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Anatomical and electrophysiological plasticity of locomotor networks following spinal transection in the salamander

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第4期29卷 467-476页

作者： Jean-Marie Cabelguen Stéphanie Chevallier Ianina Amontieva-Potapova Céline Philippe Neurocentre Magendie INSERM U 862 - Bordeaux University

Recovery of locomotor behavior following spinal cord injury can occur spontaneously in some vertebrates, such as fish, urodele amphibians, and certain reptiles. This review provides an overview of the current status of our knowledge on the anatomical and electrophysiological changes occurring within the spinal cord that lead to, or are associated with the [e-expression of locomotion in spinally-transected salamanders. A better understanding of these processes will help to devise strategies for restoring locomotor function in mammals, including humans.

关键词： salamander spinal cord locomotor recovery regeneration

Purification and characterization of cholecystokinin from the skin of salamander Tylototriton verrucosus

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Zoological Research 2015年第3期36卷 174-177页

作者： Wen-Bin JIANG Ma HAKIM Lei LUO Bo-Wen LI Shi-Long YANG Yu-Zhu SONG Ren LAI Qiu-Min LU Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming Yunnan 650500 China Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province KunmingInstitute of Zoology Kunming Yunnan 650223 China

As a group of intestinal hormones and neurotransmitters, cholecystokinins（CCKs） regulate and affect pancreatic enzyme secretion, gastrointestinal motility, pain hypersensitivity, digestion and satiety, and generally contain a DYMGWMDFG sequence at the C-terminus. Many CCKs have been reported in mammals. However, only a few have been reported in amphibians, such as Hyla nigrovittata, Xenopus laevis, and Rana catesbeiana, with none reported in urodele amphibians like newts and salamanders. Here, a CCK called CCK-TV was identified and characterized from the skin of the salamander Tylototriton verrucosus. This CCK contained an amino acid sequence of DYMGWMDF-NH2 as seen in other CCKs. A c DNA encoding the CCK precursor containing 129 amino acid residues was cloned from the c DNA library of T. verrucosus skin. The CCK-TV had the potential to induce the contraction of smooth muscle strips isolated from porcine gallbladder, eliciting contraction at a concentration of 5.0x10-11 mol/L and inducing maximal contraction at a concentration of 2.0x10-6 mol/L. The EC50 was 13.6 nmol/L. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to identify the presence of a CCK in an urodele amphibian.

关键词： Cholecystokinin salamander Skin Amphibian

Vegetation cover and occurrence of salamanders in the western Mediterranean

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第3期17卷 456-467页

作者： Daniel ESCORIZA Axel HERNANDEZ GRECO Institute of Aquatic EcologyUniversity of GironaGironaSpain Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Sciences and TechnicsUniversity Pasquale Paoli of CorsicaCorteFrance

The Mediterranean region possesses a rich diversity of salamanders,which also exhibit a high degree of ecological diversification.It is assumed that the presence of salamanders is dependent on the level of vegetation cover in terrestrial habitats,but the strength of this association is likely to vary among species.In this study,we investigated the patterns of habitat utilization for Mediterranean salamanders based on 589 records of 33 species.We tested the hypothesis that the association between salamander presence and vegetation density varies among genera or reproductive modes(i.***.terrestrial vs aquatic).The results show that vegetation cover has similar influences on terrestrial and aquatic groups but important differences are identified for lotic and lentic aquatic species.Our findings also indicate that the aquatic lotic,terrestrial,and small-body species deviate significantly from that expected from the background range of variation.

关键词： amphibian conservation habitat remote sensing salamander

Transcriptomic analysis of spinal cord regeneration after injury in Cynops orientalis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2743-2750页

作者： Di Wang Man Zhao Xiao Tang Man Gao Wenjing Liu Minghui Xiang Jian Ruan Jie Chen Bin Long Jun Li College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal UniversityWuhuAnhui ProvinceChina College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine The Second People’s HospitalWuhuWuhuAnhui ProvinceChina

Cynops orientalis(C.orientalis)has a pronounced ability to regenerate its spinal cord after injury.Thus,exploring the molecular mechanism of this process could provide new approaches for promoting mammalian spinal cord regeneration.In this study,we established a model of spinal cord thoracic transection injury in C.orientalis,which is an endemic species in China.We performed RNA sequencing of the contused axolotl spinal cord at two early time points after spinal cord injury–during the very acute stage(4 days)and the subacute stage(7 days)–and identified differentially expressed genes;additionally,we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses,at each time point.Transcriptome sequencing showed that 13,059 genes were differentially expressed during C.orientalis spinal cord regeneration compared with uninjured animals,among which 4273 were continuously downregulated and 1564 were continuously up-regulated.Down-regulated genes were most enriched in the Gene Ontology term“multicellular organismal process”and in the ribosome pathway at 10 days following spinal cord injury.We found that multiple genes associated with energy metabolism were down-regulated and multiple genes associated with the lysosome were up-regulated after spinal cord injury,indicating the importance of low metabolic activity during wound healing.Immune response-associated pathways were activated during the early acute phase(4 days),while the expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as glycosaminoglycan and collagen,as well as tight junction proteins,was lower at 10 days post-spinal cord injury than 4 days post-spinal cord injury.However,compared with 4 days post-injury,at 10 days post-injury neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions were no longer down-regulated,up-regulated differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways associated with cancer and the cell cycle,and SHH,VIM,and Sox2 were prominently up-regulated.Immunofluorescence staining showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein was up-reg

关键词： Cynops orientalis extracellular matrix glial fibrillary acidic protein metabolism neuron RNA sequence salamander spinal cord injury spinal cord regeneration Transcriptomics

Altered metabolic state impedes limb regeneration in salamanders

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Zoological Research 2021年第6期42卷 772-782页

作者： Zhe-Lun Peng Bin-Xu Yin Rui-Min Ren Yin-Long Liao Hao Cai Heng Wang College of Animal Sciences and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health Huazhong Agricultural UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518120China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518120China

salamanders are unique among tetrapods in their ability to regenerate the limbs throughout life.Like other poikilothermic amphibians,salamanders also show a remarkable capacity to survive long periods of starvation.Whether the physiological reserves necessary for tissue regeneration are preserved or sacrificed in starved salamanders is unknown.In the current study,we maintained Iberian ribbed newts(Pleurodeles waltl)under extreme physiological stress to assess the extent of regeneration and identify the molecular and cellular changes that may occur under such conditions.After 19 months of complete food deprivation,the animals exhibited extensive morphological and physiological adaptations but remained behaviorally active and vigilant.Autophagy was elevated in different tissues and the transformed gut microbiota indicated remodeling of the intestinal tract related to autophagy.Upon limb amputation in animals starved for 21 months,regeneration proceeded with progenitor cell proliferation and migration,leading to limb blastema formation.However,limb outgrowth and patterning were substantially attenuated.Blockage of autophagy inhibited cell proliferation and blastema formation in starved animals,but not in fed animals.Hence,tissue autophagy and the regenerative response were tightly coupled only when animals were under stress.Our results demonstrate that under adverse conditions,salamanders can exploit alternative strategies to secure blastema formation for limb regeneration.

关键词： Starvation Stress Autophagy Regeneration salamander

Using hierarchical spatial models to assess the occurrence of an island endemism: the case of Salamandra corsica

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 199-209页

作者： Daniel Escoriza Axel Hernandez GRECO Institute of Aquatic EcologyUniversity of Girona17071 GironaSpain Department of Environmental Sciences University Pasquale Paoli20250 CorteFrance.

Background:Island species are vulnerable to rapid extinction,so it is important to develop accurate methods to determine their occurrence and habitat preferences.In this study,we assessed two methods for modeling the occurrence of the Corsican endemic Salamandra corsica,based on macro-ecological and fine habitat descriptors.We expected that models based on habitat descriptors would better estimate S.corsica occurrence,because its distribution could be influenced by micro-environmental gradients.The occurrence of S.corsica was modeled according to two ensembles of variables using random forests.Results:Salamandra corsica was mainly found in forested habitats,with a complex vertical structure.These habitats are associated with more stable environmental conditions.The model based on fine habitat descriptors was better able to predict occurrence,and gave no false negatives.The model based on macro-ecological variables underestimated the occurrence of the species on its ecological boundary,which is important as such locations may facilitate interpopulation connectivity.Conclusions:Implementing fine spatial resolution models requires greater investment of resources,but this is advisable for study of microendemic species,where it is important to reduce type II error(false negatives).

关键词： Amphibian Corsica Mediterranean islands Microhabitat salamander

Discovery of an Internasal Bone in Hynobius maoershanensis(Urodela:Hynobiidae)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2011年第2期2卷 87-90页

作者： Jianli XIONG Xiuying LIU Xiaomao ZENG Animal Science and Technology College Henan University of Science and Technology School of Agriculture Henan University of Science and Technology Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Internasal bones have generally been recorded in teleostean and tetrapod fossils, being absent in most extant vertebrates. Presently, there has been one case of the internasal bone discovered in a living salamander, Pseudohynobius puxiongensis （Caudata： Hynobiidae）. The second case discovered in living salamanders is reported in this article, which is present in one of five specimens ofHynobius maoershanensis, a species endemic to China. This case is again regarded as individual variation. Thus, the presence of an ＂internasal bone＂ may represent intraspecific variation and is thus a misleading taxonomic character.

关键词： salamander intemasal bone skull anatomy individual variation

Matrilineal Genealogy of Hynobius (Caudata:Hynobiidae) and a Temporal Perspective on Varying Levels of Diversity among Lineages of salamanders on the Japanese Islands

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Asian Herpetological Research 2012年第4期3卷 288-302页

作者： Yuchi ZHENG Rui PENG Robert W.MURPHY Masaki KURO-O Lujun HU Xiaomao ZENG Department of Herpetology Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife College of Life SciencesSichuan University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum Department of Biology Hirosaki University

Previous work found that different Japanese lineages of salamanders had quite different levels of species and genetic diversity. Lineages vary from having one to several species and the extent of genetic variation among lineages differs substantially. Most speciose,genus Hynobius contains 18 species and several potential cryptic species. We explore genetic diversity in this genus by combining comprehensive sampling and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Based on this and previous analyses of salamanders,relative times of divergence are employed to evaluate the relationship between age and diversity among the four major lineages whose distributions broadly overlap on the islands. For Hynobius,our analyses are congruent with the previously reported high level of cryptic diversity in morphology and allozymes,particularly in species composed of non-sister matrilines. Both species and genetic diversity correlate with the relative ages of the lineages. This correlation indicates that the variation in levels of diversity can be explained,to a considerable extent,by the hypothesis that older insular lineages have accumulated greater diversity. In addition to the Korean Peninsula,H. leechii might have survived in another Pleistocene glacial refugium north of the peninsula and this refugium provided a source of colonization after the last glacial maximum.

关键词： tempo of diversification salamander Japanese Archipelago Hynobius cryptic species northern glacial refugium

Morphological and histological studies on the telencephalon of the salamander Onychodactylus fischeri at different stages after embryo

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Morphological and histological studies on the telencephalon ...