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On the Importance of sanitary Sewer Overflow on the Total Discharge of Microplastics from Sewage Water

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第9期10卷 1105-1118页

作者： Christian Baresel Mikael Olshammar IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Stockholm Sweden

The paper provides an investigation and understanding of the significance of various wastewater flows on microplastics retainment and emission to the environment. WWTPs and sewer overflows as an important pathway of microplastics to the environment are assessed by considering the removal of microplastics in WWTPs with different treatment processes and several sewer overflow types and their contribution to microplastic loads to recipients. On the example of the Baltic Sea basin, presented results indicate a considerable discharge of microplastic from WWTPs despite the relatively good overall removal efficiency. Results show that the discharge of microplastics from sewer overflows can be in the same magnitude as from treated wastewater although the total flow is much lower than that of treated wastewater. Sewer overflow events frequently occur and are expected to increase due to climate change and urbanization, unless infrastructure is adapted. At the same time, sewer overflows are often neglected in conventional wastewater handling.

关键词： Microplastics Wastewater Treatment sanitary Sewer Overflow Emissions Baltic Sea Basin

Evaluating Subdivisions for Identifying Extraneous Flow in Separate sanitary Sewer Systems

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第6期4卷 334-341页

作者： Adam Lanning Eric W. Peterson Bloomington & Normal Water Reclamation District Bloomington USA Department of Geography-Geology Illinois State University Normal USA

Separate sanitary sewer systems are designed to convey sewage waste from municipal areas to a central treatment facility;they are not designed to handle water associated with precipitation events. However, intercept of groundwater (infiltration) and of flows through manholes or unauthorized connections (inflows) introduces rainwater into the sanitary sewer system. Infiltration/Inflow (I/I) increases the costs associated with treatment and can create additional environmental problems. Identifying and quantifying the volume I/I can be complicated and costly. A simple quantitative method was developed to quantify the extent of I/I occurring in sewer sheds. The method uses measured sewer flows, water usage, precipitation values, and land cover data to calculate the volume of extraneous flows. To assess its utility, the method was used to compare two urban sewer sheds, Holiday Knolls and Eagle View. Both sewer sheds showed evidence of I/I in excess of 200 gallons per day per inch-mile of sewer pipe (gpd/in-mile). Holiday Knolls, the older subdivision had an average I/I of 1912 gpd/in-mile, while Eagle View had an average of 1143 gpd/in-mile. The devel- oped method provided simple means to calculate I/I and to identify sewer sheds in need of repair.

关键词： sanitary Sewers Inflow Infiltration Modeling

Discussion on sanitary Supervision and Administration in Tourist City Hangzhou

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旅行医学科学 1999年第2期5卷 3-5,47页

作者： He Youkang Hangzhou Health and Quarantine Bureau, P. R. China

This paper reported main measures of sanitary supervision and administration which have been taken in recent years by Hangzhou- a tourist city famous for its scenic beauty in the world, so as to create a clean and tidy environment for tourists both at home and abroad. These measures include: creating sanitary city, improving environmental facilities, strengthening food hygiene, developing disease monitoring, intensifying first aid and recovery, and establishing civilized port. The execution of these measures guarantees the health and safety of tourists and provides good experience for the health care of international tourists. It can be asserted that energetically strengthening sanitary supervision and administration in every tourist city will significantly promote the development of tourism.

关键词： tourist city sanitary supervision sanitary administration

Cholinesterase Activity as an Indicator of Health Risks among Kou Valley Farmers

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 71-86页

作者： Thiombiano Cherileila Hien S. Aristide Koevi Nadège Bayili Bazoma Ouattara Abdoulaye Traore Patrice Traore T. Isidore Hien Herve Centre Muraz Institut National de Sant Publique (INSP) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut Suprieur des Science de la Sant (INSSA) University of Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Science de la Sant (IRSS) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Pesticides are currently an essential component of agricultural production techniques for controlling pests and weeds. In Burkina Faso, non-compliance with good practice in the use of pesticides poses a real health problem for the population. This study examines the health risks associated with pesticide management in rice-growing areas. Material and Methods: A field survey was conducted in Bama, involving farmers, focusing on their socio-demographic characteristics, pesticide usage, and health effects. Cholinesterase levels were measured in subsample of farmers using a portable device. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel, calculating means and percentages for various practices. Health consultations, protection methods, and pesticide management were studied. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity was compared before and after treatment. Data were categorised into classes based on inhibition levels, and correlation analyses determined relationships between variables such as age, years of experience, and cholinesterase activity. Results: The results indicate that rice cultivation is mainly carried out by a fairly young population, with nearly 63% being under the age of 50. Common poor practices in pesticide use include improper storage and reuse of leftover pesticides. Seven types of pesticides were identified, including organophosphates such as glyphosate, which was used in 26.7% of cases. This organophosphate has resulted in class B poisoning, causing a 30% - 50% reduction in erythrocyte cholinesterase activity. The health effects of pesticide use are felt by agricultural farmers through various symptoms of poisoning. Conclusion: To reduce the occurrence of pesticide poisoning, it is essential to launch information and awareness campaigns among the population and farmers to promote safe practices in pesticide use in Bama, Burkina Faso.

关键词： Pesticides Environmental sanitary Risk Acetylcholinesterase Farmers Bama Burkina Faso

PRESENT SITUATION OF CHINESE ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION EDUCATION AND ITS PROSPECTIVE STRATEGY

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1990年第1期10卷 3-5页

作者：傅世垣 State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine

PRESENT SITUATION OFCHINESE ACUPUNCTURE ANDMOXIBUSTION EDUCATIONThe science of acupuncture andmoxibustion(Acup-Moxi)is an importantbranch of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).Likewise,Acup-Moxi eudcation

关键词： acupuncture bronze founding intensified sanitary lecture diversified exchanges raise skill

Incidence of Intestinal Parasites among Food Handlers (Hawkers) around the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第1期4卷 23-28页

作者： R. C. Egbuobi M. A. Nwagbaraocha J. N. Dike-Ndudim H. M. Okorie I. A. Ogamaka L. N. Egbuobi P. C. Enwuru J. E. Ereh Department of Medical Laboratory Science Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Microbiology Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Hospital Management Board Ministry of Health Owerri Nigeria Public Health Laboratory Ministry of Health Owerri Nigeria St. John’s Medical Laboratory Owerri Nigeria

Incidence of intestinal Parasites has been described as one of the most common problems of developing countries like Nigeria. World Health Organization estimated that 3.5 billion people worldwide are infected with some types of intestinal parasites, and as many as 450 million of them are sick as a result. This work therefore is carried out to access the carrier status of food handlers around the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu in Enugu State of Nigeria as well as to ascertain the common offending parasite. Three hundred and six (306) stool samples were randomly collected between January and August, 2001 from food vendors occupying the zones around the Teaching Hospital which include: UNTH Road, Railway track, Prison old park and Dean’s cook. The samples were transported to the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Parasitology Laboratory within 1 hour of production and analysed Parasitologically using Physiological saline and iodine direct mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Out of the 306 stool samples analysed, 126 representing 41.2% tested positive to parasites. Entamobe histolytica showed the highest incidence of 52.4% followed by Ascaris lumbricoidis with 23.8% and the least was Tricharis trichura with 40%. The incidence of mixed infection was 44.4%. Female food handlers were more infected 44.2% than the male food handlers 36.8%. Whereas Meat handlers were most infected 66.7% among other food handlers. From the result of the work, it can be inferredthat the incidence of intestinal parasites among food handlers around the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu is high and this can be attributed mainly to poor sanitary condition of this area. We therefore recommend that Enugu State Government should intensify her sanitation programme especially where public foods are being handled, as well as provide enlightenment campaign for food handlers to save the lives of her citizenry.

关键词： Parasite University Hospital Teaching sanitary Helminthes

Impact of Urban Expansion on Superficial Water Quality in Periurban Areas

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第12期10卷 1591-1601页

作者： Adriana Schueler Vinicius Perrut dos Santos Decio Tubbs Department of Architecture and Urbanism and Post Graduate Program in Territorial Development and Public Policies Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Brasil Engineering and Architecture Project Coordination from Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Brasil Department of Geoscience Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Brasil

Economic growth promoted by large investment projects in the city of Seropédica and surrounding areas is not accompanied by a territorial planning that supports future growth scenarios. The challenge of the municipality is to prepare to have its territory fully transformed. This study aimed to establish quantitative data on the interferences that the growth model practiced has caused in its main watercourse called Val?o dos Bois. For this, its morphometric characteristics and physicochemical parameters of water quality were measured, and computational simulations of the self-purification processes were performed at various points, as well as the infiltration and precipitation processes, surface flow and leaching in four occupation scenarios of the urbanized areas of the basin, for rains with five different return periods.

关键词： Water Recourses Urban Development Computer Simulation sanitary Sewage

Patogenic and Indicator Microorganisms in Chicken Cuts Sold in the Recôncavo-Bahia-Brazil

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第11期8卷 1028-1038页

作者： Wanessa Karine Da Silva Lima Ludmilla Santana Soares Barros Ricardo Mendes Da Silva Tamiles Barreto De Deus Adriana Dos Santos Silva Danuza Das Virgens Lima Centro de Ciências Agrárias Ambientais e Biológicas Universidade Federal do Rec&ocirc ncavo da Bahia Cruz das Almas Bahia

Hygiene-sanitary conditions, the presence of Salmonella spp. and indicator microorganisms of chicken cuts sold on the market in the Rec?ncavo da Bahia area, are analyzed and their co-relationship with conditions of commercialization is verified. Sixty samples were collected between May and August 2016 at informal selling sites (fairs, butcher shops, abattoirs) and in supermarkets of ten municipalities of the Rec?ncavo da Bahia region. Hygiene and sanitary conditions were assessed through a check list. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, mesophylls, psychrotrophic organisms, molds and yeast, and Salmonella spp. were counted. Results revealed statistical difference for total coliforms and Escherichia coli only, featuring greater concentration rates in fairs, butcher shops and abattoirs. Further, 31.7% of samples indicated 31.7% Salmonella spp. and 16.6% of samples failed to comply with sanitary legislation on Escherichia coli. Observational analysis demonstrated that 61.83% and 38.1% of the samples respectively on informal sites and in supermarkets did not comply with legislation and indicated a co-relationship of some variables with the growth of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and mesophylls. Pathogenic and indicator microorganisms suggest flaws in hygiene and sanitary conditions in the commercialization of chicken cuts and health risks to consumers.

关键词： Microbiological Contamination Hygiene and sanitary Conditions Salmonella Chickens

Interactions between Development and Human Health

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China Population Today 2000年第Z1期17卷 14-18页