANG Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Built Environment College of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of Derby

The process through which a laminar flow undergoes transition to turbulence is of great fundamental and practical interest. Such a process is hugely complex as there are many diverse routes for a laminar flow to become turbulent flow. The transition process is usually initiated by flow instabilities—a primary instability stage followed by a secondary instability stage. This forms a rational framework for the early stage of a transition process and it is crucially important to understand the physics of instabilities leading to turbulence. This article reviews the results of studies on secondary instability of separated shear layers in separation bubbles and summaries the current status of our understanding in this area.

关键词： Primary instability secondary instability Separated shear layers Separation bubbles Transition

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secondary organic aerosols in Jinan, an urban site in North China: Significant anthropogenic contributions to heavy pollution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 107-115页

作者： Yusi Liu Xingru Li Guiqian Tang Lili Wang Bo Lv Xueqing Guo Yuesi Wang Department of Chemistry Analytical and Testing Center Capital Normal University State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorology Administration Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Jinan Environmental Monitoring Center

secondary organic aerosols(SOAs) are an important component of particulates, but whether biogenic SOAs(BSOAs) or anthropogenic SOAs(ASOAs) are the dominant contributors to haze pollution remains poorly characterized. In this study, particulate samples were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 at an urban site in Jinan, which is the capital of Shandong Province and a typical city in the North China Plain. The PM2.5 samples were analyzed for BSOA(isoprene(SOAI) and monoterpenes(SOAM)) and ASOA(aromatic(SOAA)) tracers. The concentrations of the SOAAtracer(1.1 ± 1.0 ng/m3) were lowest, and those of SOAItracers(41.8 ± 86.2 ng/m3) were highest, with the concentrations of SOAMtracers(19.4 ± 9.9 ng/m3) being intermediate. The SOAItracers were more abundant in the summer and less abundant in the winter. Both SOAIand SOAMincreased with increasing ozone level but decreased with increasing NOx level. Correlation analysis revealed a good correlation between 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid and levoglucosan levels in three seasons. These results suggested that biomass burning activities occurring in the NCP can enhance the emissions of aromatics and should be controlled, especially in the autumn and winter. SOA tracers were classified according to pollution degree, and the results showed that as pollution increases, the contributions of SOAAincrease. These results indicate that reducing anthropogenic emissions is necessary to prevent SOA pollution, especially during heavy pollution episodes.

关键词： Seasonal variations Biogenic secondary organic aerosols Biomass burning Anthropogenic contributions

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secondary non-resectable liver tumors:A single-center living-donor and deceased-donor liver transplantation case series

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第5期18卷 412-422页

作者： Jan Lerut Samuele Iesari Gaetan Vandeplas Tiziana Fabbrizio Kevin Ackenine Milton Eduardo Inostroza Nunez Mina Komuta Laurent Coubeau Olga Ciccarelli Eliano Bonaccorsi-Riani BrusselsBelgium Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly Starzl Abdominal Transplant Unit University Hospitals Saint-LucUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium Hepatobilio-pancreatic Unit Las Higueras HospitalTalcahuanoChile Department of Pathology University Hospitals Saint-LucUniversite catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium

Background: During the last decades, deceased-donor liver transplantation (DDLT) has gained a place in the therapeutic algorithm of well-selected patients harbouring non-resectable secondary liver tumors. Living-donor LT (LDLT) might represent a valuable means to further expand this indication for LT. Methods: Between 1985 and 2016, twenty-two adults were transplanted because of neuroendocrine ( n = 18, 82%) and colorectal metastases ( n = 4, 18%);50% received DDLT and 50% LDLT. In LDLT, 4 (36%) right and 7 (64%) left grafts were used;the median graft-to-recipient-weight ratios (GRWR) were 1.03%(IQR 0.86%- 1.30%) and 0.59%(IQR 0.51%- 0.91%), respectively. Median post-LT follow-up was 64 months (IQR 17–107) in the DDLT group and 40 months (IQR 35–116) in the LDLT group. DDLT and LDLT recipients were compared in terms of overall survival, graft survival, postoperative complications and recurrence. Results: The 1- and 5-year actuarial patient survivals were 82% and 55% after DDLT, 100% and 100% after LDLT, respectively ( P secondary liver malignancies. The absence of portal hypertension and the use of smaller left grafts make recipient and donor surgeries safe. The safety of the procedures and lack of interference with the scarce allograft pool are expected to lead to a more frequent use of LDLT in the field of transplant oncology.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Living-donor liver transplantation Liver metastasis Neuroendocrine tumor secondary liver tumors

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secondary Cones of the Shatsky Rise and Implications for Late-Stage Volcanism Atop Oceanic Plateaus

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第5期18卷 1115-1122页

作者： ZHANG Jinchang CHEN Jie HUANG Yanming CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Fourth Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeihai 536007China South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research Ministry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 510310China Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of EducationYangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China

Oceanic plateaus are large igneous provinces in the oceans,created by massive underwater eruptions,but their late-stage volcanism is poorly *** the addition of recent high-quality bathymetric data to existing data,286 secondary cones were discovered over Shatsky Rise oceanic *** cones with steeper flank slopes(mean 6.1°±4.4°)and smaller sizes(102–1923 m in height)are morphologically distinct from the plateau,and they are thought to have formed after the main volcanic *** height and characteristic height(420 m)are close to seamounts in the Pacific Ocean,whereas greater than those in the Atlantic *** flatness of Shatsky Rise’s cones(0.25±0.20)are similar to that of seamounts in both Pacific and Atlantic Oceans,but notably density in cone distribution(0.56 km^-3)and their mean slope are significantly lower than those of seamounts in the two *** slopes of secondary cones within Shatsky Rise may be explained by higher effusion rates of remaining *** cone formation was expected to have a link to rifting by seafloor spreading,weak relationship between cone orientation and magnetic anomaly pattern implies that the expectation is ***,weak correlation between the cone height and depth indicates it is not true that volcanic cones grow taller when they occur closer to the massif summits with thicker oceanic crust,which was suggested as the increase in hydraulic *** height and flatness are also not strongly related,implying that remaining magma supply was too limited to foster the cones to critical height.

关键词： Shatsky Rise oceanic plateau secondary cone late-stage volcanism underwater eruption submarine volcano

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secondary doping phenomena of conductive polyaniline composite

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第9期42卷 744-748页

作者： Ma, YM Chen, CY Guo, JS Xie, HQ Department of Chemistry Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

FURTHER development of the'doping'concept in the area of conductive polymers is based onthe following facts:polyaniline(PAn)doped by camphorsulfonic acid(CSA)and cast fromm-cresol solution has a conductivity 10~3 times higher than that cast from chloroform *** first metallic behavior of PAn cast from m-cresol was observed,*** decreas-

关键词： polyaniline composite secondary doping electric conductor.

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secondary endoscopic submucosal dissection for locally recurrent or incompletely resected gastric neoplasms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第33期24卷 3776-3785页

作者： Da Hyun Jung Young Hoon Youn Jie-Hyun Kim Jae Jun Park Hyojin Park Department of Internal Medicine Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine

AIM To investigate the feasibility and safety of secondary endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) for residual or locally recurrent gastric tumors. METHODS Between 2010 and 2017, 1623 consecutive patients underwent ESD for gastric neoplasms at a single tertiary referral center. Among these, 28 patients underwent secondary ESD for a residual or locally recurrent tumor. Our analysis compared clinicopathologic factors between primary ESD and secondary ESD groups. RESULTS The en bloc resection and curative rate of resection of secondary ESD were 92.9% and 89.3%, respectively. The average procedure time of secondary ESD was significantly longer than primary ESD(78.2 min vs 55.1 min, P = 0.004), and the adverse events rate was not significantly different but trended slightly higher in the secondary ESD group compared to the primary ESD group(10.7% vs 3.8%, P = 0.095). Patients who received secondary ESD had favorable outcomes without severe adverse events. During a mean follow-up period, no local recurrence occurred in patients who received secondary ESD. CONCLUSION secondary ESD of residual or locally recurrent gastric tumors appears to be a feasible and curative treatment though it requires greater technical efficiency and longer procedure time.

关键词： secondary endoscopic submucosal dissection Endoscopic submucosal dissection Gastric neoplasms Residual tumors Recurrent tumors

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A monitoring-modeling approach to SO_4^(2-) and NO_3^- secondary conversion ratio estimation during haze periods in Beijing, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 293-302页

作者： Xiaoqi Wang Wei Wei Shuiyuan Cheng Chong Zhang Wenjiao Duan Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Beijing University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Beijing City Traffic Beijing University of Technology

SO_4^(2-) and NO_3^- are important chemical components of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),especially during haze *** study selected two haze episodes in Beijing,China with similar meteorological conditions.A monitoring-modeling approach was developed to estimate the secondary conversion ratios of sulfur and nitrogen based on monitored and simulated *** showed that in Episode 1(24th–25th October,2014),the concentrations(proportions)of SO_4^(2-) and NO_3^- reached 35.1μg/m^3(14.9%) and 55.0μg/m^3(22.9%),while they reached 14.4μg/m^3(9.3%) and 59.1μg/m^3(38.1%)in Episode 2(26th–27th October,2017).A modeling system was applied to apportion Beijing's SO_4^(2-) and NO_3^- in primary and secondary SO_4^(2-)/NO_3^- emitted from local and regional ***,secondary conversion contributions considering the local and regional level were *** former primarily focused on Beijing atmospheric oxidation ability and the latter mainly considered the existence form of Beijing SO_4^(2-)/NO_3^- under the regional transport ***,secondary oxidation ratios were estimated through combining secondary conversion contribution coefficients for simulated and monitored *** regional level,sulfur oxidation ratios in polluted(clean)days during two sampling periods were0.57–0.72(0.07–0.52)and 0.74–0.80(0.08–0.61),nitrogen oxidation ratios were 0.20–0.29(0.05–0.15)and 0.34–0.38(0.02–0.29),indicating that atmospheric oxidation was enhanced when considering regional transport through 2014–*** the local level,sulfur oxidation ratios were 0.66–0.71(0.04–0.48)in haze(clean)days,while nitrogen oxidation ratios were0.16–0.29(0.02–0.16).The atmospheric oxidation ability markedly increased in PM_(2.5)pollution days,but changed only slightly between the two periods.

关键词： Haze periods SO42- and NO3- secondary conversion secondary oxidation ratio

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secondary Extinction in Large Single Crystal

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Chinese journal of nuclear physics 1995年第1期17卷 67-72页

作者： Hu, Huachen Yang, Bin Yang, Zhen Feng, Dachun Zhou, Yunsong China Inst of Atomic Energy Beijing China

Universal expressions for the secondary extinction factor in X-ray andneutron crystallography are developed,based on an exact solution of the power transferequations using three dimensionless *** a demonstration of the feasibility ofthese expressions,the long-debated problem of diffraction in a large lithium fluoridesingle crystal is reanalyzed by using Lawrence’s data set,with all the hitherto omittedstrong reflections (Y down to 0.20) included,and a R factor value of less than 0.014 isobtained.

关键词： secondary extinction X-ray diffraction Neutron diffraction

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Sensitive and Label-Free Detection of Protein secondary Structure by Amide Ⅲ Spectral Signals using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2019年第5期32卷 603-610页

作者： Kang-zhen Tian Chang-chun Cao Xin-ming Nie Wen Wang Cai-qin Han Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China The 95979 Army of Chinese People's Liberation Army Taian 271200 China

Proteins and peptides perform a vital role in living systems, however it remains a challenge for accurate description of proteins at the molecular level. Despite that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can provide the intrinsic fingerprint information of samples with ultrahigh sensitivity, it suffers from the poor reproducibility and reliability. Herein, we demonstrate that the silver nanorod array fabricated by an oblique angle deposition method is a powerful substrate for SERS to probe the protein secondary structures without exogenous labels. With this method, the SERS signals of two typical proteins (lysozyme and cytochrome c) are successfully obtained. Additionally, by analyzing the spectral signals of the amide Ⅲ of protein backbone, the influence of concentration on the folding status of proteins has been elucidated. With the concentration increasing, the components of α-helix and β-sheet structures of lysozyme increase while the secondary structures of cytochrome c almost keep constant. The SERS method in this work offers an effective optical marker to characterize the structures of proteins.

关键词： Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy Silver nanorod Protein secondary structures

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