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Numerical modelling of the dynamic process of oil displacement by water in sandstone reservoirs with random pore structures

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2021年第3期9卷 233-244页

作者： Fei Gao Feng Liu Hua-jun Wang School ofEnergy and Environment Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China. Institute of Hydrogeology and Environment Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China. Technology Innovation Center of Geothermal&Hot Dry Exploration and Development Ministry of Natural ResourcesShijiazhuang 050061China. China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Beijing 100000China.

The study aims to identify a suitable site for open and bore well in a farmhouseusing ground magnetic survey in south India.It also aims to define depth to granitoid and structural elements which traverse the selected area.Magnetic data(n=84)measured,processed and interpreted as qualitative and quantitatively.The results of total magnetic intensities indicate that the area is composed of linear magnetic lows trending NE-SW direction and circular to semi-circular causative bodies.The magnetic values ranged from-137 nT to 2345 nT with a mean of 465 nT.Reduction to equator shows significant shifting of causative bodies in the southern and northern directions.Analytical signal map shows exact boundary of granitic bodies.Cosine directional filter has brought out structural element trending NE-SW direction.Results of individual profile brought to light structurally weak zone between 90 m and 100 m in all the profile lines.Sudden decrease of magnetic values from 2042 nT to 126 nT noticed in profile line 6 between 20 m and 30 m indicates fault occurrence.Magnetic breaks obtained from these maps were visualized,interpreted and identified two suitable sites for open and bore well.Radially averaged power spectrum estimates depth of shallow and deep sources in 5 m and 50 m,respectively.Euler method has also been applied to estimate depth of granitoid and structural elements using structural indexes 0,1,2,and 3 and found depth ranges from90 m.Study indicates magnetic method is one of the geophysical methods suitable for groundwater exploration and site selection for open and borewells.

关键词： sandstone reservoirs Random pores Random generation-growth algorithm Oil-water displacement Displacement efficiency

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Microfracture characterization in sandstone reservoirs: a case study from the Upper Triassic of Syria's Euphrates Graben

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年

作者： Yousef Ibrahem Morozov，V.P Sudakov，V Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies， Kazan Federal University

The Euphrates Graben is located in Syria’s eastern part. The sandstones of the Upper Triassic Mulussa F Formation serve as the principal reservoir intervals in most of the graben fields. Core studies， petrographic examination of thin sections， scanning electron microscope (SEM)， imaging of backscatter scanning electron microscope (BSE)， X-Ray microprobe examinations and carbon-oxygen stable isotope analysis of microfractures-filling cements all contributed to the study’s findings. Intragranular or intracrystalline microfractures， grain boundary or grain-edge microfractures， and transgranular (crossing grain) microfractures are three of the most common types of microfracture found in the investigated sandstones. When microfractures are open and free of secondary mineralization， they improve sandstone storage and permeability; but， when cemented and filled with secondary mineralization， they diminish storage and permeability. Within the microfractures and the nearby sandstone matrix， common siderite and pyrite cements were identified. The larger anhedral/euhedral siderites are thought to form in the shallow burial diagenesis， while the poikilotopic siderites are thought to originate in the deep burial diagenesis. The poikilotopic pyrite is believed to be a diagenetic cement which is attributed to the reduction of iron oxides present in the sediments in presence of hydrocarbons. Microfractures reflect tectonic， overpressure， and diagenetic origins. Microfractures of tectonic origin are associated with the folding and thrust activities over the Euphrates Graben area， they were determined to be formed at the beginning of the Upper Triassic with siderite and pyrite cements equilibration temperature approximately 100 up to 105℃， they continued forming at the middle to the end of the Upper Triassic with cements equilibration temperature approximately 90 up to 100℃ in conjunction with the first phase of the Euphrates Graben rifting that happened at the end of the Upper Triassic and beginning of the Early Cretaceous. Micro

关键词： Microfractures sandstone reservoirs Upper Triassic Mulussa F Euphrates Graben Syria

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K-Ar Dating of Authigenic Illites and Its Applications to the Study of Hydrocarbon Charging Histories of Typical sandstone reservoirs in Tarim Basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2005年第2期2卷 12-24,81页

作者： ZhangYouyu HorstZwingmann AndrewTodd LiuKeyu LuoXiuquan ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExplorationandDevelopment（RIPED） Beijing100083China／／KeyLaboratoryforHydrocarbonReservoirsChinaNationalPetroleumCorporation（CNPC）Beijing100083China CSIROPetroleumResources POBox1130BentleyWA6102Australia ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExplorationandDevelopment（RIPED） Beijing100083China

The Tarim Basin in China comprises eight sets of sandstone reservoirs, five of which are investigated in detail in this study. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the hydrocarbon charging histories of reservoirs by applying K-Ar dating of authigenic illites. The ages of authigenic illites from the Lower Silurian bituminous sandstones in the Central Uplift area range from 383.5 to 235.2 Ma, suggesting that the Silurian oil accumulations were formed from the late Caledonian till the late Hercynian. The ages of authigenic illites from the Upper Devonian Donghe sandstone reservoirs range from 263.8 to 231.3 Ma, indicating that hydrocarbon accumulations within the Donghe sandstone were formed mainly in the late Hercynian. The authigenic illites ages from the Lower Jurassic Yangxia Group sandstones in the Yinan-2 gas reservoir (Yinan-2, Kuqa Depression) range from 28.1 to 23.9 Ma, suggesting that the initial hydrocarbon charging occurred in the Miocene. The ages of the authigenic illites from the Lower Cretaceous sandstones in the Akemomu gas field (Ake-1, Kashi Sag, Southwest Depression) range from 22.6 to 18.8 Ma, indicating a probable early oil accumulation or early migration of hydrocarbon within this area. The illites from the Paleogene sandstones in the Dina-2 gas reservoir (Dina-201, Kuqa Depression) have a detrital origin; they cannot be used to study the hydrocarbon charging histories. The ages of authigenic illites in the underlying Cretaceous sandstones in the same well (Dina-201) range from 25.5 to 15.5 Ma, indicating that hydrocarbon charging in this reservoir probably occurred within the Miocene. This study highlights the potential of applying K-Ar dating of authigenic illites to investigate the timing of hydrocarbon charging histories of the Tarim Basin reservoir sandstones.

关键词： K-Ar dating authigenic illite hydrocarbon charge sandstone reservoirs Tarim Basin

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Characteristics of Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic diagenesis in the Kuqa area of the Tarim Basin,China

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Petroleum Science 2009年第4期6卷 366-375页

作者： Jianfeng Shou Yang Shen Huiliang Zhang Ronghu Zhang PetroChina Hangzhou Res Inst Petr Geol Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang Peoples R China

Tectonic diagenesis is a common and important geological phenomenon. We can fully understand the diagenesis of compressional basins through studying tectonic diagenesis. In this paper, we presented the tectonic diagenetic characteristics in the Kuqa area of the Tarim Basin by integrated method of geological analysis and paleotectonic stress. The results showed that the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic diagenesis affected sandstone compaction evolution mainly through physical mechanisms. It showed characteristics of abrupt change and nonthermal indicator (it means that sandstone compaction can not be explained by thermal diagenetic compaction alone because actual sandstone compaction was larger than thermal compaction), which were different from the thermal and fluid diagenesis. Compared with thermal diagenesis, tectonic diagenesis had a typical tectonic compaction in very short time, and many phases of tectonic deformation showed multiple abrupt changes of compaction. There are obvious differences between tectonic and thermal diagenetic compaction, leading to sandstone compaction being larger than the thermal compaction under the same thermal evolution stage in the areas where tectonic deformation happened. The stronger the tectonic deformation, the more obvious the difference. Tectonic process changed the stress distribution through changing the tectonic deformation styles, resulting in different tectonic diagenesis effects. Therefore, tectonic diagenesis of Mesozoic-Cenozoic in the Kuqa area can be divided into four types including rigid rock restraint, fault ramp, low angle fault slippage, and napping.

关键词： sandstone reservoirs tectonic deformation tectonic diagenesis controlling factors Kuqa area

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