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Thermodynamics of the Reduction Roasting of Nickeliferous Laterite Ores

Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2016年第6期4卷 320-346页

作者： R. Elliott C. A. Pickles J. Forster Robert M. Buchan Department of Mining Queen’s University Kingston Canada

The global nickel sulphide resources are becoming more difficult to mine and, as a result, there is increasing interest in the current and future development of the oxidic nickel laterite deposits. In comparison to the sulphide ores, the nickel laterites cannot be readily upgraded by conventional means and growing attention is being focused on the development of new methods for processing these ores. In this paper, firstly, brief overviews of laterite ore mineralogy and the conventional techniques used to extract the nickel from both the limonitic and the saprolitic nickeliferous laterites are provided. Secondly, previous research on the thermodynamic modelling of the reduction of the laterites is discussed. Thirdly, an improved thermodynamic model is used to predict the equilibrium products arising from the solid state reduction of both the limonitic and the saprolitic ores. Based on these thermodynamic predictions, the reduction behaviors of the two ore types are compared in terms of nickel recovery and grade in the ferronickel product. The effects of reduction temperature, ore composition and carbon additions were studied. Finally, the results from the simulations are compared to the experimental data available in the literature.

关键词： Limonite saprolite Nickel Thermodynamics Reduction

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Multi-Scale Organization of the Doumbouo-FokouéBauxites Ore Deposits (West Cameroon): Implication to the Landscape Lowering

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Open Journal of Geology 2012年第1期2卷 14-24页

作者： Momo Nouazi Mathieu Tematio Paul Yemefack Martin 不详

Landscape distribution, macroscopic, microscopic, mineral and geochemical characterizations were conducted on the Doumbouo-Fokoué bauxite ore deposit in order to estimate bauxites potential and its implication to general lowering of the relief. Fourteen bauxitic plateaus covering a surface area of 5.7 km2 were identified. Bauxitic pedons show deep weathered profiles (10.0 - 12.0 m) with thick bauxitic mantle (4.0 - 8.0 m). saprolite and pisolith bauxitic facies own high aluminium (47.5% - 49.5% Al2O3), relatively low iron (20.0% - 22.0% Fe2O3) and low silica contents (1.8% - 7.6% SiO2). Gibbsite is the dominant mineral (49% - 68% of minerals detected by X-ray);meanwhile hematite, goethite and kaolinite occur in small amounts. Bauxitization corresponds to intense allitization with abundant accumulation of gibbsite and development of lateritic iron bearing ortho-bauxites. Bauxite ores yielded bauxite reserves of 9.2 million tons. They occur as old and residual bauxitic mantles representing remnants of the Miocene residual lateritic deposits in West Cameroon referring to the African surface of Valeton [1]. Its mean altitude (1532 - 1590 m als) below the African surface reveals general lowering of the relief.

关键词： Bauxitic plateaus saprolite facies Pisolith facies Relief lowering West Cameroon

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Aspects of palaeosols in Australia

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S1期44卷 26-29页

作者： Clifford David OLLIER Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies Australian National University Canberra 0200 Australia

Numerous examples of long term landscape are presented relating soil and regolith tolandforms going back to Cenozoic or Mesozoic times. Many conventional approaches to soil areinappropriate for such materials. It is i... 详细信息

关键词： Australia regolith saprolite deep weathering beach ridges

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