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The Geochemistry of Heavy Metals in the Mudflat of salinas de San Pedro Lagoon, California, USA

Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第1期4卷 12-25页

作者： Mohammad Hassan Rezaie-Boroon Vanessa Toress Sonya Diaz Teresa Lazzaretto Mathew Tsang Dimitri D. Deheyn California State University Geosciences and Environment Department Los Angeles USA University of California Scripps Institute of Oceanography La Jolla USA

Sediment core samples were collected from the salinas de San Pedro to assess the pollutant deposition processes in response to extensive human activities. Analysis of the sediment samples for heavy metals and some trace elements was conducted with ICP-OES for 20 sites showing enrichment for some of trace and heavy metals. The results demonstrated that heavy metal concentrations in mud varied greatly for each metal, with concentration values (mg/g) ranging from 1.05 - 4.8 (Al);0.003 - 0.011(As);0.001 - 0.005 (Cd);0.02 to 0.82 (Cr);0.085 - 0.47 (Cu);5.98 - 14.22 (Fe);0.06 - 0.19 (Mn);0.03 - 0.67 (Ni);0.05 - 0.38 (Pb);- 0.069 (Se);0.18 - 0.63 (Ti);0.040 - 0.091 (V) and 0.149 - 0.336 (Zn). The Index of Geo-accumulation factor showed highest values for Pb, Mn, As, and Cu. Enrichment factors >1for these elements suggest anthropogenic inputs for most metals. The bioavailability of metals in lagoon sediments has the potential to be highly dynamic with local waste and natural H2S discharge from existing fault line.

关键词： salinas De San Pedro Bioavailability Heavy Metal Geo-Accumulation Index Enrichment Factor Lagoon Water Pollution

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Coupling between the Changes in CO<sub>2</sub>Concentration and Sediment Biogeochemistry in Mudflat of salinas de San Pedro, California, USA

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第10期4卷 1173-1180页

作者： Mohammad Hassan Rezaie-Boroon Sonya Diaz Vanessa Torres Tresa Lazzaretto Dimitri D. Deheyn Geosciences and Environment Department California State University Los Angeles USA University of California San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla USA

We investigated the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on biogeochemistry of marsh sediment including speciation of selected heavy metals in salinas de San Pedro mudflat in California. The salinas de San Pedro mudflat has higher carbon (C) content than the vast majority of fully-vegetated salt marshes even with the higher tidal action in the mudflat. Sources for CO2 were identified as atmospheric CO2 as well as due to local fault degassing process. We measured carbon dioxide, methane, total organic carbon, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and heavy metal concentration in various salt marsh locations. Overall, our results showed that CO2 concentration ranging from 418.7 to 436.9 (ppm), which are slightly different in various chambers but are in good agreement with some heavy metal concentrations values in mudflat at or around the same location. The selected metal concentration values (ppm) ranging from 0.003 - 0.011 (As);0.001 - 0.005 (Cd);0.04 - 0.02 (Cr);0.13 - 0.38 (Cu);0.11 - 0.38 (Pb);0.0009 - 0.020 (Se);and 0.188 - 0.321 (Zn). The low dissolved oxygen (ppm) in the pore water sediment indicated suboxic environment. Additionally, CO2 (ppm) and loss on ignition (LOI) (%) correlated inversely;the higher CO2 content, the lower was the LOI (%);that is to say the excess CO2 causes higher rates of decomposition and therefore it leads to lower LOI (%) on the mudflat surface. It appears that the elevated CO2 makes changes in salt marsh pore water chemistry for instance the free ionic metal (Cu2+, Pb2+, etc.) speciation is one of the most reactive form because simply assimilated by the non-decayed or alive organisms in sediment of salt marsh and/or in water. This means that CO2 not only is a sign of improvement in plant productivity, but also activates microbial decomposition through increases in dissolved organic carbon availability. CO2 also increases acidification processes such as anaerobic degradation of microorganism and oxidation of reduced components. The heavy m

关键词： Biogeochemical Factors Elevated CO2 Degassing Gas Discharge Fault Sulfate Reduction salinas de San Pedro Climate Change

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