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The Wolfiporia cocos Genome and Transcriptome Shed Light on the formation of Its Edible and Medicinal Sclerotium

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2020年第4期18卷 455-467页

作者： Hongmei Luo Jun Qian Zhichao Xu Wanjing Liu Lei Xu Ying Li Jiang Xu Jianhong Zhang Xiaolan Xu Chang Liu Liu He Jianqin Li Chao Sun Francis Martin Jingyuan Song Shilin Chen Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource Ministry of EducationInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China College of Pharmacy Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430065China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China INRA Universitéde LorraineUMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes54280 ChampenouxFrance Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design Institute of MicrobiologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Wolfiporia cocos(F. A. Wolf) has been praised as a food delicacy and medicine for centuries in China. Here, we present the genome and transcriptome of the Chinese strain CGMCC5.78 of W. cocos. High-confidence functional prediction was made for 9277 genes among the 10,908 total predicted gene models in the W. cocos genome. Up to 2838 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified to be related to sclerotial development by comparing the transcriptomes of mycelial and sclerotial tissues. These DEGs are involved in mating processes, differentiation of fruiting body tissues, and metabolic pathways. A number of genes encoding enzymes and regulatory factors related to polysaccharide and triterpenoid production were strikingly regulated. A potential triterpenoid gene cluster including the signature lanosterol synthase(LSS) gene and its modified components were annotated. In addition, five nonribosomal peptide synthase(NRPS)-like gene clusters,eight polyketide synthase(PKS) gene clusters, and 15 terpene gene clusters were discovered in the genome. The differential expression of the velevt family proteins, transcription factors,carbohydrate-active enzymes, and signaling components indicated their essential roles in the regulation of fungal development and secondary metabolism in W. cocos. These genomic and transcriptomic resources will be valuable for further investigations of the molecular mechanisms controlling sclerotial formation and for its improved medicinal applications.

关键词： Wolfiporia cocos Genome sequencing sclerotial formation Fungal development Polysaccharide and triter-penoid biosynthesis

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Effect of temperature on the development of sclerotia in Villosiclava virens

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2550-2555页

作者： FAN Lin-lin YONG Ming-li LI Dan-yang LIU Yi-jia LAI Chao-hui CHEN Hong-ming CHENG Fang-min HU Dong-wei The State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Biotechnology InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China Plant Protection Station of Xiangshan County Xiangshan 315700P.R.China Crop Science Institute Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China

The sclerotia of Villosiclava virens were found commonly in high altitude and the temperate regions, where the temperatures are relatively low in rice filling stage. To make sure if low temperature induce the sclerotial formation in V. virens, the inoculated rice panicles in laboratory and the diseased rice panicles cut from paddy fields were treated under different temperatures. The results showed that 3 days of night temperature at 15°C were enough to induce the sclerotial formation. The low temperature was much more effective for young balls with intact membranes. After appearance of chlamydospores on the ball surfaces, the sclerotium could not differentiate anymore. The sclerotia began to differentiate below the chlamydospore layer and gradually grew onto the ball surfaces. This suggests that low temperature in the early development stage of false smut balls is an important factor to induce the sclerotial differentiation, and rice cultivars with long growth periods are able to produce more sclerotium-bearing balls, which will produce mass of spores in paddy field in the coming year.

关键词： Villosiclava virens Ustilaginoidea virens rice false smut sclerotial formation temperature

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