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saltwater intrusion in the Po River Delta(Italy)during drought conditions:Analyzing its spatio-temporal evolution and potential impact on agriculture

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第3期12卷 714-725页

作者： Jian Luo Eugenio Straffelini Matteo Bozzolan Zicheng Zheng Paolo Tarolli Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010021China Department of Land EnvironmentAgriculture and ForestryUniversity of PadovaLegnaro(PD)35020Italy Consorzio di Bonifica Delta del Po Taglio di Po45019Italy College of Resources Science Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China

saltwater intrusion along rivers is a complex process controlled by multiple factors and thus fluctuates with a highly nonlinear nature and time-varying *** is challenging to monitor saltwater *** objective of this study was to clarify the spatial-temporal variation of saltwater intrusion and its potential impact on agriculture in the Po River Delta(Italy).2006 was the most severe year of saltwater intrusion in the period we considered.2022 was even worse,but the data are still under *** this study,the Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT)and rescaled range(R/S)were used to identify the multi-time scales and change trends of the salinity and discharge in *** that,the time-dependent intrinsic correlation(TDIC)was used to depict intrinsic relationships between salinity and discharge at different time *** results showed that discharge and salinity exhibited behav-iours of positive long-range correlation during different *** temporal series of salinity and discharge was decomposed into six intrinsic mode functions(IMF)and residuals based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD).The sum of variance contribution rates of IMF1(4 days),IMF2(10 days),and IMF3(12.1 days)of salinity was more than 75%.All measured TDICs have highlighted strong correlations between salinity and ***,we used spatial interpolation tech-niques to map salinity data along *** allowed the investigation of dynamic changes in saltwater intrusion patterns during periods of severe *** show a significant negative correlation between salinity and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),indicating that the study area's agricultural greening was affected by saltwater intrusion.

关键词： saltwater intrusion Hilbert-Huang transform Time-dependent intrinsic correlation NDVI Po River Delta

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saltwater intrusion into groundwater systems in the Mekong Delta and links to global change

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第3期12卷 342-352页

作者： XIAO Han TANG Yin LI Haiming ZHANG Lu NGO-DUC Thanh Deliang CHEN TANG Qiuhong College of Marine and Environmental Sciences Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyTianjin300457China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China CSIRO Land and Water Canberra2601Australia Department of Space and Applications University of Science and Technology of HanoiVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoi10000Viet Nam Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg41296Sweden University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

In recent decades,changes in temperature,wind,and rainfall patterns of Southeast Asia induced by climate warming in the Tibetan Plateau result in many environmental changes that have serious impacts on the lower reach of the Mekong River basin,a region already battling severe water-related environmental problems such as pollution,saltwater intrusion,and intensified *** the densely populated Mekong Delta located at the mouth of the Mekong River basin in southern Vietnam,the hydrogeological systems have been transformed from an almost undisturbed to a human-impacted state and saltwater intrusion into surface water and groundwater systems has grown to be a detrimental issue recently,seriously threatening freshwater supply and degrading the *** this article,the impacts of human activities and climate change(e.g.,groundwater over-exploitation,relative sea-level rise,storm surge,changing precipitation and temperature regimes,uncontrolled drainage canals,operation of hydropower dams,and rapid development of aquaculture)on saltwater intrusion into groundwater systems in the Mekong Delta are briefly *** on current status of research findings regarding saltwater intrusion and the subsequent groundwater quality degradation under the impacts of human activities and climate change,major knowledge gaps and challenges are identified and discussed,including thickness and permeability of the silt and clay aquitard,present-day highly heterogeneous 3D distribution of saline groundwater zones,dynamic variation of saltwater/freshwater transition zone,and the most effective and economical control *** bridge these gaps,future work should:1)apply environmental isotope techniques in combination with borehole tests to gain detailed hydrogeological information regarding spatial variation of permeability and thickness of the silt and clay aquitard;2)intensify regular groundwater monitoring and collect as much groundwater samples from multiple hydro-stra

关键词： Human activity Climate change saltwater intrusion Groundwater system Mekong delta(southern Vietnam)

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Impacts of Different Dynamic Factors on the saltwater intrusion in the Northern Branch of the Yangtze Estuary

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China Ocean Engineering 2019年第6期33卷 673-684页

作者： WANG Jin-hua ZHANG De-bin ZHANG Wei-sheng ZHANG Jin-shan State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research InstituteNanjing 210029China College of Harbor Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

A 3-D baroclinic numerical model is established to study the temporal and spatial distribution of salinity in the Northern Branch(NB) of the Yangtze Estuary(YE) in response to river runoff, wind and currents. The idealized,process-oriented studies show that the lower river runoff in the dry season is the main driving factor for the spilling over from the NB to the Southern Branch(SB). The NB takes longer time to get in dynamic stable state compared with the SB, as the runoff transfers from the wet season to the dry season. The vertical stratification intensity of the NB has obvious periodic phenomena in the dry season, and the stratification strength is enhanced under the action of low runoff and north wind, which further weakens the vertical transport of water. Momentum balance analysis suggested that the landward net flux increases when considering the influence of the moderate north wind, and the landward flux will enhance if considering the boundary current during the spring tide. With the influence of the boundary current, increases the average salinity of the NB, as well as the intrusion degree from the NB to the *** indicates that the nearshore ocean current of the Yellow Sea is an important factor affecting the saltwater intrusion in the NB of the YE.

关键词： Yangtze Estuary saltwater intrusion ocean currents vertical stratification FVCOM

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Impacts of wind stress on saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第7期55卷 1178-1192页

作者： LI Lu ZHU JianRong WU Hui State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China

The observation at the Chongxi gauging station indicated the salinity of saltwater spilling over from the North Branch to the South Branch increased abnormally from November 10 to 12 in 2009 (during neap tide) and from February 11 to 12 in 2010 (during moderate tide).We found for the first time that the strong northerly wind was responsible for the above abnormal salinity *** studies indicated that the saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary is influenced mainly by the river discharge,the tide,and the wind stress,but the impacts of variations of wind speed and direction on it have not been *** this study the impacts of wind stress on the saltwater intrusion were numerically simulated and the associated mechanisms were *** model results were consistent with the observed data obtained at six gauging stations during February and March in 2007 and four gauging stations in March 2008,and the abnormal salinity risings were well ***,if the wind speed is reduced by half,the salinity there will be significantly *** by the monthly mean river discharge of 11000 m 3 /s and northerly wind of 5 m/s from January to February,the model simulated the temporal and spatial variation of saltwater *** wind-driven circulation,as well as the net water and salt fluxes from the North Branch into the South Branch,was calculated and analyzed in the cases of different wind speeds and *** results indicated that the intensity of the saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary is significantly influenced by the wind speeds and directions.

关键词： Yangtze Estuary saltwater intrusion wind-driven circulation salt flux numerical simulation

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Dynamics of saltwater intrusion in the Modaomen Waterway of the Pearl River Estuary

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第11期55卷 1901-1918页

作者： WANG Biao ZHU JianRong WU Hui YU FuJiang SONG XueJia State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China

Observations indicate an abnormal characteristic of saltwater intrusion in the upper Modaomen Waterway of the Pearl River Estuary,i.e.,the maximum salinity occurs during the neap tide or the coming moderate tide instead of during the spring *** explore the associated dynamic mechanisms,a high resolution three-dimensional numerical model was set up based on the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model(FVCOM),which covered the entire river network,the Pearl River Estuary,and the adjacent *** experiments illustrated that the upper Modaomen Waterway is significantly influenced by the saltwater intrusion from the Hongwan Waterway,a narrow and shallow channel connecting the Modaomen Waterway to the *** topography,spring-neap tidal variation,local wind stress,and their interaction drive an up-estuary residual current in the Hongwan Waterway,which is much stronger during the neap tide than during the spring *** a result,more saltwater in the Hongwan Waterway is spilled over into the Modaomen Waterway during the neap tide or the coming moderate *** is the inherent dynamic mechanism why the saltwater intrusion in the upper Modaomen Waterway reaches its maximum during the neap tide or the coming moderate ***,we also found that the winter prevailing wind can pronouncedly enhance the saltwater intrusion in the Modaomen Waterway.

关键词： Pearl River Estuary Modaomen Waterway saltwater intrusion abnormal characteristic dynamic mechanism

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Investigation of saltwater intrusion and salinity stratification in winter of 2007/2008 in the Zhujiang River Estuary in China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2012年第3期31卷 31-46页

作者： ZHOU Wei WANG Dongxiao LUO Lin Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of ScienceGuangzhou 510301China Graduate School Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

saltwater intrusion is a serious environmental problem in the Zhujiang River Estuary (ZRE),which threatens the water supply of fifteen million people. The hydrological observations as well as meteorological and tidal forcing in the winter of 2007/2008 were analyzed to examine the saltwater intrusion in the *** observational results suggest that the maximum vertical difference of salinity can reach 10 in the Humen Channel during neap tide,but is very small in the Hengmen Channel. The vertically averaged salinity from time series stations during spring tide is higher than that during neap tide.A three-dimensional finite difference model was developed based on the environmental fluid dynamic code (EFDC) to study the mechanism of saltwater intrusion and salinity stratification in the *** analyzing the salt transport and the temporal variation of saltwater intrusion,the authors found that the net salt transport due to the estuarine circulation during neap tide was more than that during spring *** caused salt to advance more into the estuary during neap ***,saltwater intrusion was stronger during spring tide than that during neap tide because the spring-neap variation in salt transport was small relative to the total length of the saltwater *** physical mechanism causing this saltwater intrusion was investigated by a series of sensitivity experiments,in order to examine saltwater intrusion in response to river discharge and *** freshwater source was a dominant influencing factor to the saltwater intrusion and controlled salinity structure,vertical stratification and length of the saltwater *** prevailing northeast monsoon during winter could increase the saltwater intrusion in the *** the southwest wind was uufavorable to saltwater intrusion during spring tide,it could increase stratification and saltwater intrusion during neap tide.

关键词： saltwater intrusion spring tide neap tide salt transport

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Impact of the eastern water diversion from the south to the north project on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary in China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2012年第3期31卷 47-58页

作者： XU Kun ZHU Jianrong GU Yuliang State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China State Engineering Research Center(South)of Urban Water Resources Development and Utilization Shanghai 200082China

The south to the north project (WDP) on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is studied by the improved three-dimensionai (3D) numerical *** net unit width flux in the Changjiang Estuary as well as the sectional salt flux is calculated in the North Branch (NB),the South Branch (SB),the North Channel (NC),the South Channel (SC),the North Passage (NP) and the South Passage (SP),*** net seaward water flux in the SB is reduced,and the net water flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is enhanced after the eastern *** the mean river discharge condition in the dry season,the net salt flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is increased by 2.09 t/s and 0.52 t/s during the spring and neap tides,respectively,due to the eastern *** saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is enhanced by the eastern *** with that during the spring tide,the net water diversion ratio during the neap tide in the NC is smaller,and thus the enhancement of the saltwater intrusion by the eastern WDP is smaller in the NC,and larger in the NP and the *** tidally averaged surface salinity at the water intakes of the Dongfengxisha Reservoir,the Chenhang Reservoir and the Qingcaosha Reservoir rises both during the spring and neap tides.

关键词： eastern water diversion from the south to the north project saltwater intrusion Changjiang Estuary numerical calculation the water resource

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Impact of seasonal tide variation on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River estuary

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第2期30卷 342-351页

作者：裘诚朱建荣顾玉亮 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University State Engineering Research Center(South)of Urban Water Resources Development and Utilization

An improved 3-D ECOM-si model was used to study the impact of seasonal tide variation on saltwater intrusion into the Changjiang River estuary, especially at the bifurcation of the North Branch （NB） and the South Branch （SB）. The study assumes that the fiver discharge and wind are constant. The model successfully reproduced the saltwater intrusion. During spring tide, there is water and salt spillover （WSO and SSO） from the NB into the SB, and tidally averaged （net） water and salt fluxes are 985 m3/s and 24.8 ton/s, respectively. During neap tide, the WSO disappears and its net water flux is 122 m3/s. Meanwhile, the SSO continues, with net salt flux of 1.01 ton/s, much smaller than during spring tide. Because the tidal range during spring tide is smaller in June than in March, overall saltwater intrusion is weaker in June than in March during that tidal period. However, the WSO and SSO still exist in June. Net water and salt fluxes in that month are 622 m3/s and 15.35 ton/s, respectively, decreasing by 363 m3/s and 9.45 ton/s over those in March. Because tidal range during neap tide is greater in June than in March, saltwater intrusion in June is stronger than in March during that tidal period. The WSO and SSO appear in June, with net water and salt fluxes of 280 m3/s and 8.55 ton/s, respectively, increasing by 402 m3/s and 7.54 ton/s over those in March. saltwater intrusion in the estuary is controlled by the fiver discharge, semi-diurnal flood-ebb tide, semi-monthly spring or neap tide, and seasonal tide variation.

关键词： tidal range seasonal variation saltwater intrusion numerical simulation

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Impact of estuarine reclamation projects on saltwater intrusion and freshwater resource

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第1期41卷 38-56页

作者： Hanghang LU Jianrong ZHU Qing CHEN Ming LI Shunqi PAN Shenliang CHEN CCCC National Engineering Research Center of Dredging Technology and Equipment Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200082China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Civil Engineering and Industrial Design School of EngineeringLiverpool UniversityLiverpool L693GHUK Hydro-environmental Research Centre School of EngineeringCardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAUK

Estuarine projects can change local topography and influence water transport and saltwater *** Changjiang(Yangtze)River estuary is a multichannel estuary,and four major reclamation projects have been implemented in the Changjiang River estuary in recent years:the Xincun Shoal reclamation project(RP-XCS),the Qingcao Shoal reclamation project(RP-QCS),the Eastern Hengsha Shoal reclamation project(RP-EHS),and the Nanhui Shoal reclamation project(RP-NHS).The effects of the four reclamation projects and each project on the saltwater intrusion and water resources in the Changjiang River estuary were simulated in a 3D numerical *** show that for a multichannel estuary,local reclamation projects change the local topography and water diversion ratio(WDR)between channels and influence water and salt transport and freshwater utilization in the *** spring tide,under the cumulative effect of the four reclamation projects,the salinity decreases by approximately 0.5in the upper reaches of the North Branch and increases by 0.5-1.0 in the middle and lower reaches of the North *** the North Channel,the salinity decreases by approximately *** the North Passage,the salinity increases by *** the South Passage,the salinity increases by approximately 0.5 in the upper reaches and decreases by 0.2-0.5 on the north side of the middle and lower *** neap tide,the cumulative effects of the four reclamation projects and the individual projects are similar to those during spring tide,but there are some *** effects of an individual reclamation project on WDR and saltwater intrusion during spring and neap tides are simulated and analyzed in *** cumulative effect of the four reclamation projects favors freshwater usage in the Changjiang River estuary.

关键词： reclamation projects saltwater intrusion freshwater resources numerical model Changjiang River estuary

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A Modeling Study on saltwater intrusion to Western Four Watercourses in the Pearl River Estuary

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China Ocean Engineering 2012年第4期26卷 575-590页

作者：程香菊詹威郭振仁袁丽蓉 National Key Laboratory of Subtropical Architecture Science South China University of Technology School of Engineering Sun Yat-sen University South China Institute of Environmental Sciences MEP

saltwater intrusion has been serious in the Pearl River estuary in recent years. For better understanding and analysis of the saltwater movement to the estuary, the three-dimensional Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model （FVCOM） is made to simulate the salinity intrusion to the four western watercourses in the Pearl River estuary under three semilunar conditions. With the measured and simulated Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） and the mean absolute percentage error of water level and salinity at multiple sites, the results show that the numerical water levels, salinity and flow velocities are in agreement with the measured data. It is acceptable and feasible to apply the FVCOM to simulate the salt water intrusion in the western four watercourses of the Pearl River. With the numerical data, the time and spatial movement patterns of saltwater intrusion along the Modao watercourse are analyzed. The salinity contour reaches its peak generally during 3~5 days before the spring tide. The salinity stratification is more obvious in the period of ebb tide than that in the rising tide whether in the spring or neap tides. Salt fluxes reflect changes of salt into the estuary, and the change rules are close to the rules of salinity intrusion.

关键词： FVCOM saltwater intrusion estuary simulation rules

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