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Identification of sand and dust storm source areas in Iran

Journal of Arid Land 2015年第5期7卷 567-578页

作者： CAO Hui LIU Jian WANG Guizhou YANG Guang LUO Lei Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences International Ecosystem Management Partnership United Nations Environment Programme University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences

sand and dust storms （SDS） are common phenomena in arid and semi-arid areas. In recent years, SDS frequencies and intensities have increased significantly in Iran. A research on SDS sources is important for understanding the mechanisms of dust generation and assessing its socio-economic and environmental impacts. In this paper, we developed a new approach to identify SDS source areas in Iran using a combination of nine related datasets, namely drought events, temperature, precipitation, location of sandy soils, SDS frequency, hu- man-induced soil degradation （HISD）, human influence index （HII）, rain use efficiency （RUE） and net primary pro- ductivity （NPP） loss. To identify SDS source areas, we firstly normalized these datasets under uniform criteria in- cluding layer reprojection using Lambert conformal conic projection, data conversion from shapefile to raster, Min-Max Normalization with data range from 0 to 1, and data interpolation by Kriging and images resampling （resolution of 1 km）. After that, a score map for the possibility of SDS sources was generated through overlaying multiple datasets under average weight allocation criterion, in which each item obtained weight equally. In the score map, the higher the score, the more possible a specific area could be regarded as SDS source area. Exceptions mostly came from large cities, like Tehran and Isfahan. As a result, final SDS source areas were mapped out, and Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes and Sistan Basin were identified as main SDS source areas in Iran. The SDS source area in Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes still keeps expanding. In addition, Al-Howizeh/Al-Azim marshes are now suf- fering rapid land degradation due to natural and human-induced factors and might totally vanish in the near future. Sistan Basin also demonstrates the impacts of soil degradation and wind erosion. With appropriate intensity, dura- tion, wind speed and altitude of the dust storms, sand particles uplifting from this area might have developed

关键词： sand and dust storm weight allocation criterion Kriging interpolation score map AI-Howizeh/AI-Azim marshes Sistan Basin

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CUACE/dust:an Operational SDS Forecasting System for East Asia:

CUACE/Dust:an Operational SDS Forecasting System for East As...

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第三届中日韩气象学术会议

作者： C.H.Zhou~1 S.L.Gong~(2 1) X.Y.Zhang~1 Y.Q.Wang~1 T.Niu~1 H.L.Liu~1 T.L.Zhao~2 Y.Q.Yang~1 Q.Hou~1 ~1Centre for Atmosphere Watch & Services(CAWAS)Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration(CMA) Beijing 100081 China ~2Air Quality Research Division Science & Technology Branch Environment Canada 4905 Dufferin Street Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada

＜正＞CUACE/dust,an operational mesoscale sand and dust storm（SDS）forecasting system for East Asia,has been developed by online coupling dust aerosol emission scheme and dust aerosol microphysics onto a meteorological model with MPDATA advection scheme and k-diffusion scheme *** inputs contain meteorology from a CMA operational medium range model T213 and a detailed Northeast Asia soil erosion *** also includes a 3DVar data assimilation system that uses visibility and dust storm records from weather stations,PM10 data from dust observation network and dust intensity data IDDI retrieved from the Chinese Geostationary Satellite FY-2C and a TS scoring *** spring 2006, CUACE/dust successfully forecasted 29 of the 31 SDS episodes in East Asia.A detailed comparison of the modeling predictions for the March 8-12 episode with surface network observations and lidar measurements revealed a robust forecasting ability of the *** time series of the forecasted dust concentrations for a number of representative stations for the whole spring 2006 were also evaluated against surface PM 10 monitoring data,showing a very good agreement in terms of the SDS timing and magnitudes at and near the source regions where dust aerosols *** the entire domain forecasts in spring 2006（March 1-May 31）,a TS （thread score）system evaluated the performance of the system against all available observations and rendered an averaged TS value of 0.31 for 24 hr forecasts,0.23 for 48 hr and 72 hr forecasts.

关键词： sand and dust storm Forecasting CUACE/dust Asia

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