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Direct impacts of climatic warming on heat stress in endothermic species: seabirds as bioindicators of changing thermoregulatory constraints

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Stephen A.OSWALD Jennifer M.ARNOLD Division of Science Pennsylvania State UniversityBerks CampusReadingPennsylvaniaUSA

There is now abundant evidence that contemporary climatic change has indirectly affected a wide-range of species by changing trophic interactions,competition,epidemiology and ***,direct physiological impacts of changing climates are rarely reported for endothermic species,despite being commonly reported for ec*** review the evidence for changing physiological constraints on endothermic vertebrates at high temperatures,integrating theoretical and empirical perspectives on the morphology,physiology and behavior of marine *** for increasing heat stress exposure depends on changes in multiple environmental variables,not just air temperature,as well as organism-specific morphology,physiology and *** breeding at high latitudes are vulnerable to the forecast,extensive temperature changes because of the adaptations they possess to minimize heat ***-latitude species will also be challenged as they currently live close to their thermal limits and will likely suffer future water ***,highly-active species,particularly aerial foragers,are acutely vulnerable as they are least able to dissipate heat at high ***,direct physiological impacts of climatic change appear underrepresented in the published literature,but available data suggest they have much potential to shape behavior,morphology and distribution of endothermic spe*** between future heat stress events and other energetic constraints on endotherms remains largely unexplored but will be key in determining the physiological impacts of climatic ***-scale,biophysical modeling,informed by experiments that quantify thermoregulatory responses of endotherms to heat stress,is an essential precursor to urgently-needed analyses at the population or species level.

关键词： climatic change direct effects of climate physiology seabirds thermoregulation

Very low biodiversity of top predators—seabirds and marine mammals—in the high Arctic Ocean

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第4期30卷 375-381页

作者： Claude R.JOIRIS Laboratory for Polar Ecology(PolE) Conservation Biology Unit Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences(RBINS)

During the ARK-XXIII/3 expedition of icebreaking RV Polarstern in the high Arctic Ocean(partim north of 73°N)from 25 August to 10 October 2008,550 transect counts lasting 30 min were devoted to seabird and marine mammal counts from the *** the whole area,the three most numerous species,kittiwake Rissa tridactyla,fulmar Fulmarus glacialis and Brünnich’s guillemot Uria lomvia represented 90%of the total of 12000 individuals registered,followed by ivory gull Pagophila eburnea,black guillemot Cepphus grylle and Ross’s gull Rodostethia *** geographical zones were recognized on the basis of number of species and *** were especially low in the deeper areas(mean depth of 3000 m),both ice-free and heavily ice-covered:0.3 birds per 30 min count belonging to three and four species *** most numerous species was kittiwake with 0.25 per count(50 individuals)in the ice-covered *** numbers were very low as well,the most numerous of the four species tallied being 20 harp seals Phoca groenlandica and 10 ringed seal Pusa *** polar bears Ursus maritimus were *** observations were basically confirmed during 12 helicopter flights lasting one hour each with very low numbers:50 kittiwakes and 13 harp seals,almost none in the ice-covered deep zone.A comparison between data obtained from ship and from helicopter seems however to reflect the importance of seabird followers including for long *** only cetaceans were two adult belugas Delphinapterus leucas tallied from helicopter.

关键词： seabirds marine mammals at-sea distribution high Arctic Ocean

Long-term study of at-sea distribution of seabirds and marine mammals in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第2期26卷 158-167页

作者： José Luis Orgeira Mariela del Carmen Alderete Yohana Gisell Jiménez Juan Cruz González Departamento Biología de Predadores Tope Instituto Antártico ArgentinoC1064AAF Buenos AiresArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo Universidad Nacional de TucumánCP 4000 TucumánArgentina

The Scotia Sea is one of the most biologically rich regions of Antarctica, and it hosts a large community of upper trophic-level predators. Long-term at-sea monitoring provides valuable information on the Antarctic marine ecosystem and relationships among top predators. This paper presents the results of at-sea monitoring of seabirds and cetaceans over five consecutive summer seasons （2010--2014） in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica. A total of 11 656 flying birds belonging to 24 species were recorded in 884 ten-minute counts. Six Procellariiformes species were abundant： Black-browed Albatross, Cape Petrel, Southern Fulmar, Antarctic Prion, Wilson＇s Storm-petrel, and Black-bellied Storm-petrel. Only three of these species accounted for 82% of the total abundance： Antarctic Prion （40%）, Southern Fulmar （22%）, and Cape Petrel （20%）. A total of 678 baleen whales belonging to five species were recorded along a sampling effort of 2 351 nautical miles： Humpback, Sei, Southern Right, Fin, and Minke whales, which had different abundances during the study. The Fin Whale had the highest mean encounter rate for the 5 years （0.29 whales per nautical mile）, followed by the Humpback Whale （0.09 whales per nautical mile）. Annual dissimilarity in abundance of both seabirds and cetaceans occurred in conjunction with changes in the sea surface temperature and ice cover, showing the dependence of top predators on environmental changes. The largest aggregations of all top predators （seabirds and cetaceans） were recorded in two regions, west and south of the South Orkney Islands, suggesting important prey availability （especially krill） in those areas.

关键词： seabirds cetaceans Scotia Sea Antarctica

Fisheries Impacts on Food Supplies to seabirds

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Fisheries Impacts on Food Supplies to Seabirds

Do birds in flight respond to(ultra)violet lighting?

23rd International Ornithological Congress

作者： Lisa T.Ballance Michaelde L.Brooke Robert W.Furness Robert L.Pitman Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla Box 271 CA 92038 USA Dept. Zoology Univ. Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK Dept. Zoology Univ. Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK Southwest Fisheries Science Center La Jolla Box 271 CA 92038 USA

＜正＞ seabirds take prey that might otherwise be harvested by fishers, and fisheries impact on seabird food supply. We compare, at a global level, the amount of prey taken by fishers and seabirds by using knowledge of seabird global populations and available metabolic equations. The take by seabird and fisher is of the same order of magnitude. However, this global conclusion masks distinct regional differences in bird-fisheries interactions, illustrated with case studies. Tropical fisheries take a substantial biomass of large predatory fishes that dwarfs

关键词： seabirds fisheries tuna discards

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 192-201页

作者： Roel May Jens Astrom Oyvind Hamre Espen Lie Dahl Terrestrial Ecology Department Norwegian Institute for Nature Research(NINA)TrondheimNorway Steinoysund SmolaNorway.

Background: Concerns for bird collisions with wind turbines affect the deployment of onshore and offshore windpower *** avoid delays in consenting processes and to streamline the construction and operation phase,functional mitigation measures are required which efficiently reduces bird *** is the primary sensory system in birds,which for a number of species also includes the ultraviolet *** bird species that are known to collide with offshore wind turbines are sensitive in the violet or ultraviolet *** species that are mainly active at lower ambient light levels,lighting may deter birds from the lit ***(ultra)violet lights may in addition not disturb ***,we do not know whether UV-sensitive birds in flight actually respond behaviourally to UV ***: We therefore tested the efficacy of two types of lights within the violet(400 nm) and ultraviolet(365 nm) spectrum to deter birds from the lit *** lights were placed vertically and monitored continuously between dusk and dawn using an avian radar ***: Relative to control nights,bird flight activity(abundance) was 27% lower when the ultraviolet light was *** light resulted in a 12% decrease in overall abundance,and in addition,a vertical displacement was seen,increasing the average flight altitude by 7 *** temporal changes occurred,this effect persisted over the season below 40 m above sea ***: Although the results from this pilot study are promising,we argue there still is a long way to go before a potentially functional design to mitigate collisions that has proven to be effective in situ may be in place.

关键词： Avian radar Displacement Habituation Mitigation seabirds Ultraviolet Wind turbine

Co-contaminants of microplastics in two seabird species from the Canadian Arctic

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2022年第4期12卷 87-96页

作者： Roxana Sühring Julia E.Baak Robert J.Letcher Birgit M.Braune Amila de Silva Cody Dey Kim Fernie Zhe Lu Mark L.Mallory Stephanie Avery-Gomm Jennifer F.Provencher Department of Chemistry and Biology Toronto Metropolitan University(formerly known as Ryerson University)350 Victoria StTorontoONM5B 2K3Canada Department of Natural Resource Science McGill UniversitySainte Anne de BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Environment and Climate Change Canada National Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityRaven RoadOttawaOntarioK1A 0H3Canada Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaBurlingtonOntarioL7S 1A1Canada Ecotoxicology&Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaBurlingtonOntarioL7S 1A1Canada Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski Université du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuébecG5L 3A1Canada Department of Biology Acadia UniversityWolfvilleNova ScotiaB4P 2R6Canada

Through ingestion and subsequent egestion,Arctic seabirds can bioaccumulate microplastics at and around their colony breeding *** microplastics in Arctic seabirds have been well documented,it is not yet understood to what extent these particles can act as transport vehicles for plastic-associated contaminants,including legacy persistent organic pollutants(POPs),trace metals,and organic *** investigated the occurrence and pattern of organic and inorganic co-contaminants of microplastics in two seabird species from the Canadian Arctic-northern fulmar(Fulmarus glacialis)and black-legged kittiwake(Rissa tridactyla).We found that fulmars had higher levels of plastic contamination and emerging organic compounds(known to be plastic additives)than kittiwakes,whereas higher concentrations of legacy POPs were found in kittiwakes than the ***,fulmars,the species with the much larger foraging range(~200 km),had higher plastic pollution and overall contaminant burdens,indicating that birds may be acting as long-range transport vectors for plasticassociated *** results suggest a potential connection between plastic additive contamination and plastic pollution burdens in the bird stomachs,highlighting the importance of treating plastic particles and plastic-associated organic additives as co-contaminants rather than separate pollution issues.

关键词： Plastic contaminants Contaminants of emerging arctic concern Arctic seabirds PFAS OPEs PBDEs Trace metals

Seabird and marine mammal at-sea distribution in the western Bering Sea and along the eastern Kamtchatka Peninsula

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Advances in Polar Science 2021年第1期32卷 42-49页

作者： Claude R.JOIRIS Laboratory for Polar Ecology(PolE) 26130 Saint-RestitutFrance Conservation Biology Unit Royal Institute for Natural Sciences1000 BrusselsBelgium

Seabird and marine mammal at-sea distribution in the western Bering Sea and along the eastern Kamtchatka(Kamtsjatka)Peninsula was determined during 114 transect counts,lasting 30 min each,in September 2018.A total of 58000 seabirds were tallied,i.e.a mean value of 510 per *** most abundant species was short-tailed shearwater:43250 individuals representing 74%of the *** and kittiwake represented 13%and 8%of the *** geographical differences were noted,concerning both the number of seabird species and their *** following species were tallied mainly in the northern zone(North of 60°N):fulmar(light morphs),short-tailed shearwater,Vega(herring)gull and horned *** the southern zone,including Commander(Komandorski)Islands,observed species included fulmar(dark morphs),pelagic cormorant,glaucous-winged gull,red-legged kittiwake and black *** vast majority of the 100 cetaceans and 40 pinnipeds were tallied in the southern area,mainly porpoises,killer whale and humpback whale,and Largha(spotted)seal.

关键词： seabirds marine mammals at-sea distribution Bering Sea Kamtchatka

Assessment of trace metals in droppings of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae) from different locations of the Antarctic Peninsula area

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Advances in Polar Science 2015年第1期26卷 1-7页

作者： José E.Celis Winfred Espejo Ricardo Barra Daniel Gonzalez-Acu?a Francisca Gonzalez Solange Jara Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad de Concepción Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad de Concepción

In recent decades, polar regions of the planet have witnessed an increase in human presence. Antarctica is considered one of the most pristine regions of the world, but it could be affected by pollution owing to anthropogenic activities, particularly in the Antarctic Peninsula. Human presence can increase the levels of some trace metals in Antarctic environments, an issue that needs to be evaluated. To acquire data of trace metal contamination in the Antarctic Peninsula region, concentrations （dry weight） of Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Hg and Zn in fresh excrement of Ad61ie penguins were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. During the 2012/2013 austral summer, samples were collected from four important nesting sites on the Antarctic Peninsula： Arctowski Base, Kopaitic Island （both sites in the northern Antarctic Peninsula）, Yalour Island and Avian Island （both sites in the southern Antarctic Peninsula）. Data showed that Ad61ie penguin excreta had significantly higher levels （***~） of As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Cu at Arctowski Base and Kopaitic Island, both sites that have major anthropogenic activities that probably contributed to increased metal levels. The levels of trace metals in Ad61ie penguins were similar to those reported in excreta of Antarctic species in previous studies, and lower than those in excreta of other Antarctic animals. Data suggest that metals ingested by these penguin species that feed in the sea, end up in terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： heavy metals seabirds penguins excreta guano marine pollution Antarctica

Seabird by-catch in New Zealand waters 1996-2001: five years of autopsied returns

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Seabird by-catch in New Zealand waters 1996-2001: five years...