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Experimental and numerical investigation on alternatives to sandy gravel

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 130-141页

作者： V.Denefeld H.Aurich Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institut(EMI)Ernst-Zermelo-Str.479104FreiburgGermany Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institut(EMI)Am Christianswuhr 279400KandernGermany

The NATO agreement STANAG 4569 defines the protection levels for the occupants of logistic and light armored *** Allied Engineering Publication,AEP-55,Volume 2 document outlines the test conditions for underbelly improvised explosive device(IEDs),which must be buried in water-saturated sandy *** use of sandy gravel has some drawbacks,for instance reproducibility,time consumption,and *** paper focuses on the investigation of four alternatives to sandy gravel,which could produce similar specific and cumulative impulses:a concrete pot filled with water,a concrete pot filled with quartz sand,a steel pot without filling and a concrete pot filled with glass spheres(diameter 200μm—300μm)and different water *** impulses are measured with a ring technology developed at the Fraunhofer EMI.A numerical soil model based on the work of Marrs,2014 and Fi serov a,2006 and considering the soil moisture was used to simulate the experiments with glass spheres at different water contents,showing much better agreement with the experiments than the classical Laine&Sandvik model,even for high saturation *** results can be used to create new test conditions at original scale that are more cost-effective,more reproducible and simpler to manage in comparison to the current tests carried out with STANAG sandy gravel.

关键词： Improvised explosive device(IED) Specific impulse Momentum transfer sandy gravel Glass spheres Numerical model Soil moisture

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Penetration grouting reinforcement of sandy gravel

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Journal of Central South University of Technology 2008年第2期15卷 280-284页

作者：杨坪彭振斌唐益群彭文祥何忠明 Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji University School of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering Central South University

To study the relationship between grouting effect and grouting factors, three factors （seven parameters） directionless pressure and small cycle grouting model experiment on sandy gravel was done, which was designed according to uniform design method. And regressing was applied to analysis of the test data. The two models test results indicate that when the diffusing radius of grout changes from 26 to 51 cm, the grouted sandy gravel compressing strength changes from 2.13 to 12.30 MPa; the relationship between diffusing radius（R） and water cement ratio（m）, permeability coefficient（k）, grouting pressure（p）, grouting time（t） is R=19.953m^0.121k^0.429p^0.412t^0.437; the relationship between compressing strength（P） and porosity（n）, water cement ratio, grouting pressure, grouting time is P =0.984n^0.517m6-1.488p^0.118t^0.031. So the porosity of sandy gravel, the permeability coefficient of sandy gravel, grouting pressure, grouting time, water cement ratio are main factors to influence the grouting effect. The grouting pressure is the main factor to influence grouting diffusing radius, and the water cement ratio is the main factor to influence grouted sandy gravel compressing strength.

关键词： penetration grouting uniform design method sandy gravel

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