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Interannual variations in salt flux at 80°E section of the equatorial Indian Ocean

中国科学:地球科学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 2142-2161页

作者： Cuncun XIE Ruibin DING Jiliang XUAN Daji HUANG State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources Environment and Sustainable DevelopmentFourth Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeihai 536015China Institute of Polar and Ocean Technology Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

The interannual variations in salt flux on the 80°E section in the equatorial Indian Ocean were explored based on the ORAS5 data,which was quite consistent with the observational data among the four available reanalysis datasets.The results indicated that the area with significant interannual variations in salt flux coincided with that of significant climatological mean salt flux in general and was mainly located in the upper 150 m layer.Specifically,three important areas were identified in the north-south direction,i.e.,(1)the Equatorial Indian Ocean Area(EIOA,3°S–3°N),where the mean salt flux was eastward with the largest value on the section and associated with the most significant interannual variations mainly modulated by the Wyrtki Jets and the Equatorial Undercurrent;(2)the South Equatorial Indian Ocean Area(SEIOA,3°S–6°S),where the mean salt flux changed in the vertical direction from strong eastward flux in the upper layer to weak westward flux in the subsurface layer and associated with significant interannual variations in the upper 100 m layer,which was affected by the South Equatorial Countercurrent;and(3)the North Equatorial Indian Ocean Area(NEIOA,3°N–6°N),where the mean salt flux changed in the north-south direction from strong westward flux to the north of 5°N to weak eastward flux in the south and associated with relatively significant interannual variations,which was mainly influenced by the South Sri Lanka Coastal Current.Two leading interannual variation modes were revealed by the empirical orthogonal function decomposition.The first mode accounted for 39%of the total variance and had four significant spatial antinodes;two of those in-phase antinodes were located at SEIOA and upper 75 m of EIOA,and the other two opposite in-phase antinodes were located at NEIOA and below 75 m of EIOA.The second mode accounted for 17%of the total variance having four antinodes with two dominant out-of-phase antinodes located at the subsurface of EIOA and SEIOA.The temporal components of the two leading modes s

关键词： salt flux Interannual variation 80°E section Equatorial Indian Ocean Current

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Variability in salt flux and water circulation in Ota River Estuary, Japan

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Water Science and Engineering 2013年第3期6卷 283-295页

作者： Mohammad SOLTANIASL Kiyosi KAWANISI Junki YANO Kazuhiko ISHIKAWA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Hiroshima University

In this study the sub-tidal and intra-tidal variations of salt fluxes in the upstream section of a shallow estuary （with a water depth of less than 3 m） were investigated. The salt fluxes were estimated based on the cross-sectional average salinity and velocity measured by the fluvial acoustic tomography system （FATS）. The results indicate that the magnitude of seaward fluxes is approximately two times greater than that of landward fluxes under normal conditions. The results of short-term observation in the study area indicate that there is a phase lag of the bottom and surface salinities between the regions with the largest and smallest depths. The vertical shear flux with a peak value of-0.7 m2/s during the ebb tide indicated an important contribution to the total salt flux compared with the advective flux. A phase lag occurred between the vertical shear terms in the regions with the largest and smallest depths, which resulted from the correlation between the vertical variations of the salinity and velocity and the existence of transversal velocity circulations.

关键词： salt flux circulation fluvial acoustic tomography system （FATS） Ota River Estuary

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A Case Study of Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions during the Passage of an Extra-Tropical Cyclone in the Vicinity of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第9期14卷 855-876页

作者： Neil Jacobs James Churchill Leonard Pietrafesa Shaowu Bao Paul Gayes University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Boulder USA Department of Physical Oceanographym Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole USA School of Coastal & Marine Systems Science Burroughs & Chapin Center for Marine & Wetland Studies Coastal Carolina University Conway USA Department of Marine Earth Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh USA

The authors document the interaction of the atmosphere and ocean during the formation and passage of an Extra-Tropical Cyclone, which is a Nor-Easter, winter storm that formed in the southern apex of the Middle Atlantic Bight near Cape Hatteras North Carolina, between February 15 and 18, 1996. While Nor-Easters per se, which have formed along the Atlantic Eastern Seaboard of the United States have been studied for decades, the actual atmospheric-oceanic mechanics and thermodynamics in the formation of a Nor-Easter has never been documented. We report on having done so with in-situ observations and data-based calculations and a numerical model. The in-situ observations were made via a Control Volume consisting of an array of Eulerian Oceanic-Atmospheric Moorings with current meters, temperature and salinity sensors and meteorological towers. We find that Gulf Stream waters were located surrounding the mooring array, and that with the invasion of cold dry atmospheric air, there was a rapid loss of heat from the ocean to the atmosphere via latent and sensible surface heat flux during the cyclogenesis onset of the storm. A unique feature of this storm was that neither satellite nor buoy data showed significant sea surface cooling in the control volume. The findings indicate that storm winds drove warm saline waters from the Gulf Stream across the continental shelf into the control volume, accounting for a 51 cm rise in water level along the coast. This lateral heat advection provided heat to the control volume of 3.4e+18 Joules. On average, the heat loss at the surface of the control volume, via sensible and latent heat fluxes and radiation, was 0.7e+18 Joules, corresponding to a surface heat flux of -600 Watts per Meter2 (W/m2). However, the heat lost by the control volume as latent and sensible heat fluxes was less than the heat it received via lateral heat advection, resulting in the lack of an often-observed sea surface cooling during other winter storms. The serendipitous and detailed observations and

关键词： Mid-Latitude Cyclone Extra-Tropical Cyclone Cyclogenesis Nor’easter Winter Storms Latent and Sensible Heat fluxes salt flux

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