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Mechanical properties,corrosion behavior and microstructure evolution of zinc and Scandium co-strengthened 5xxx alloy

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第11期41卷 1819-1826,I0006页

作者： Yanlin Pan Yue Xu Di Zhang Jishan Zhang Guxin Zhou Yujing Lang China Academy of Ordnance Science Ningbo Branch Ningbo315103China State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China

Nowadays,it is a challenge to improve the strength of 5xxx aluminium alloy while maintaining its distinctive properties.To address this,the Zn and Sc modified high strength 5xxx aluminium alloys with good intergranular corrosion resistance were prepared through chill casting,and the effects of minor Sc on mechanical properties,corrosion behavior and microstructure evolution of Al-5.0Mg-3.0Zn alloys were systematically investigated.The results show that the Sc containing alloy has high number density and small size of intragranular precipitates,combined with the solid solution strengthening of Sc and the Al_(3)(Sc_(1-x),Zr_(x))second phase strengthening,the strength of Al-5.0Mg-3.0Zn-0.1Sc alloy is obviously enhanced.Meanwhile,the intergranular corrosion resistance of the Sc containing alloy is also improved due to the formation of a large number of low angle grain boundaries and the weakening of the continuity of precipitated phases along the grain boundaries.

关键词： Al-Mg-Zn Scandium Mechanical properties Intergranular corrosion Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) Rare earths

Selective separation of iron and Scandium from Bayer Sc-bearing red mud

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第7期41卷 1099-1107,I0005页

作者： Junhui Xiao Kai Zou Nanlan Zhong Deqiang Gao Sichuan Provincial Engineering Lab of Nonmetallic Mineral Powder Modification and High-Value Utilization Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China Dongfang Boiler Group Co. Ltd.Zigong 643001China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China

In this study,we investigated the separation of iron and Scandium from Sc-bearing red mud.The red mud object of our study contained 31.11 wt%total iron(TFe),0.0045 wt%Sc,hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3))and ferrosilite(FeO·SiO_(2))as the main Fe-bearing minerals.The Sc-bearing red mud was treated by a novel deep reduction roasting and magnetic separation process that includes the addition of coke and CaO to extract Fe and enriching Sc from the Sc-bearing red mud.The addition of coke and CaO enhances the transformation of hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3))to metallic iron(Fe~0)and magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4))as well as the transformation of ferrosilite into metallic iron(Fe~0).The test results show that utilizing the new process a Fe concentrate with a TFe content of 81.22 wt%and Fe recovery of 92.96%was obtained.Furthermore,magnetic separation tailings with Sc content of 0.0062 wt%and Sc recovery of 98.65%were also obtained.The test results were achieved under the following process conditions:roasting temperature of 1373 K,roasting time of 45 min,calcium oxide dosage of 20 wt%,coke dosage of 25 wt%,grinding fineness of90%<0.04 mm,and magnetic field intensity of 0.24 T.The major minerals in the Fe concentrate are metallic iron(Fe~0)and magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4)).The main minerals in the magnetic separation tailings with a low TFe content of 2.62%are CaO·SiO_(2),Na_(2)O·SiO_(2),FeO·SiO_(2),Ca_(3)Fe_(2)Si_(3)O_(12),CaAl_(2)SiO_6 and CaFe(SiO_(3))_(2).

关键词： Red mud Scandium Iron Deep reduction roasting Magnetic separation Rare earths

A review on solvent extraction of Scandium

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第10期40卷 1499-1508页

作者： Dan Zou Yuefeng Deng Ji Chen Deqian Li State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China

This review article on the development course of Scandium solvent extraction covers:(i)neutral phosphorus extractants;(ii)acid phosphorus extractants;(iii)carboxylic acid extractants;(iv)amine extractants;(v)chelating extractants;(vi)synergistic extractants.Those extractants are of valuable reference for developing new separation process of Scandium from red mud,titanium dioride and other rare earth resources.

关键词： Scandium Rare earths Solvent extraction Development course

Effects of Scandium chloride on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第1期40卷 161-168页

作者： Na Ren Xin Yu Aizhu Wang Na Liang Zhichao Feng Chunhui Sun Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research(iAIR)University of JinanJinan 250022China School of Biological Science and Technology University of JinanJinan 250022China

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multi-potent cells that are able to differentiate and mature into various types of cells under a certain microenvironment for cell therapy and tissue regeneration.Scandium(Sc),an important rare earth element,recently has been intensively investigated in biomedical fields as well as industrial engineering,and chloride channels have been proven to be able to affect osteogenic differentiation.Thus,it is significant to investigate effects of ScCl_(3)on cell activities of MSCs.In this paper,rat bone MSCs(rBMSCs)were co-cultured with various concentrations of ScCl_(3)(1×10^(-8),1×10^(-6),and 1×10^(-4)mol/L)to evaluate their influence on cell proliferation as well as osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in vitro.The results indicate that ScCl_(3)promotes the proliferation of rBMSCs initially,which is yet reduced upon ion accumulation.We used immunofluorescence staining,quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions,and assays measuring alkaline phosphatase activity,mineralized deposits,and intracytoplasmic lipids to reveal that rBMSCs treated with ScCl_(3)at concentrations of 1×10^(-8)-1×10^(-6)mol/L can enhance levels of osteogenic differentiation in a dosedependent manner and reduce adipogenic differentiation to a certain degree through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.These results indicate that appropriate concentrations of ScCl_(3)can improve osteogenic differentiation in the lineage commitment of rBMSCs,and thus,promote bone remodeling.This study implies that ScCl_(3) possesses great potentials in the treatment of bone diseases and would provide new strategy of designing composites by SiCl3 doping for biomedical applications in the future.

关键词： Scandium Mesenchymal stem cells Osteogenic differentiation Adipogenic differentiation Dose-dependent effects Wnt/3-catenin signaling pathway

Separation and recovery of iron and Scandium from acid leaching solution of red mud using D201 resin

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Journal of Rare Earths 2020年第12期38卷 1322-1329页

作者： Xuekai Zhang Kanggen Zhou Yehuizi Wu Qingyuan Lei Changhong Peng Wei Chen School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Red mud is a byproduct of alumina refining of bauxite ores,and is a significant source for extracting Scandium.However,a large amount of iron in red mud makes it difficult to recover Scandium because Fe(III) and Sc(Ⅲ) have similar physicochemical properties.In this study,a new method was developed for selective separation of iron and Scandium in acid leachate of red mud using D201 resin.Theoretical calculations indicate that the ferric species mainly exists as FeCl3 or FeCl4-at chloride concentration above 6.65 mol/L,while Scandium still exists as SCl2+,making it possible to selectively separate iron fro m Scandium through anion resin adso rption.The factors affecting the adso rption of iron and Scandium such as chloride conce ntratio n,resin dosage,adso rption time,and temperature were evaluated in batch experiments,The Langmuir model was successfully applied to both iron and Scandium adsorption,and the maximum adsorption capacities of iron and Scandium are 147.06 and 0.95 mg/g,respectively,indicating a significant difference between iron and Scandium.Raman analysis further demonstrates that the iron is adsorbed onto D201 resin as FeCl4 anion.

关键词： Red mud Resource recovery Iron Scandium Ion exchange Rare earths

Purification of Scandium from concentrate generated from titanium pigments production waste

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第2期39卷 194-200页

作者： Jie Zhou Shunyan Ning Jiejie Meng Shichang Zhang Wei Zhang Siyi Wang Yedan Chen Xinpeng Wang Yuezhou Wei Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials School of ResourcesEnvironment and MaterialsGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Nuclear Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Nowadays 80%of Scandium in China is obtained from titanium pigments production waste through a complex purification process.The study mainly focused on the purification of Sc from its concentrate generated from titanium pigments production waste by solvent extraction.Several extractants have been tried and 10%D_(2)EHPA-5%TBP-85%sulfonated kerosene exhibited the best extraction performance towards Sc in 7 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)solution,so it was selected as the oil phase.0.5%of H_(2)O_(2)was added into the concentrated solution which can effectively inhibit the extraction of Ti.Both the extraction and back extraction parameters are optimized.The preferred extraction conditions were obtained,i.e.,acidity:7 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4),the phase ratio A/O:10,room temperature,mixed contact time:30 min,Sc concentrate:10 g/L,that the extraction rate of Sc in the above conditions was nearly 100%.NaOH was used for back extraction with the stripping rate 99%on the following conditions:5 mol/L NaOH stripping for 30 min at a phase ratio A/O:1 at 90℃.Finally,H_(2)C_(2)O_(4)was used to further purify the back extraction product and Sc_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)precipitant fo rmed.The final product Sc_(2)O_(3)with a purity over 99.5%was obtained by calcining Sc_(2)(C_(2)O_(4))_(3)at 1000℃for 2 h.A conceptual process for Sc purification was put forward and proved.The total recovery yield of Sc in the whole process is 95%.

关键词： Scandium D_(2)EHPA TBP Extraction Purification Titanium pigments production waste

Separation and recovery of Scandium and titanium from red mud leaching liquor through a neutralization precipitation-acid leaching approach

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第9期39卷 1126-1132页

作者： Qingyuan Lei Dewen He Kanggen Zhou Xuekai Zhang Changhong Peng Wei Chen School of Metallurgy and Environment.Central South University Changsha 410083China

Selective recovery of Scandium and titanium from red mud leaching solution was achieved through neutralization precipitation followed by acid leaching approach.In the neutralization precipitation section,the effects of pH,temperature and reaction time on metal precipitation efficiency were investigated.Under the optimal co ndition,the precipitation efficiencies of Scandium and titanium were 93.74%and 99.47%,respectively.In the acid leaching section,the effects of acidity,temperature,reaction time,and raffinate to acid solution ratio on leaching efficiency were investigated.Under the optimal condition,the leaching efficiencies of Scandium and titanium were 99.97%and 5.44%,respectively.The loss of Scandium and titanium were 6.3%and 5.9%,respectively.Compared with the traditional extraction procedure of Scandium in red mud,this method could separate titanium from Scandium effectively,which is beneficial for the purification of the products and improvement of value of the metal.

关键词： Red mud Scandium Titanium Neutralization precipitation Acid leaching Rare earths

Dehydrocoupling of boranes with amines using a Scandium catalyst

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第12期32卷 4002-4005页

作者： Yang Wang Pengfei Xu Xin Xu Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China

The scandocene alkyl complex(C_(5)Me_(5))_(2)ScCH_(2)SiMe_(3)was found to be an efficient catalyst for the dehydrocoupling of the non-cyclic boranes, dicyclohexylborane and thexylborane, with amines under mild conditions. The reactions afforded the corresponding aminoboranes in high yields with good functional group tolerance. The stoichiometric reaction of Scandium alkyl with amine led to the isolation of a Scandium amide complex, which was shown to be an active species during the catalysis. Although a boranecoordinated Scandium hydride was also obtained from the stoichiometric experiment, it was not involved in the catalytic cycle. In addition, kinetic studies provided insight into this intermolecular dehydrogenation reaction.

关键词： Borane Aminoborane Dehydrocoupling Scandium β-H elimination

Application of P507 and isooctanol extraction system in recovery of Scandium from simulated red mud leach solution

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第9期37卷 1002-1008,I0005页

作者： Chuanying Liu Li Chen Ji Chen Dan Zou Yuefeng Deng Deqian Li State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

The current recovery technique of Sc was complicated and the chemical consumption was high,This was due to the low content of Sc in resources and the difficulty of stripping.In this research,the isooctanol was added into the 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(P507)extraction system to reduce the extraction and improve the stripping of Sc.The maximum stripping ratio of Sc from loaded organic phase by sulfuric acid can increase from 10%(without isooctanol)to 99%(with 15 vol%isooctanol).In the extraction test of the simulated red mud leaching liquor,the separation factors between Sc and Zr,Sc and Ti are 36 and 350,separately.At the same time,other metals are almost not extracted.The high selectivity and stripping of Sc suggest that the P507 with isooctanol extraction system can be applied in the practical Sc recovery process.

关键词： Solvent extraction Scandium recovery Isooctanol Red mud Rare earths