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Short term effects of fire intensity and fire regime on vegetation dynamic in a tropical humid savanna(Lamto,central Cote d’Ivoire)

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Natural Science 2012年第12期4卷 1056-1064页

作者： A.B.N’Dri J.Gignoux A.Dembele S.Konate Unit of Training and Research in Natural Science Center for Research in EcologyLamto Station of EcologyNangui Abrogoua UniversityAbidjanCote d’Ivoire BIOEMCO(Laboratoire de BIOgeochimie et Ecologie des Milieux COntinentaux)Laboratory UMR-7618University Pierre et Marie CurieCNRSENSParisFrance

We tested the effects of different fire regimes (with different fire date and fuel load) on grass growth, tree debarking and topkill in a Guinea savanna of West Africa. Different fire intensities were simulated on two plots of 3.72 ha each, delimited in two shrubby savanna of the Lamto reserve (C?te d’Ivoire). Two fire regimes were applied, the mid-season fire (January) and the late fire (April). Two fuel levels (single: C1 and double: C2) have been used. For each fire regime, fire intensity was determined. It increases with the fuel quantity (1259 ± 356 kW·m–1 and 3380 ± 1472 kW·m–1 respectively for C1 and C2). The regrowth speed of grasses is also dependent on the fuel quantity (grasses). It increases with it and is higher after the mid-season fire than the late fire. The average intensity of the mid-season fire (2966 ± 2233 kW·m–1) is not significantly different from that of the late fire (1673 ± 1124 kW·m–1). Damages or debarking caused by fire on adult trees were recorded and are linked to fire intensity. Those damages appear to initiate the external cavity observed on trees, known to be detrimental to tree trunk mechanical resistance. They generally affect adult trees of Crossopteryx febrifuga species which is also the most commonly hollowed species. Mid-season fire remains the recommanded fire regime because it insures a faster regrowth of grasses which leads to the maintenance of equilibrium between grasses and trees.

关键词： Fire Intensity Fuel Load Fire Regime savanna vegetation

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Sahel Afforestation and Simulated Risks of Heatwaves and Flooding Versus Ecological Revegetation That Combines Planting and Succession

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第2期10卷 94-108页

作者： Lorenz Huebner Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi Oliver Branch Heman A. A. Gaznayee Flensburg Germany Petroleum and Mining Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Tishk International University Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Institute of Physics and Meteorology University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany Department of Forestry College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences Salahaddin University Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq

Studies simulating the large-scale afforestation of the African Sahel constantly find warning signals of increased risk of extreme temperatures and heatwaves resulting from changes in albedo and latent heat flow. We review the afforestation measures underlying three simulation studies, together with a restoration model in which compartments are formed by greenbelts to enable succession of savanna vegetation, protected from hot wind and drought. savanna-like vegetation (around 20% woody plants) will show bright reflective surface and drying of leaves during dry season rather than constant green color, with very different impact on albedo and temperatures. We derive that the simulated risks of extreme heat and flooding from rain will strongly depend on species, shape and density of the new vegetation. Ecological restoration concepts are expected to mitigate or prevent such restoration related climatic risks. Compact afforestation of the Sahel does not appear to be necessary or feasible. A restoration model based on compartmentalization and the protected succession of diverse, climatically adaptable vegetation could also be used in populated drylands, as a sustainable and temperature balancing solution to desertification.

关键词： Extreme Heat vegetational Compartments Natural Succession Dryland Restoration savanna vegetation Sahel Climate Simulation

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Soil attributes structure plant assemblages across an Atlantic forest mosaic

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第4期11卷 613-622页

作者： Maria Fabíola Barros Bruno X.Pinho Tarciso Leão Marcelo Tabarelli Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade Federal de PernambucoPE 50670-901Brazil Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Aims Community assembly persists as a key topic in ecology due to the complex variation in the relative importance of assembly forces and mechanisms across spatio-temporal scales and *** we address a forest-savanna vegetation mosaic in the Brazilian Atlantic forest to examine the role played by soil attributes as determinants of community assembly and organiza-tion at a landscape spatial *** We examined soil and plant assemblage attributes across 23 plots of forest and savanna in a 1600 km2 landscape exposed to the same climatic conditions in the Atlantic forest region of northeast *** attributes included species richness,taxonomic and functional composition(community weighted mean,CWM)and functional diversity(quadratic diversity;Rao’s quadratic entropy index)relative to plant leaf area,specific leaf area,leaf dry matter content,thickness and *** Findings Our results suggest that forest and savanna patches exposed to the same climatic conditions clearly differ in terms of soil attributes,plant assemblage structure,taxonomic and functional *** selecting particular plant strategies relative to resource economy,soil potentially affects community structure,with forest assemblages bear-ing more acquisitive resource-use strategies,while conservative plant strategies are more frequent in ***,savanna-forest mosaics in the Atlantic forest region represent spatially organized plant assemblages in terms of taxonomic and functional features,with a sig-nal of trait convergence in both vegetation ***-mediated filter-ing thus emerges as a potential deterministic assembly force affecting the spatial organization of savanna-forest boundaries and mosaics.

关键词： community assembly habitat filtering plant functional traits savanna vegetation tropical forest

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