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scaling up impact of malaria control programmes: a tale of events in Sub-Saharan Africa and People’s Republic of China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 61-75页

作者： Ernest Tambo Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji Fang Huang Jun-Hu Chen Shui-Sen Zhou Ling-Hua Tang National Institute of Parasitic Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionWHO Collaborating Centre on MalariaSchisostomiasis and FilariasisKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of Health207 Rui Jin Er RdShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China School of Medicine&Pharmacy Houdegbe North American University PK10Route de Porto-Novo06 BP 2080CotonouRépublique du Bénin Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Kampala International University Western CampusP.O.Box 71IshakaBushenyiUganda

This review aims at providing synthetic information with scientific evidence on the trends in the malaria events from 1960 to 2011,with the hope that it will help policy makers to take informed decisions on public health issues and intervention designs on malaria control towards elimination in both Sub-Sahara Africa and in the People’s Republic of China by highlighting the achievements,progress and challenges in research on moving malaria from epidemic status towards *** findings showed that since 1960,malaria control programmes in most countries have been disjointed and not ***,during the last decade,the causal factors of the unprecedented and substantial decline in malaria morbidity and mortality rates in most vulnerable groups in these endemic areas are multifaceted,including not only the spread of malaria and its related effects but also political and financial willingness,commitment and funding by governments and international *** benefits of scaling up the impact of malaria coverage interventions,improvement of health system approaches and sustained commitment of stakeholders are highlighted,although considerable efforts are still necessary in Sub-Sahara ***,novel integrated control strategies aiming at moving malaria from epidemic status to control towards elimination,require solid research priorities both for sustainability of the most efficient existing tools and intervention coverage,and in gaining more insights in the understanding of the epidemiology,pathogenesis,vector dynamics,and socioeconomic aspects of the *** conclusion,political commitment and financial investment of stakeholders in sustaining the scaling up impact of malaria control interventions,networking between African and Chinese scientists,and their Western partners are urgently needed in upholding the recent gains,and in translating lessons learnt from the Chinese malaria control achievements and successes into practical interve

关键词： malaria funding scaling up interventions health system Sub-Sahara Africa People’s Republic of China

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Advocacy and Use of Advocates as a Quick Win in scaling up Biofortification in Nigeria: The Case of Building Nutritious Food Basket (BNFB) Project

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第9期13卷 797-810页

作者： Olapeju Phorbee Oguzor Gift Adeola Ojo Ganiyat Olatunde Adeyinka Onabolu International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan Nigeria Food Agriculture and Nutrition Network (FANN) Abuja Nigeria Rivers State Primary Health Care Management Board Port Harcourt Nigeria Dorcas Eunice Foundation Ibadan Nigeria Formerly Raw Material Research and Development Council (RMRDC) Abuja Nigeria Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Abuja Nigeria

The Building Nutritious Food Baskets (BNFB) Project explored advocacy and the use of advocates as a model strategy for scaling up biofortification in Nigeria during its three-year implementation. In addition to its direct advocacy efforts, the BNFB project identified and selected key personnel across disciplines, gender and sectors, based on some selected criteria, as Advocates to support the scaling up of biofortification by raise of investments, resource mobilization, the inclusion of biofortification in relevant policy documents, strategies and plans of action. To realize these, the selected 32 Advocates were empowered to mainstream biofortification into their existing and/or potential programs/projects, as well as create awareness and demand for biofortified crops within their spheres of influence. Training and retreats were organized for the Advocates to strengthen their capacities in advocacy and promotion of biofortification and biofortified crops, while a social platform was launched to share opportunities, experiences and address issues around biofortification within the Advocates. As a result of these efforts, biofortification was included in three key national policies, strategies/plans of actions with resource allocation, and investments, over USD3 million were raised for biofortification. The Federal Government of Nigeria and some external governments became committed to biofortification programs while biofortified crops were mainstreamed in at least two national programs in Nigeria. Biofortified crops were included in the Home-Grown School Feeding Program of two states. The use of Advocates proved to be a resultful strategy in the biofortification scaling up model of BNFB as the advocates, upon being trained, looked out within their sectors and disciplines to mainstream biofortification into their programs. They gave timely information on potential opportunities to follow up with in influencing favorable policies;they mobilized resources nationally, re

关键词： Biofortification Advocacy Policy Investments scaling up

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Current status and trends of carbon-based electrodes for fully solution-processed perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 222-246页

作者： Laura MGonzález Daniel Ramirez Franklin Jaramillo Centro de Investigación Innovacióny Desarrollo de MaterialesCIDEMATFacultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Antioquia UdeACalle 70 No.52-21Medellín 050010Colombia

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs) have revolutionized photovoltaic research. As a result, a certified power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 25.5% was recorded in late 2020. Although this efficiency is comparable with silicon solar cells;some issues remain partially unsolved, such as lead toxicity, instability of perovskite materials under continuous illumination, moisture and oxygen, and degradation of the metallic counter electrodes. As an alternative to tackle this last concern, carbon materials have been recently used, due to their good electrical and thermal conductivity, and chemical stability, which makes them one of the most promising materials to replace metallic counter electrodes in the fabrication of PSCs. This review highlights the recent advances of carbon-based PSCs, where the carbon electrode(CE) is the main *** have become very promising candidates for PSCs;they are mainly fabricated using a simple combination of graphite and carbon black powders embedded in a binder matrix, giving a paste that is then solution-processable, resulting in devices with improved quality stability, when compared to metallic electrodes. In this review, CE’s composition is emphasized, since it can give both, high and lowtemperature processed electrodes, compatible with different device configurations. Finally, the tendencies and opportunities to use CE in PSCs devices are presented.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Carbon electrodes scaling up Stability Solution processing

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Separation Efficiency of Thin-film Evaporators

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2004年第2期12卷 179-184页

作者： R.Billet Institute of Thermo- and Fluid-Dynamics Ruhr-University Bochum D-44780 Bochum Germany

The recovery of contaminants and useful substances from liquid wastes, thepurification of production effluents and the separation of thermally instable mixtures are some ofthe multivarious applications of thin-film distillers in many processes of the chemical and alliedindustries and of the food industries. In a study carried out in pilot plants with distillation testsystems there was found a good agreement between the experimental separation results and thoseobtained by computing with a theorectical model; the latter is based on the assumption of phaseequilibrium between the vapour formed on an infinitely small element of area in a liquid film of anygiven concentric periphery of the vertically arranged evaporator. These tests were perfomed undervarious phase loads.

关键词： phase equilibrium thin-film distillation scaling up distillation energy

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An integrated approach to scaling issues in environmental change study

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2000年第4期10卷 45-52页

作者： LIU Hong-hui, YANG Xiao-huan, WANG Nai-bin, LIU Hai-yan (Center for Resources and Environmental Data, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

Global change research and sustainable development need to be addressed at larger scales in the light of small scale process studies. Much remains to be done before the small scale, process level understanding of ecosystem responses to global change can be reliably translated to larger scales. The paper reviews the status of scaling issues and tries to find how to extrapolate our observations and our findings at site scale up to regional scale and provide ecological information and interpretations at the regional scale. An integrated approach to scaling-up from site to region is proposed combining hierarchical theory, landscape ecology, remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) with process/mechanistic modeling. Remote sensing and GIS will play key roles in spatial analysis, integration as well as cross scale modeling.

关键词： scale issue global change study scaling up integrated approach

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