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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2024年第1期13卷 86-93页

作者： Ahmed Al Kubaish Jamal Salama Water Quality Section Saline Water Conversion Corporation Al-Khobar Saudi Arabia

This article examines the influence of seawater temperature and total dissolved solids (TDS) on reverse osmosis (RO) desalination in the Arabian Gulf region, with a focus on the impact of climate change. The study highlights the changes in seawater temperature and TDS levels over the years and discusses their effects on the efficiency and productivity of RO desalination plants. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring TDS levels and controlling seawater temperature to optimize water production. The article also suggests various solutions, including intensive pre-treatment, development of high-performance membranes, exploration of alternative water sources, and regulation of discharges into the Gulf, to ensure sustainable water supply in the face of rising TDS levels and seawater temperature. Further research and comprehensive monitoring are recommended to understand the implications of these findings and develop effective strategies for the management of marine resources in the Arabian Gulf.

关键词： Climate Change Temperature Reverse Osmosis seawater Total Dissolved Solids Desalination

Study of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Concentrations Factor of SWCC Al-Khobar Plant seawater Intakes

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2024年第1期13卷 1-12页

作者： Ahmed Al-Kubaish Jamal Salama Waleed Al-Jurayan Water Quality Section Al-Khobar Production System Saline Water Conversion Corporation Al-Khobar Saudi Arabia

This study presents a significant contribution to the field of water quality assessment and sustainable water management practices. By evaluating the levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) in seawater intakes within Al-Khobar desalination production system, the study addresses a crucial aspect of water treatment and environmental impact assessment. The findings provide valuable insights into the variations and trends of TDS levels across different phases of the system, highlighting the importance of monitoring and management strategies. The study provided both gravimetric total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements to analyze TDS calculation factor and evaluate measurement accuracy. Results revealed significant variations in TDS levels across the sampling locations, with phase-2 exhibiting higher levels and greater fluctuations. Phase-3 displayed similar trends but with lower TDS levels, while phase-4 showed slightly different behavior with higher average TDS levels. EC measurements demonstrated a strong correlation with TDS, providing a reliable estimation. However, additional methods such as gravimetric analysis should be employed to confirm TDS measurements. The findings contribute to understanding water quality in the Al-Khobar desalination system, aiding in monitoring, management, and decision-making processes for water treatment and environmental impact assessment. The study enhances the credibility of water quality assessments and supports sustainable water management practices.

关键词： Total Dissolved Solids Conductivity seawater Desalination

Effect of cathodic potential on stress corrosion cracking behavior of 21Cr2NiMo steel in simulated seawater

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第2期29卷 263-270页

作者： Menghao Liu Zhiyong Liu Cuiwei Du Xiaoqin Zhan Chunduo Dai Yue Pan Xiaogang Li Corrosion and Protection Center University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 10083China Zhengmao Group Co. Ltd.Zhenjiang 212000China

This study aims at providing systematically insights to clarify the impact of cathodic polarization on the stress corrosion cracking(SCC)behavior of 21 Cr2 NiMo ***-strain-rate tensile tests demonstrated that 21 Cr2 NiMo steel is highly sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement at strong cathodic *** lowest SCC susceptibility occurred at-775 mV ***,whereas the SCC susceptibility was remarkably higher at potentials below-950 mV *** electron microscopy(SEM)and electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)revealed that the cathodic potential decline caused a transition from transgranular to intergranular mode in the fracture *** intergranular mode transformed from bainite boundaries separation to prior austenitic grain boundaries separation under stronger cathodic ***,corrosion pits promoted the nucleation of SCC *** conclusion,with the decrease in the applied potential,the SCC mechanism transformed from the combination of hydrogen embrittlement and anodic dissolution to typical hydrogen embrittlement.

关键词： stress corrosion cracking cathodic potential hydrogen embrittlement seawater high-strength low-alloy steel

Hollow Zn/Co zeolitic imidazolate framework-implanted composite hydrogel for highly efficient uranium extraction from seawater

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Nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 10451-10461页

作者： Yucheng Song Xin Ma Huanhuan Tan Zhong Liu Chuntai Liu Changyu Shen Peipei Yang Songwei Li National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold(Ministry of Education)Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Salt LakesQinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Henan Tuoren Medical Device Co. Ltd.Weiyuan Industrial ParkChangyuan 453400China

Efficient capture of uranium(VI)(U(VI))from seawater is of great significance to the sustainable development of nuclear energy and environmental protection,which is also a serious challenge at *** this study,hollow Zn/Co zeolitic imidazolate framework(H-ZIF)was decorated on polyacrylamide/sodium alginate(PAM/SA)hydrogel by chelating and covalently crosslinking,and a new type of PAM/SA/H-ZIF hydrogel was *** combination of PAM/SA and H-ZIF gives PAM/SA/H-ZIF hydrogel excellent mechanical properties,good stability,and abundant surface functional groups,which is beneficial to improving the adsorption *** extraction amount of U(VI)by PAM/SA/H-ZIF is 171.14 mg·g^(-1)at C_(0)=99.52 mg·L^(-1)and pH=*** adsorption equilibrium is reached in 120 min and the adsorption process fits well with Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order rate *** PAM/SA/H-ZIF also showed good recyclability and stability after 10 cycles of *** importantly,the rate of uranium adsorption is 0.196 mg·g^(-1)·day^(-1)after 30 days,which implies that the PAM/SA/H-ZIF could serve as a potential adsorbent for the development of uranium capture from seawater.

关键词： hydrogel hollow metal-organic framework uranium capture seawater

Mix design optimization of seawater sea sand coral aggregate concrete

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第2期66卷 378-389页

作者： SUN Li YANG ZeYu QIN RenYuan WANG Chao School of Civil Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyang 110168China School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

With the resource shortage in coastal areas,the construction of concrete structures using freshwater and river sand has brought great economic and environmental *** use of seawater,sea sand,and coral aggregates in concrete mixes has become an alternative solution for coastal and marine structures,especially for offshore structures and artificial *** this study,378 seawater,sea sand,and coral aggregate concrete(Coral-SWSSC)specimens were prepared,and their mechanical properties were investigated comprehensively through compressive tests to explore the optimized mix design at different *** showed that the mechanical properties of Coral-SWSSC were strongly correlated with the water-to-binder ratios,coastal particle gradings,and pretreatment method of coastal *** on the experimental results,mix proportion designs of CoralSWSSC were proposed for concrete from C20 to C50 grades,and the failure mechanism of Coral-SWSSC at different grades was discussed according to their respective failure *** findings of the current study provide knowledge on the optimized design of Coral-SWSSC,which can be used to promote the application of Coral-SWSSC in offshore,marine,and ocean engineering.

关键词： coral aggregate concrete sea sand seawater compressive strength failure mechanism mix proportion design

Thermoresponsive Al^(3+)-crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/alginate composite for green recovery of lithium from Li-spiked seawater

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Green Energy & Environment 2022年第2期7卷 334-344页

作者： Sung Ho Park Sang Joon Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang790-784South Korea

With the rapid increase in the demand for lithium as an energy-critical element,the recovery of Li+ions from seawater is a worldwide challenging ***,we propose a new facile and fast selective recovery approach of Li+using an Al^(3+)-crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm)/alginate(Alg)(PNP/Alg(Al)) *** in situ TEM images indicate that Alg-Al^(3+)coordination is reorganized via the rearrangement of PNIPAAm and Alg networks,as the temperature *** reorganization eventually leads to the formation of polycrystalline *** in situ FTIR results exhibit that PNP/Alg(Al) composite has peculiar phase transitions,which includes a retrogressive phase change from hydrophobic to *** synergetic effect of the strong repulsion force of Al^(3+) ions and the attractive force of negatively charged polymeric chains enables the efficient adsorption of Li+ions with a low affinity from Li-spiked seawater.7.3% of Li+ions are recovered from Li-spiked seawater although the concentration of Li-spiked seawater is very *** addition,Li+ions can be extracted from PNP/Alg(Al) composite with the use of a small thermal *** proposed thermoresponsive IPN gel provides a strong potential in practical applications for Li+recovery as an innovative energy-material strategy.

关键词： structure seawater lithium

Scalable synthesis of ultra‐small Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT for efficient seawater splitting

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第4期43卷 1148-1155页

作者： Dan Zhang Hongfu Miao Xueke Wu Zuochao Wang Huan Zhao Yue Shi Xilei Chen Zhenyu Xiao Jianping Lai Lei Wang Key Laboratory of Eco‐Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life ScienceTaishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco‐Chemical Process and TechnologyQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042ShandongChina

In this study,an ultra‐fast and simple solvent‐free microwave method was successfully demonstrated using a series of ultra‐small(~2.5 nm)surfactant‐free Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT heterostructures for the first *** structure has a high‐density Ru component and Ru_(2)P component interface,which accelerates the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The prepared Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT demonstrated excellent catalytic effects for the HER in alkaline media and real *** experimental results indicate that ratio‐optimized Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT(Ru_(2)P:Ru=66:34)requires only 23 and 29 mV to reach 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1.0 mol/L KOH and real seawater,*** values are 10 and 24 mV lower than those of commercial Pt/C in 1.0 mol/L KOH(33 mV)and real seawater(53 mV),respectively,making it among the best non‐Pt HER reported in the ***,the TOF of Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT in alkaline freshwater and seawater were 13.1 and 8.5 s^(-1),*** exceed the corresponding values for Pt/C,indicating that the catalyst has excellent intrinsic *** high current activity of Ru_(2)P@Ru/CNT in 1.0 mol/L KOH was explored,and only 77 and 104 mV were required to reach 500 and 1000 mA cm^(-2),*** 100 h of durability testing,the catalyst retained excellent catalytic and structural stability in low current density,high current density,and seawater.

关键词： Ultra‐small nanoparticles Phosphide Multi‐interface Solvent‐free microwave method seawater splitting

Eddy current loss analysis and frequency optimization design of double-sided LCC-IPT system in seawater environment

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第2期65卷 407-418页

作者： SUN Pan WU XuSheng CAI Jin WANG XiaoNa ZHANG XiaoChen LIANG Yan XIONG Qiao RONG EnGuo School of Electrical Engineering Navy University of EngineeringWuhan 430033China

Inductive power transfer system can generate eddy current when operating in seawater medium. On the one hand, it can cause eddy current loss, and reduce operating efficiency of the system. On the other hand, it can change parameters of the system and increase difficulty of system design. To grasp the influence mechanism of seawater on the inductive power transfer system,firstly, an equivalent circuit model of double-sided inductor-capacitor-capacitor(LCC) inductive power transfer system in seawater environment was established based on loosely-coupled transformer model of eddy current. Then, based on Maxwell’s equations, the distribution function of the magnetic field and electric current density along radium direction of the coupling coils in seawater medium was obtained by analytical calculation. Besides, in combination with Biot-Savart law, expression of the eddy current loss in transfer direction was derived, and based on which expression of the equivalent of the eddy current loss on the coupling coils was got. Thus the equivalent resistance of the eddy current on the coupling coils in a seawater environment could be predicated, and the optimal operating frequency of the inductive power transfer system could be further optimized. Finally, a prototype of inductive power transfer system was established, which gave the experimental results, and verified the correctness of theoretical analysis, and the experiments showed that: in air medium, the transfer distance was 100 mm, the transfer power was 3.3 k W, and the transfer efficiency was 92.6%;while, in seawater medium, the transfer efficiency was 87%. Eddy current losses mainly caused the reduction in efficiency, and the experimental results of eddy current loss were consistent with the simulation results.

关键词： inductive power transfer seawater eddy current loss Biot-Savart law

The critical factors of photocatalytic H2 production from seawater by using TiO_(2)as photocatalyst

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 4620-4624页

作者： Yaqian He Pengfei Li Wenning Liu Li An Dan Qu Xiayan Wang Zaicheng Sun Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological EffectsFaculty of Environment and LifeBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

The solar H_(2)generation directly from natural seawater is a sustainable way of green ***,it is limited by a low H_(2)generation rate even compared to fresh *** this report,TiO_(2)is chosen as a model photocatalyst to disclose the critical factor to deteriorate the H_(2)generation rate from *** simulated seawater(SSW),which is composed of eight ions(Na^(+),K^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Cl^(−),Br^(−),SO_(4)^(2−),and CO_(3)^(2−)),is investigated the effect of each ion on the H_(2)*** results indicate that all ions have a negative effect at the same concentration as in the seawater except Br−.The CO_(3)^(2−)has the most serious deterioration,and the H_(2)production rate lowers near 40%even at[CO_(3)^(2−)]of 1.5 mmol·L^(−1).The H_(2)production rate can be recovered to 85%if the CO_(3)^(2−)is excluded from the *** understand the reason,the zeta potential of the TiO_(2)treated with different ions aqueous solution reveals that the zeta potential decreases when it is treated with CO_(3)^(2−)and SO_(4)^(2−)due to they can adsorb on the surface of TiO_(2)*** transform infrared(FTIR)and thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectroscopy(TGA-MS)further confirm that the adsorbed ion is mainly from CO_(3)^(2−).Since the pH of seawater is about 8.9 between pKa1(6.37)and pKa2(10.3)of H_(2)CO3,the CO_(3)^(2−)should exist in the form of HCO3−in the *** proposed a simple method to remove the adsorbed HCO3−from the TiO_(2)surface by adjusting the pH below the *** results indicate that if a trace amount of HCl(adjusting pH~6.0)is added to the SSW,the H_(2)production rate can be recovered to 85%of that in pure water.

关键词： seawater H_(2)production rate adsorb ions pH

Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Assay for Rapid On-Site Detection of Tetracycline in seawater

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第4期22卷 1129-1138页

作者： LI Haiping MENG Fanping LI Aifeng Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

Recently increasing concerns from the scientists and public have been paid for seawater pollution due to tetracycline(TC)overuse in maricultural ***,there are few methods or instruments that can be used for specific and rapid detection of this antibiotic in *** this study,the colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay(CG-ICA)was used to achieve this goal.A commercialized monoclonal antibody against TC(anti-TC mAb)was selected because of its higher sensitivity(half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.38μgL^(-1)).The prepared CG particles(average diameter of 20 nm)were used to label anti-TC mAb at pH *** conjugate pad was formed by spraying the CG-labeled anti-TC mAb on a glass fibre membrane followed by proper *** test pad was made by immobilizing artificial antigen and anti-mouse mAb in the test line and the control line,respectively,in a nitrocellulose *** test strip,assembled with sample pad,conjugate pad,test pad and absorbent pad,could be used to detect TC during seawater sample flowing through these components in *** results could be observed by the naked eye in *** visible limit of detection(vLOD)was 20μgL^(-1) for TC in *** CG-ICA test results were in good agreement with those of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The assay also showed that,oxytetracycline(OTC)and chlortetracycline(CTC),as the structural analogues of TC,did not interfere with TC ***,the TC concentration given by test strip could not be affected by the fluctuation of temperature(10℃–30℃),pH(7–9)and salinity(0–40)of ***,CG-ICA is a suitable tool for rapid,on-site,and semi-quantitative detection of TC in seawater.

关键词： tetracycline(TC) seawater colloidal gold(CG) immunochromatographic assay semi-quantitative