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Spring snow-albedo feedback from satellite observation,reanalysis and model simulations over the Northern Hemisphere

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第8期65卷 1463-1476页

作者： Hui GUO Yuting YANG State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Hydraulic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

The snow-albedo feedback(SAF)is one of the key processes that lead to rapid temperature increases at high latitude and altitude ***,we examine the strength of SAF in the Northern Hemisphere(NH,30°-90°N)from satellite-based observation,climate reanalysis(i.e.,ERA5)and climate model projections(i.e.,CMIP5 and CMIP6).Using satellite-derived estimates as an observational reference,our results show that the strength of SAF is considerably overestimated by both climate reanalysis and climate models throughout the *** positive bias is mainly caused by a much higher month-to-month changing rate of surface albedo simulated by climate reanalysis and climate models,compared with satellite-based *** addition,we find that the strength of SAF is primarily controlled by changes in snow cover fraction(SNC)while the snow metamorphosis effect only plays a secondary role at the hemispheric scale and the regional ***,we demonstrate that there exists an emergent relationship between historical SAF and future SAF in climate model projections,which is then used to constrain modeled SAF in both CMIP5 and CMIP6 under various climate change *** constraining,the magnitude of modeled SAF is reduced to be more consistent with satellite-based estimates and the uncertainties of the modeled SAF are reduced by 10-50%for 13 sub-regions of the *** results highlight the need for improving the representation of surface albedo and snow cover fraction in climate reanalysis and models and the advantage of combining observation and model predictions such that to achieve a more realistic quantification of SAF and a better understanding of the impacts of SAF on the climate system.

关键词： Snow-albedo feedback satellite observation Climate reanalysis Climate model Emergent constraint

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Climatological Features of the Global Tropical Subsidence Region Based on satellite observations

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2000年第3期17卷 391-402页

作者：蒋尚城叶谦杨喜峰安刚 Department of Geophysics Peking University Beijing

Consisting of subtropical highs and tropical buffer zone, the global tropical subsidence region is the subsidence branches of Hadley cell. Walker circulation and monsoon circulation which are important components of the global general circulation. This region is closely connected with Asian monsoon. Based on long-term satellite observations of OLR (Outgoing Longwave Radiation) and HIRS-Tbl2 (the bright temperature from High-resolution Infra-red Radiation Sounder Channel 12 (6.7 Μm)), the climatological features over the global tropical subsidence region are studied in this paper and the main findings are as follows: Key words satellite observation - OLR - HIRS-Tb12 - Tropical subsidence region - Monsoon This project was supported by the State Key Project of the SCSME and the National NSF No. 49875016.

关键词： satellite observation OLR HIRS-Tb12 Tropical subsidence region Monsoon

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Global land 1° mapping dataset of XCO_(2) from satellite observations of GOSAT and OCO-2 from 2009 to 2020

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Big Earth Data 2023年第1期7卷 170-190页

作者： Mengya Sheng Liping Lei Zhao-Cheng Zeng Weiqiang Rao Hao Songd Changjiang Wu Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijingChina

A global mapping data of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concen-trations can help us to better understand the spatiotemporal varia-tions of CO_(2) and the driving factors of the variations to support the actions for emissions reduction and *** gases satel-lites that measure atmospheric CO_(2),such as the Greenhouse Gases Observing satellite(GOSAT)and Orbiting Carbon Observatory(OCO-2),have been providing global observations of the column averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO_(2)(XCO_(2))since ***,these XCO_(2) retrievals are irregular in space and time with many *** this paper,we mapped a global spatiotemporally continuous XCO_(2) data-set(Mapping-XCO_(2))using the XCO_(2) retrievals from GOSAT and OCO-2 during the period from April 2009 to December 2020 based on a geostatistical approach that fills those data *** dataset covers a geographic range from 56°S to 65°N and 169°W to 180°E for a 1°grid interval in space and 3-day time *** uncer-tainties of the mapped XCO_(2) values are generally less than 1.5 parts per million(ppm).The spatiotemporal characteristics of global XCO_(2) that are revealed by the Mapping-XCO_(2) are similar to the model data obtained from *** to the ground observa-tions,the overall standard bias is 1.13 *** results indicate that this long-term Mapping-XCO_(2) dataset can be used to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of global atmospheric XCO_(2) and can support studies related to the carbon cycle and anthropogenic CO_(2) *** dataset is available at http://***/10.7910/DVN/4WDTD8 and https://***/en/detail?dataSetId=c2c3111b421043fc8d9b163c39e6f56e.

关键词： Global land mapping atmospheric CO_(2)column concentration satellite observation GOSAT OCO-2

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Meridional deflection of global eddy propagation derived from tandem altimetry: Mechanism and implication

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 811-825页

作者： Ge CHEN Xiaoyan CHEN Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System School of Marine TechnologyOcean University of ChinaQindao 266100China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Laoshan LaboratoryQindao 266237China

A common view on meridional deflection of eddy propagation is poleward for cyclones and equatorward for anticyclones. This widely accepted polarity-sensitive pattern has been increasingly undermined given that it is systematically violated on both zonal and regional scales as recently reported. Here, we approach the problem by exploring these violations in terms of eddy effects of spatiotemporal geostrophy, thermal fading, and flow dragging, yielding the following main conclusions.(1) The polarity-dependent deflection discrepancy is a pseudo feature resulting from a biased fit to the normalized eddy tracks which are spatially asymmetric(though azimuthally symmetric) between the two signs;Instead, the primary pattern of eddy deflection appears to be geographically correlated and polarity independent.(2) Geostrophic adjustment plays a critical role in defining the meridional movement of an eddy. Specifically, a consistent poleward(equatorward) trajectory bending of spatially(temporally) ageostrophic eddies is observed irrespective of their polarity.(3) The mechanism of eddy deflection is also determined by its zonal propagation direction. Westward propagating eddies are substantially affected by thermal fading, while opposite ones by flow dragging. A realistic and comprehensive understanding of eddy deflection mechanisms serves as a significant contribution to the prediction of eddy trajectory, and the protection of ocean environment.

关键词： Mesoscale eddies Eddy propagation Eddy meridional deflection satellite observation Geostrophic adjustment

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On the turbulent heat fluxes:A comparison among satellite-based estimates,atmospheric reanalyses,and in-situ observations during the winter climate over Arctic sea ice

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第3期14卷 347-362页

作者： Zhi-Lun ZHANG Feng-Ming HUI Timo VIHMA Mats A.GRANSKOG Bin CHENG Zhuo-Qi CHEN Xiao CHENG School of Geospatial Engineering and Science Sun Yat-sen University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Key Laboratory of Comprehensive observation of Polar Environment(Sun Yat-sen University) Ministry of EducationZhuhai 519082China University Corporation for Polar Research Beijing 100032China Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki 00560Finland Norwegian Polar Institute Fram CentreTromsøN-9296Norway

The surface energy budget is crucial for Arctic sea ice mass balance calculation and climate systems,among which turbulent heat fluxes significantly affect the airesea exchanges of heat and moisture in the atmospheric boundary *** observations(*** and APPX)and atmospheric reanalyses(e.g.,ERA5)are often used to represent components of the energy budget at regional and pan-Arctic ***,the uncertainties of the satellite-based turbulent heat fluxes are largely unknown,and cross-comparisons with reanalysis data and insitu observations are *** this study,satellite-based turbulent heat fluxes were assessed against in-situ observations from the N-ICE2015 drifting ice station(north of Svalbard,JanuaryeJune 2015)and ERA5 *** turbulent heat fluxes were calculated by two approaches using the satellite-based ice surface temperature and radiative fluxes,surface atmospheric parameters from ERA5,and snow/sea ice thickness from the pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS).We found that the bulk-aerodynamic formula based results could better capture the variations of turbulent heat fluxes,while the maximum entropy production based estimates are comparable with ERA5 in terms of root-mean-square error(RMSE).CERES-based estimates outperform the APP-X-based ones but ERA5 performs the best in all seasons(RMSE of 18 and 7 W m^(-2)for sensible and latent heat flux,respectively).The aireice temperature/humidity differences and the surface radiation budget were found the primary driving factors in the bulk-formula method and maximum entropy production(MEP)method,***,errors in the surface and near-surface temperature and humidity explain almost 50%of the uncertainties in the estimates based on the bulk-formula,whereas errors in the net radiative fluxes explain more than 50%of the uncertainties in the MEP-based results.

关键词： Arctic sea ice Surface energy budget Turbulent heat flux satellite observation Reanalysis Bulk-aerodynamic formula Maximum entropy production

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Dynamical and Chemical Features of a Cutoff Low over Northeast China in July 2007:Results from satellite Measurements and Reanalysis

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第2期30卷 525-540页

作者：刘传熙刘毅 Xiong LIU Kelly CHANCE Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics CambridgeMassachusettsUSA

The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather orology and measurements from the Microwave Limb Forecasts Re-Analysis Interim （ERA-Interim） meteSounder, High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder, and Ozone Monitoring Instrument onboard the Earth Observing System Aura satellite were applied to analyze the dynamical and chemical features of a cutoff low （COL） event over northeast China in early July 2007. The results showed the polar stratospheric origin of an upper-level warm-core cyclone at 100 300 hPa, associated with a funnel-shaped tropopause intruding into the mid-troposphere just above the COL center. The impacts of the stratospheric intrusion on both column ozone and ozone profiles were investigated using satellite measurements. When the intensity of the COL peaked on 10 July 2007, the total column ozone （TCO） increase reached a maximum （40-70 DU）. This could be dynamically attributed to both the descent of the tropopause （~75%） and the downward transport of stratospheric ozone across the tropopause （~25%）. Analysis of the tropospheric ozone profiles provided evidence for irreversible transport/mixing of ozone-rich stratospheric air across the tropopause near the upper-level front region ahead of the COL center. This ozone intrusion underwent downstream transport by the upper tropospheric winds, leading to further increase in TCO by 12 16 DU over broad regions extending from east China toward the northern Japan Sea via South Korea. Meteorological analysis also showed the precedence of the stratospheric intrusion ahead of the development of cyclones in the middle and lower troposphere.

关键词： stratosphere-troposphere exchange cutoff low tropopause ozone satellite observation

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Analysis of Short-term Cloud Feedback in East Asia Using Cloud Radiative Kernels

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第9期37卷 1007-1018页

作者： Fei WANG Hua ZHANG Qi CHEN Min ZHAO Ting YOU Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Cloud radiative kernels were built by BCC_RAD(Beijing Climate Center radiative transfer model)radiative transfer ***,short-term cloud feedback and its mechanisms in East Asia(0.5°S−60.5°N,69.5°−150.5°E)were analyzed quantitatively using the kernels combined with MODIS satellite data from July 2002 to June *** to the surface and monsoon types,four subregions in East Asia-the Tibetan Plateau,northwest,temperate monsoon(TM),and subtropical monsoon(SM)—were *** average longwave,shortwave,and net cloud feedbacks in East Asia are−0.68±1.20,1.34±1.08,and 0.66±0.40 W m^−2 K^−1(±2σ),respectively,among which the net feedback is dominated by the positive shortwave *** feedback in SM is the strongest of all subregions,mainly due to the contributions of nimbostratus and *** East Asia,short-term feedback in spring is primarily caused by marine stratus in SM,in summer is primarily driven by deep convective cloud in TM,in autumn is mainly caused by land nimbostratus in SM,and in winter is mainly driven by land stratus in *** feedback in East Asia is chiefly driven by decreases in mid-level and low cloud fraction owing to the changes in relative humidity,and a decrease in low cloud optical thickness due to the changes in cloud water content.

关键词： short-term cloud feedback cloud radiative kernels satellite observation East Asia

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Inter-annual variations of 6.5-day planetary waves and their relations with QBO

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第2期6卷 135-148页

作者： YingYing Huang Jun Cui HuiJun Li ChongYin Li National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Space Weather Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory(PEARL) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai Guangdong 519082China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai Guangdong 519082China College of Astronautics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

This paper studies inter-annual variations of 6.5-Day Waves(6.5 DWs) observed at altitudes 20-110 km between 52°S-52°N latitudes during March 2002-January 2021, and how these variations were related to the equatorial stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation(QBO). Temperature amplitudes of the 6.5 DWs are calculated based on SABER/TIMED observations. QBO zonal winds are obtained from an ERA5 reanalysis dataset. QBO phases are derived using an Empirical Orthogonal Functions(EOF) method. Wavelet analysis of the observed 6.5 DW variations demonstrates obvious spectral maximums around 28-38 months at 32°N-52°N, and around 26-30 months at 32°S-52°S. In the Northern Hemisphere, peak periods lengthened poleward;in the Southern Hemisphere, however,they were unchanged with latitude. Residual 6.5 DWs amplitudes have been determined by removing composite amplitudes from 6.5 DWs amplitudes. Comparisons between QBO and monthly maximum residual 6.5 DWs amplitudes(AMmax) show clear correlations between the QBO and 6.5 DWs in both hemispheres, but the observed relationship is stronger in the NH. When AMmax NH, the mean QBO profile was easterly at all levels from 70 to 5 hPa;when the AMmax below 30 hPa. Linear Pearson correlation coefficients between QBO phases and AMmax 20°N-52°N in April and around 64 km at 24°S in February, and large negative values from 80 to 110 km between 20°N-50°N in August and at 96-106 km between 20°S-44°S in February. These results indicate quantitative correlations between QBO and 6.5 DWs and provide credible evidences for further studies of QBO modulations on long-term variations of 6.5 DWs.

关键词： planetary wave quasi-biennial osillations wave-flow interactions satellite observation

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Arctic multiyear sea ice variability observed from satellites:a review

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第4期38卷 962-984页

作者： BI Haibo LIANG Yu WANG Yunhe LIANG Xi ZHANG Zehua DU Tingqin YU Qinglong HUANG Jue KONG Mei HUANG Haijun CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Geology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266200China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shandong Academy of Environmental Science Co. Ltd.Jinan 250013China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590China Shandong Provincial Eco-environment Monitoring Center Jinan 250101China

In comparison with seasonal sea ice(first-year ice,FY ice),multiyear(MY)sea ice is thicker and has more opportunity to survive through the summer melting ***,the variability of wintertime MY ice plays a vital role in modulating the variations in the Arctic sea ice minimum extent during the following *** a response,the ice-ocean-atmosphere interactions may be significantly affected by the variations in the MY ice *** observations are characterized by their capability to capture the spatiotemporal changes of Arctic sea *** the recent decades,many active and passive sensors onboard a variety of satellites(QuikSCAT,ASCAT,SSMIS,ICESat,CryoSat-2,etc.)have been used to monitor the dramatic loss of Arctic MY *** main objective of this study is to outline the advances and remaining challenges in monitoring the MY ice changes through the utilization of multiple satellite *** summarize the primary satellite data sources that are used to identify MY *** methodology to classify MY ice and derive MY ice concentration is *** interannual variability and trends in the MY ice time series in terms of coverage,thickness,volume,and age composition are *** potential causes associated with the observed Arctic MY ice loss are outlined,which are primarily related to the export and melting *** addition,the causes to the MY ice depletion from the perspective of the oceanic water inflow from Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the water vapor intrusion,as well as the roles of synoptic weather,are *** remaining challenges and possible upcoming research subjects in detecting the rapidly changing Arctic MY ice using the combined application of multisource remote sensing techniques are ***,some suggestions for the future application of satellite observations on the investigations of MY ice cover changes are proposed.

关键词： multiyear sea ice Arctic Ocean satellite observation

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A case study of air quality control in Beijing and the surrounding area during the 2015 World Championships and Parade

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2017年第3期10卷 252-260页

作者： ZHOU Li-Hua ZHANG Xing-Ying ZHANG Jing ZHU Si-Guang MENG Xiao-Yang College of Global Change and Earth System Sciences Beijing Normal University National satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration

Based on satellite observations, the effects of emission reduction measures on air pollutants （NO2 （nitrogen dioxide）, SO2 （sulfur dioxide）, and aerosols） were estimated in Beijing and its surroundings during the 2015 World Championships and Parade （WCP） held in Beijing. Compared with the same period in the previous three years （2012-2014）, the tropospheric vertical column densities of NO2 and SO2 in 2015 were significantly reduced in Beijing and its surroundings. During the WCP, aerosol optical depth was reduced most significantly in Beijing, while NO2 and SO2 were reduced most significantly in Hebei and Tianjin, respectively. The meteorological conditions were also favorable during this period. During the WCP, the North China Plain was located under high pressure from the north of China. A southward pressure gradient force and weak northerly and northeasterly winds blocked the transport of pollution from southern and western parts of the industrial area （Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong provinces）. Cold air masses pushed southwards weakly. These conditions were beneficial to the removal of air pollutants in Beijing.

关键词： Parade air quality satellite observation emission control meteorological factor

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