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China CDC weekly 2021年第33期3卷 702-705页

作者： Baiwei Liu Yu Wang Lei Jia Yi Tian Xiaoli Wang Shuaibing Dong Lingyu Shen Zhiyong Gao Quanyi Wang Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine BeijingChina Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina

What is already known on this topic?The norovirus has often caused outbreaks in Schools and kindergartens,but minimal research has been performed on environmental contamination during norovirus outbreaks in Schools and kindergartens.What is added by this report?This report conveys the norovirus detection rates and viral loads in different environmental sites in 45 norovirus outbreaks in Beijing Municipality from October to December 2020.What are the implications for public health practice?The evidence presented here can instruct professionals and the public to sample and disinfect key locations of the environment purposefully when responding to norovirus outbreaks.

关键词： instru Schools garten

Hygiene,sanitation facility,and assessment of drinking water quality in the Schools of Chattogram city,Bangladesh

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Global Health Journal 2022年第4期6卷 204-211页

作者： Md.Zobaidul Alam Abdullah Al Mukarrom Department of Microbiology University of ChittagongChattogram 4331Bangladesh

Objective:This study is designed to evaluate the microbiological safety concern of drinking water of the 50 Schools of Chattogram city,Bangladesh,and to investigate the sanitation and hygiene conditions of the Schools,which are directly related to the health of thousands of students.Methods:In this study,pour plate method used for total viable count(TVC),most probable number(MPN)method used for the total coliform count(TCC)and fecal coliform count(FCC),and four selective media used to isolate pathogenic bacteria from drinking water samples,and then identified by using morphological,cultural,and biochemical tests.To investigate the water,sanitation,and hygiene conditions a structured questionnaire was used.Results:A total of 46% samples were found above the acceptable limit(>500 CFU/ml)for TVC count,52%sam-ples had coliform,and 28% samples had fecal coliform,which exceeded the WHO guideline value.We categorized 50 studied Schools into five groups and found the highest TVC(67%)and TCC(83%)in the water samples of city corporation Schools.E.coli,Salmonella,Shigella,Enterobacter,Citrobacter,Klebsiella,and Yersinia were isolated and identified from drinking water samples.In most Schools,drinking water reservoirs were found impure and contaminated by various bacteria.In government primary Schools,a toilet is used by 143 students,whereas in pri-vate English medium Schools,a toilet is used by 30 students and found clean.Hand-washing soap was supplied in only 14% of government primary Schools,but 100% in private English medium Schools.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that drinking water in most of the Schools was found contaminated by pathogens.Poor hygiene,sanitation,and contaminated drinking water seem responsible for different kinds of diseases.More-over,this study indicates the necessity for raising awareness about drinking water,hygiene,and sanitation facil-ities of Schools,which should monitor at regular intervals.

关键词： Pour plate method Hygiene and sanitation Most probable number Schools Chattogram city

Organizational Change in Schools

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ECNU Review of Education 2021年第4期4卷 788-807页

作者： Kadir Beycioglu Yasar Kondakci Department of Educational Sciences Dokuz Eylu¨l UniversityAlsancakNo:14435210Cumhuriyet Blv35220 KonakTurkey Middle East Technical University

Purpose:This review aims to discuss the meaning of organizational change,change dynamics,and the current state of debates on organizational change in Schools.The core purpose of this review is not only to restate the literature on organizational change in Schools but also to challenge the current theoretical understanding of change in Schools by rising the new perspectives on change in Schools.Design/Approach/Methods:As part of this effort,we discuss the dominant perspectives of change,forces of change,and illustrate the interventions adopted by different school systems to deal with the need of change.Findings:The literature on change in Schools suggests that,parallel to the change intervention in other organizational settings,largely fail.Falling short of intended goals in change interventions is not a simple methodological problem but rather an ontological issue of how we perceive change and organization.Parallel to the arguments in the literature,continuous change has been indicated as an alternative perspective to planned change.Finally,leadership has been indicated as a key driver of organizational change.Originality/Value:The review discusses applicability of continuous change and elaborate on alternative leadership approaches to guide continuous change in Schools.

关键词： Continuous change educational change leadership organizational change Schools

Evidence-Based Effective Pedagogy in Primary Schools

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ECNU Review of Education 2023年第3期6卷 498-500页

作者：李辉 Shanghai Normal University&Macquarie University

This book is the first and most systematic report of the key findings from the world-class and world-known massive research program—The Effective Provision of Preschool,Primary&Secondary Education(EPPSE).As the most comprehensive and far-reaching study of the longitudinal effects of preschool,primary,and secondary schooling,EPPSE has produced scientific evidence to address the“big questions”that have been frustrating educators,scholars,and policymakers:“How can we facilitate,establish and sustain effective teaching in our Schools?How can we create the ideal framework,the best set of circumstances,for effective teachers,leading to sustained inspiration,to better child outcomes,to a love of long-lasting learning,to deepen[ed]understanding and to high achievement?”(p.1).International academia has been fascinated as well as overwhelmed by the countless publications produced by the EPPSE team throughout the 17-year project(1997–2014).There are more than 200 research outputs including full technical reports,papers in academic journals,book chapters,and a range of other articles and commentaries(p.171).Among them,two books have been published by Routledge(Early Childhood Matters:Evidence From EPPSE Project,2010)and Cambridge University Press(Social Class and Educational Inequality:The Impact of Parents and Schools,2015).This is the third(if not the last)book published by the EPPSE team.

关键词： sustained massive Schools

Clinical surgery-oriented subject librarian services in medical colleges and Schools

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Frontiers of Nursing 2018年第4期5卷 257-263页

作者： Qiang He Library of Shanxi Medical University TaiyuanShanxi 030001China

Regarding subject librarian services for clinical studies, researchers outside China have been focusing on subject service performance,evidence-based medicine, and comprehensive consulting services. In contrast, Chinese researchers have concentrated on service systems and methods but have not established mature systems and methods for clinical surgery-oriented services. Therefore,subject librarians in medical Schools should become involved in clinical research and expand their perspective on medical library research. In addition, they should collaborate with clinicians to improve the overall level of research in hospitals while increasing the impact of subject librarian services in medical colleges and Schools.

关键词： subject librarian surgery medical Schools evidence-based medicine bibliometrics review

Research on the Status Quo of the Curriculum of Public Physical Education in High Schools

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2020年第2期4卷 50-53页

作者： Guoli Liu Wuhan Institute of Physical Education Wushu CollegeWuhan 430079China

With the advancement of high-quality education,the importance of physical education courses has been increasing.Traditionally,the teaching of sports which mainly teaches students’sports skills has mandatory learning characteristics.With the development and improvement of the physical education curriculum,the current public physical education curriculum in high Schools is considered more scientific in terms of teaching content and form,focusing on the cultivation of students’interest in learning,and improving the students’various abilities and physical fitness.This article mainly analyzes the status quo of the curriculum of public physical education in high Schools and proposes corresponding countermeasures.

关键词： High Schools Public physical education curriculum Setting status quo

The Construction of"Integration"of Ideological and Political Course in Primary and Middle Schools in the New Era:Value Connotation,Dilemma Analysis and Path Choice

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2020年第2期4卷 90-93页

作者： Zhuo Zhang Nanjing Normal University Nanjing CityJiangsu Province 210000China

The ideological and political course in primary and secondary Schools is the key course of comprehensive education and the“integration”construction of the ideological and political course in the new times is an important way to solve the problem of the culture how to train and cultivate the fundamental problem.At the same time,it also helps to form the construction pattern of the cultural development in the ideological and political class of the middle and primary Schools in the new era.In the course of the“integration”construction of the ideological and political course of the primary and secondary Schools the course of the construction of the“integration”course of the ideological and political course of the primary and secondary Schools still faces the separation of the rational and political rupture of the curriculum system the communication and cooperation of the teaching staff,the separation of the course theory and the practice,and the“integrated”of the“systematize”of the ideological and political course in the new era needs to be Course Mode“unification”and the like The path achieves a breakthrough.It provides a useful attempt to better grasp and understand the“integration”construction of ideological and political course in primary and secondary Schools in the new era.

关键词： Integration of ideological and political courses in primary and secondary Schools Realistic dilemma Path selection

Educational Tourism:Spanish Schools and Their Consumers in a Dollarized Developing Country

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Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 2019年第3期7卷 120-126页

作者： Andres Palacio-Fierro Universidad Tecnologica Indoamerica Machala y SabanillaQuito-Ecuador

Globally,tourism has been growing annually despite more threats of terrorist acts.In the same way,educational tourism and Schools that teach Spanish as a foreign language,which belong to this type of tourism,have benefited to this global phenomenon,at least this trend is noticeable in the Spanish Schools that are in Spain.However,there is no academic or governmental study to know if the same has happened with the Spanish Schools located in Ecuador,a developing country situated in South America,whose particularity has a dollarized economy.Consequently,the present study aims to analyze the situation of Spanish Schools in that country.Method:The study selected was the exploratory due to the lack of information on this topic.In addition,the approach adopted is the qualitative,to be able to have a better understanding of the phenomenon studied,using interviews with semi-structured questions to the eight institutions that make up the Ecuadorian Association of Teaching Spanish Centers.Results and conclusions:Spanish Schools in Ecuador have not grown as other countries,because they have several difficulties.First,they have an unfair competition,especially by hostels which provide this service informally.Second,it is due to the higher costs compared to neighboring countries,because Ecuador adopted a strong currency for its economy.Third,idiomatic Schools are in the middle of education and tourism,so they have complications in getting licenses and aids granted by the government.Despite these difficulties,they have innovated by offering more services,both educational and touristic,though,it is not a great profitable business.However,they have been able to maintain their business and earn a market share internationally.

关键词： cultural and linguistic immersion idiomatic tourism international students learning by traveling Spanish Schools

Greywater Management in Bahraini Schools, Jaw School-Case Study

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2020年第1期9卷 28-32页

作者： Nagib Ghaleb N.Mohammed Mariam Almajed Safa Albeladi Fatima Mohammed Civil Engineering Department University of BahrainZallaq 5414Kingdom of Bahrain

The greywater management by treating and reusing is an important issue to provide a new source of water that will not cost as much as using clean water.In general,the water demand in the world is increasing with the increased population,thus it can lead to a water crisis.To reduce the effect of this problem,greywater treatment system can be applied.The greywater in Schools is gone to waste every single day,so to provide a logical,cheap and effective solution to manage this problem is to treat and reuse greywater in irrigation,since it does not necessarily need clean water.The aim of this manuscript is to manage and reuse the greywater to reduce the water crises,design an economical greywater system that will act as an investment to the school,and decrease the pressure on sewage system.The paper also aims to identify the wastewater characteristics generated from Schools.Therefore,three samples of greywater from water basins and three samples from the kitchen were collected to test and analysis.The analysed parameters are BOD(Biochemical Oxygen Demand),COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand),pH,SO4,TDSs(Total Dissolved Solids),Cl,turbidity,Ca,Mg,NO3 and TH(Total Hardness).The results showed that,the samples collected from the basins are in the accepted range,however the samples of the kitchen have a higher concentration in SO4,BOD,turbidity and nitrate,therefore the greywater generated from the kitchen has been excluded from the greywater system.In terms of the cost,the results indicated that the payback cost could be returned in three years.

关键词： Greywater management Schools

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鱼儿为何喜欢群游?

疯狂英语（新策略） 2020年第3期 26-26,28,62页

作者：张明波湖南华容二中

Even though many Schools are out for the summer,most fish tend to stick together and swim in Schools wherever they may be.When fish stay together for social reasons,biologists say they are“shoaling(群聚)”.If they also swim together in the same direction,they are“schooling”.So why do fish shoal and school together?The main reason appears to be that there’s safety in numbers.Staying together in Schools helps to protect fish from their enemies.While a predator(掠夺者)might easily catch a fish by itself,it’s much harder for a predator to single out a victim if a fish is surrounded by hundreds of its closest friends.

关键词：掠夺者 hundreds Schools