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The impacts of gradually terminating nonpharmaceutical interventions for sars-cov-2:A mathematical modelling analysis

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 401-411页

作者： Bin Wu Yuetian Yu Xing Lin Feng Medical Decision and Economic Group Department of PharmacyRen Ji HospitalSouth CampusSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200000China Department of Critical Care Medicine Ren Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200001China Department of Health Policy and Management School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

With the expansion of vaccination programs,the policy of terminating nonpharmaceutical interventions for preventing the sars-cov-2 pandemic should become more *** current study investigated the clinical and economic outcomes of intervention policies combining nonpharmaceutical interventions and vaccination programs for dealing with the sars-cov-2 *** agent-based transmission model was adopted that describes how a sars-cov-2 virus spreads in the populations of *** model inputs were derived from the literature and expert *** following intervention policies were simulated:no intervention,strict nonpharmaceutical interventions,and nonpharmaceutical interventions for workplace,community,school and home gradually terminated by combining vaccination programs for specified age groups(vaccination age in years:20-60,20-70,20-80,≥20,≥10 and whole population).Cumulative infections and deaths in one calendar year,costs and quality-adjusted life years(QALYs)were *** the vaccination program was taken up in at least the≥20 years age group in all populations,nonpharmaceutical interventions for workplace and community settings could be gradually terminated because the cumulative number of infections wascoverage have substantial *** nonpharmaceutical interventions in workplace settings could produce the lowest cost when vaccination programs are taken up at least in the≥10 years age group;this method dominates most intervention strategies due to its lower costs and higher *** to our findings,nonpharmaceutical interventions might be gradually terminated

关键词： sars-cov-2 Nonpharmaceutical interventions Vaccination program Cumulative infections and deaths Economic outcomes

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Inferring community transmission of sars-cov-2 in the United Kingdom using the ONS covID-19 Infection Survey

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 299-313页

作者： Ruth McCabe Gabriel Danelian Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths Christl A.Donnelly Department of Statistics University of OxfordUK National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections UK United Kingdom Health Security Agency UK The Queen's College University of OxfordUK The Pandemic Sciences Institute University of OxfordUK MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Imperial College LondonUK

Key epidemiological parameters,including the effective reproduction number,,and the instantaneous growth rate,,generated from an ensemble of models,have been informing public health policy throughout the covID-19 pandemic in the four nations of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(UK).However,estimation of these quantities became challenging with the scaling down of surveillance systems as part of the transition from the“emergency”to“endemic”phase of the *** Office for National Statistics(ONS)covID-19 Infection Survey(CIS)provided an opportunity to continue estimating these parameters in the absence of other data *** used a penalised spline model fitted to the publicly-available ONS CIS test positivity estimates to produce a smoothed estimate of the prevalence of sars-cov-2 positivity over *** resulting fitted curve was used to estimate the“ONS-based”and across the four nations of the *** produced under this model are compared to government-published estimates with particular consideration given to the contribution that this single data stream can offer in the estimation of these *** on the nation and parameter,we found that up to 77%of the variance in the government-published estimates can be explained by the ONS-based estimates,demonstrating the value of this singular data stream to track the epidemic in each of the four *** additionally find that the ONS-based estimates uncover epidemic trends earlier than the corresponding government-published *** work shows that the ONS CIS can be used to generate key covID-19 epidemiological parameters across the four UK nations,further underlining the enormous value of such population-level studies of *** is not intended as an alternative to ensemble modelling,rather it is intended as a potential solution to the aforementioned challenge faced by public health officials in the UK in early 2022.

关键词： Effective reproduction number Instantaneous growth rate sars-cov-2 covID-19 ONS covID-19 Infection Survey Surveillance

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Evaluating the spike in the symptomatic proportion of sars-cov-2 in China in 2022 with variolation effects:a modeling analysis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 601-617页

作者： Salihu S.Musa Shi Zhao Ismail Abdulrashid Sania Qureshi Andrés Colubri Daihai He Department of Genomics and Computational Biology University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA Department of Applied Mathematics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SARChina Department of Mathematics Aliko Dangote University of Science and TechnologyKanoNigeria School of Public Health Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China School of Finance and Operations Management The University of Tulsa800 South Tucker Dr.TulsaOK74104USA Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies Mehran University of Engineering and Tech.JamshoroPakistan Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon

Despite most covID-19 infections being asymptomatic,China's Mainland had a high increase in symptomatic cases at the end of *** this study,we examine China's sudden covID-19 symptomatic surge using a conceptual SIR-based *** model considers the epidemiological characteristics of sars-cov-2,particularly variolation,from non-pharmaceutical intervention(facial masking and social distance),demography,and disease mortality in China's *** increase in symptomatic proportions in China may be attributable to(1)higher sensitivity and vulnerability during winter and(2)enhanced viral inhalation due to spikes in sars-cov-2 infections(high transmissibility).These two reasons could explain China's high symptomatic proportion of covID-19 in December *** study,therefore,can serve as a decision-support tool to enhance sars-cov-2 prevention and control ***,we highlight that facemask-induced variolation could potentially reduces transmissibility rather than severity in infected ***,further investigation is required to understand the variolation effect on disease severity.

关键词： sars-cov-2 Epidemic Epidemiological modeling Reproduction number Variolation

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Examining the effects of voluntary avoidance behaviour and policy-mediated behaviour change on the dynamics of sars-cov-2:A mathematical model

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第3期9卷 701-712页

作者： Gabrielle Brankston David N.Fisman Zvonimir Poljak Ashleigh R.Tuite Amy L.Greer Department of Population Medicine University of GuelphCanada Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoCanada Centre for Immunization Readiness Public Health Agency of CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada

Background Throughout the sars-cov-2 pandemic,policymakers have had to navigate between recommending voluntary behaviour change and policy-driven behaviour change to mitigate the impact of the *** individuals will voluntarily engage in self-protective behaviour when there is an increasing infectious disease risk,the extent to which this occurs and its impact on an epidemic is not *** This paper describes a deterministic disease transmission model exploring the impact of individual avoidance behaviour and policy-mediated avoidance behaviour on epidemic outcomes during the second wave of sars-cov-2 infections in Ontario,Canada(September 1,2020 to February 28,2021).The model incorporates an information feedback function based on empirically derived behaviour data describing the degree to which avoidance behaviour changed in response to the number of new daily cases *** Voluntary avoidance behaviour alone was estimated to reduce the final attack rate by 23.1%,the total number of hospitalizations by 26.2%,and cumulative deaths by 27.5%over 6 months compared to a counterfactual scenario in which there were no interventions or avoidance behaviour.A provincial shutdown order issued on December 26,2020 was estimated to reduce the final attack rate by 66.7%,the total number of hospitalizations by 66.8%,and the total number of deaths by 67.2%compared to the counterfactual *** Given the dynamics of sars-cov-2 in a pre-vaccine era,individual avoidance behaviour in the absence of government action would have resulted in a moderate reduction in disease however,it would not have been sufficient to entirely mitigate transmission and the associated risk to the population in *** action during the second wave of the covID-19 pandemic in Ontario reduced infections,protected hospital capacity,and saved lives.

关键词： Mathematical modelling covID-19 sars-cov-2 Human behaviour

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Resolution of sperm quality impairment following sars-cov-2 infection:A prospective study

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第5期13卷 207-212页

作者： Marzieh Derakhshan Maryam Derakhshan Elham Naghshineh Minoo Movahedi Hatav Ghasemi-Tehrani Fatemeh Bamarinejad Atefeh Bamarinejad Zeinab Omidvar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Anatomy School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Shahid Beheshti Fertility Center Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Department of Pathology School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran

Objective:To investigate the length of time required to resolve covID-19 effects on semen quality and DNA ***:A prospective cohort study was conducted among 42 men who tested positive for sars-cov-2 and underwent semen analysis at baseline and four months’*** samples were collected and evaluated for macroscopic and microscopic parameters,sperm chromatin maturation,and DNA ***:The mean age of participants was 37(±7)years,and 14%had normozoospermia at *** a four-month recovery from covID-19,48%of patients had *** count,motility,and morphology increased significantly,while sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm chromatin maturation decreased significantly post-recovery from ***:Sperm parameters improve after a four-month recovery from *** findings indicate significant improvements in sperm count,motility,morphology,DNA fragmentation,and chromatin maturation after a four-month recovery period.

关键词： sars-cov-2 Male fertility Recovery Sperm DNA fragmentation Sperm parameter

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Anemoside B4 inhibits sars-cov-2 replication in vitro and in vivo

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第1期16卷 106-112页

作者： Mingyue Xiao Ronghua Luo Qinghua Liang Honglv Jiang Yanli Liu Guoqiang Xu Hongwei Gao Yongtang Zheng Qiongming Xu Shilin Yang College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China College of Pharmacy Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanning 530000China

Objective: Anemoside B4(AB4), the most abundant triterpenoidal saponin isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis, inhibited influenza virus FM1 or Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia. However, the anti-sars-cov-2 effect of AB4 has not been unraveled. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antiviral activity and potential mechanism of AB4 in inhibiting human coronavirus sars-cov-2 in vivo and in ***: The cytotoxicity of AB4 was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK8) assay. sars-cov-2 infected HEK293T, HPAEpiC, and Vero E6 cells were used for in vitro assays. The antiviral effect of AB4 in vivo was evaluated by sars-cov-2-infected hACE2-IRES-luc transgenic mouse model. Furthermore,label-free quantitative proteomics and bioinformatic analysis were performed to explore the potential antiviral mechanism of action of AB4. Type Ⅰ IFN signaling-associated proteins were assessed using Western blotting or immumohistochemical ***: The data showed that AB4 reduced the propagation of sars-cov-2 along with the decreased Nucleocapsid protein(N), Spike protein(S), and 3C-like protease(3CLpro) in HEK293T cells. In vivo antiviral activity data revealed that AB4 inhibited viral replication and relieved pneumonia in a sars-cov-2 infected mouse model. We further disclosed that the antiviral activity of AB4 was associated with the enhanced interferon(IFN)-β response via the activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene Ⅰ(RIG-1) like receptor(RLP) pathways. Additionally, label-free quantitative proteomic analyses discovered that 17 proteins were significantly altered by AB4 in the sars-cov-2 coronavirus infections cells. These proteins mainly clustered in RNA ***: Our results indicated that AB4 inhibited sars-cov-2 replication through the RLR pathways and moderated the RNA metabolism, suggesting that it would be a potential lead compound for the development of anti-sars-cov-2 drugs.

关键词： anemoside B4 interferon RNA metabolism quantitative proteomics sars-cov-2

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Roles of host proteases in the entry of sars-cov-2

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 27-39页

作者： Alexandria Zabiegalal Yunjeong Kim Kyeong-Ok Chang Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State University1800 Denison Avenue ManhattanKS 66506USA

The spike protein(S)of sars-cov-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry,thus a major factor for host suscep-tibility,tissue tropism,virulence and *** S is divided with S1 and S2 region,and the S1 contains the receptor-binding domain(RBD),while the S2 contains the hydrophobic fusion domain for the entry into the host *** host proteases have been implicated in the activation of sars-cov-2 S through various c leavage *** this article,we review host proteases including furin,trypsin,transmembrane protease serine 2(TMPRSS2)and cathepsins in the activation of sars-cov-2 *** betacoronaviruses including sars-cov-2 have polybasic residues at the S1/S2 site which is subjected to the cleavage by *** S1/S2 cleavage facilitates more assessable RBD to the receptor ACE2,and the binding triggers further conformational changes and exposure of the S2'site to proteases such as type Il transmembrane serine proteases(TTPRs)including *** the presence of TMPRSS2 on the target cells,sars-cov-2 can utilize a direct entry route by fusion of the viral envelope to the cellular *** the absence of TMPRSS2,sars-cov-2 enter target cells via endosomes where multiple cathepsins cleave the S for the successful *** host proteases involved in the cleavage of the S were *** article also includes roles of 3C-like protease inhibitors which have inhibitory activity against cathepsin L in the entry of sars-cov-2,and discussed the dual roles of such inhibitors in virus replication.

关键词： sars-cov-2 Spike protein(S) Host proteases Cleavage site Virus entry

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Molecular mechanisms underlying sars-cov-2 hepatotropism and liver damage

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 1-11页

作者： Jorge Quarleri M Victoria Delpino Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida(INBIRS) Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Buenos Aires 1121Argentina

In coronavirus disease 2019(covID-19),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(sars-cov-2)primarily targets the respiratory system,but evidence suggests extrapulmonary organ involvement,notably in the *** RNA has been detected in hepatic tissues,and in situ hybridization revealed virions in blood vessels and endothelial *** microscopy confirmed viral particles in hepatocytes,emphasizing the need for understanding hepatotropism and direct cytopathic effects in covID-19-related liver *** factors contribute to liver injury,including direct cytotoxicity,vascular changes,inflammatory responses,immune reactions from covID-19 and vaccinations,and druginduced liver *** a typical hepatitis presentation is not widely documented,elevated liver biochemical markers are common in hospitalized covID-19 patients,primarily showing a hepatocellular pattern of ***-term studies suggest progressive cholestasis may affect 20%of patients with chronic liver disease post-sars-cov-2 *** molecular mechanisms underlying sars-cov-2 infection in the liver and the resulting liver damage are ***“Editorial”highlights the expression of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor in liver cells,the role of inflammatory responses,the impact of hypoxia,the involvement of the liver's vascular system,the infection of bile duct epithelial cells,the activation of hepatic stellate cells,and the contribution of monocyte-derived *** also mentions that pre-existing liver conditions can worsen the outcomes of *** the interaction of sars-cov-2 with the liver is still evolving,and further research is required.

关键词： sars-cov-2 covID-19 Hepatotropism Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2

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Understanding autoimmune response after sars-cov-2 infection and the pathogenesis/mechanisms of long covID

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Medical Review 2024年第5期4卷 367-383页

作者： Ming Guo Shunlai Shang Mengfei Li Guangyan Cai Ping Li Xiangmei Chen Qinggang Li Department of Nephrology First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalState Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases ResearchBeijing 100853China Department of Nephrology China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem China

covID-19 posed a major challenge to the healthcare *** and the adoption of numerous prevention and control measures enabled the gradual end of the covID-19 ***,successive occurrence of autoimmune diseases in patients with covID-19cannot *** covID has been themajor focus of research due to the long duration of different symptoms and the variety of systems *** may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of long ***,we reviewed several autoimmune disorders occurring after covID-19 infection and the pathogenesis of long covID.

关键词： covID-19 sars-cov-2 long covID autoimmunity

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利用定量单病毒示踪技术探究sars-cov-2与细胞膜融合动态过程

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 502-511页

作者：刘昊阳胡宇斯余聪王志刚刘书琳庞代文 State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Frontiers Science Center for New Organic MatterFrontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesTianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular RecognitionResearch Center for Analytical SciencesCollege of Chemistryand School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192China

Viral envelope fusion with the host plasma membrane(PM)for genome release is a hallmark step in the life cycle of many enveloped *** process is regulated by a complex network of biomolecules on the PM,but robust tools to precisely elucidate the dynamic mechanisms of virus-PM fusion events are still ***,we developed a quantitative single-virus tracking approach based on highly efficient dual-color labelling of viruses and batch trajectory analysis to achieve the spatiotemporal quantification of fusion *** approach allows us to comprehensively analyze the membrane fusion mechanism utilized by pseudotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(sars-cov-2)at the singlevirus level and precisely elucidate how the relevant biomolecules synergistically regulate the fusion *** results revealed that sars-cov-2 may promote the formation of supersaturated clusters of cholesterol to facilitate the initiation of the membrane fusion process and accelerate the viral genome release.

关键词： sars-cov-2 Fluorescence labelling Membrane fusion Quantum dot Single-virus tracking

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