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ECO-ETHOLOGY OF POPULATION REGULATION AMONG GERBILS IN THE saharan ENVIRONMENT Study of the dynamics of populations,of their demographic impetus their food strategies and their reproduction strategies among four species of gerbil in Morocco.(Meriones sha

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干旱区资源与环境 1993年第Z1期7卷 398-399页

作者： Zaime-A Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry RabatMorocco

The following study of populations of gerbil in arid and saharan terrain enables us toexamine the relationships between the essential determinants in the cycles of abundance. Social unity, methods of spatial distribution, dispersal, strategies for food and repro-duction, and also disappearance, are linked to climatic factors and defined according to therecognised hierarchy of stages of perceptions in Ecology individual, group, population,

关键词： Gerbil Arid and saharan Environments Population Dynamics Utilisation of Resources

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Abortion, ectopic pregnancy and miscarriages in Sub saharan Africa: Challenges of Rhesus isoimmunisation in Rhesus negative women

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013年第9期3卷 15-26页

作者： O. Erhabor Z. Isaac A. Yakubu T. C. Adias College of Health Technology Bayelsa State Nigeria Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria

The implementation of a program on routine antenatal anti-D prophylaxis (RAADP) in the developed world has led to a significant decline in the residual numbers of Rhesus negative women becoming sensitized. However, a significant number of Rhesus D negative women in SSA are not fortunate because of lack of access to prophylactic immunoglobulin D and thus they continue to be affected. The management of Rhesus negative pregnancy in Sub-saharan Africa is associated with several daunting challenges: absence of a policy on universal access to Rh D immunoglobulin, lack of fetomaternal testing facilities, unaffordability of prophylactic anti-D immunoglobulin, poor uptake of quality antenatal care, poor health infrastructure, sub optimal management of potentially sensitizing events during pregnancy, shortage of qualified medical personnel, poor data management, high incidence of illegal abortion and quackery. There is a need for the formulation of necessary guidelines on Rhesus immunoprophylaxis in SSA. Health authorities need to implement evidence-based policy on universal access to anti-D immunoglobulin. There is also the need to optimize the knowledge of obstetricians on anti-D prophylaxis, implementation of the readily available and affordable Kleihauer fetomaternal haemorrhage testing for all women who experience a potentially sensitizing event antenatally post 20 weeks gestation and postnatally. These factors can facilitate the effective management of Rh negative pregnancy in the region and reduce the risk of Rhesus D immunization and Rhesus D haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn.

关键词： Abortion Ectopic Pregnancy Miscarriages Sub saharan Africa: Rhesus Isoimmunisation

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<i>Taenia solium</i>Cysticercosis in Sub-saharan Africa: Perspectives for a Better Control

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2019年第2期9卷 105-121页

作者： Beda John Mwang’onde Department of Biosciences Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

For decades, Taenia solium cysticercosis (TSC) has remained an important constraint for public health and economic well being of the predisposed communities. Despite the fact that the disease is easily preventable, humans remain foci for transmission. They harbour the mature form of the parasite (Taenia solium) which may be curable at this stage and also easily prevented from contaminating pig feeds and environment with eggs of the parasite to break the cycle. Researchers, knowledgeable communities and international organisations such as the World Health Organisation work hard to make the disease a history. Nevertheless, persistence of the disease in endemic regions such as sub saharan Africa is kept on increasing. While TSC in human may serve as a silent killer as it can go unnoticed for years, the immanent social cultural settings and lifestyles of the communities in endemic areas form the main concern on the epidemiology of the disease. Unless lifestyles change in endemic regions, front line research might rarely find its way into applications in an area of huge societal and economic impact, the TSC epidemiology. Sincerely, transmission of TSC is favoured by poor sanitation and hygiene which is motivated by lifestyle and poverty. What is perhaps missing is the knowledge on “why is the communities involved ease indiscriminately while almost every member of the community in endemic areas knows that indiscriminate defecation may harm their health? What social drivers are behind this motive (bush defecation)? How best can the disease be controlled and monitored? This review recommends for developing and implementing an interdisciplinary OneHealth community-based control mechanism and monitoring (surveillance) programme as standpoints towards eliminating TSC in sub-saharan Africa and the rest endemic regions.

关键词： Taenia solium Cysticercosis Epidemiology Sub saharan Africa

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Health and sanitary status in 1970 of Tubu nomads dwelling in Northeastern Niger

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2014年第3期29卷 150-161页

作者： Jean-Franois Magnaval Christian Oosterbosch Michel Mandl MABN group Department of Medical Parasitology Faculty of Medicine-Purpan Toulouse France CNRS UMR 5288 Paul-Sabatier University Toulouse France Les Nouveaux Généralistes Liège Belgium Lieutenant-General (retired) Belgian Air Force Leefdaal Belgium Mission Anthropologique Belge au Niger

Background: The Tubu are nomadic people who live in remote parts of the central Sahara, primarily in the Tibesti massif(Chad), and in both Northeastern Niger and Southern Libya. All of these areas are close to become conflict zones. However, no data about the Tubu's health and sanitary status are currently available, which would be of major concern if humanitarian interventions would become ***: In 1970, the "Mission Anthropologique Belge au Niger"(MABN) investigated a Tubu tribe named Broaya that lived at Seguedine and Djado on the northeastern rim of the Tenere desert. One hundred fifty-one adult volunteers answered an oral questionnaire and underwent a medical examination, followed by the collection of blood thin films and samples of urine and stool. The environmental fauna of medical importance was also ***: Albeit 43 year-old, these results have not been previously published. The estimated age of death for fathers was approximately 56 years, and that for mothers was 60 years. On average, each married woman had had 4.7 children. The overall perinatal mortality rate was 232 ‰, the overall infant mortality rate was 153 ‰, and the overall child mortality rate was 99 ‰. The mean height was 164.1 cm and 157.4 cm, the mean weight was 50.1 kg and 47.9kg, and the mean blood pressure was 131/78 mm Hg and 127/75 mm Hg for males and females, respectively. The physical examination found 6 cases of blindness(4.0%). Five subjects presented with an elevated blood pressure(3.3%), and 5(3.3%) displayed an abnormal thoracic auscultation evocative of tuberculosis or of an acute lung infection. The abdominal examination and renal palpation found 5 large masses(3.3%), and 2 subjects had a palpable enlarged spleen(1.3%). The blood thin films were fixed in methanol and subsequently examined in Toulouse. The search for blood parasites was negative. The urine samples were centrifuged and then microscopically examined in the field. No blood-fluke eggs were found.

关键词： saharan nomadic tribes Tubu people Health status S

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