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Relativistic transformation of thermodynamic parameters and refined saha equation

Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第3期75卷 135-146页

作者： Xin Hao Shaofan Liu Liu Zhao College of Physics Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

The relativistic transformation rule for temperature is a debated topic for more than 110 *** incompatible proposals exist in the literature but a final resolution is still *** this work,we reconsider the problem of relativistic transformation rules for a number of thermodynamic parameters including temperature,chemical potential,pressure,entropy and enthalpy densities for a relativistic perfect fluid using relativistic kinetic *** analysis is carried out in a fully relativistic covariant manner,and the explicit transformation rules for the above quantities are obtained in both Minkowski and Rindler *** results suggest that the temperature of a moving fluid appears to be colder,supporting the proposal by de Broglie,Einstein,and Planck,in contrast to other ***,in the case of a Rindler fluid,our findings suggest that the total number of particles and the total entropy of a perfect fluid in a box whose bottom is parallel to the Rindler horizon are proportional to the area of the bottom,but are independent of the height of the box,provided the bottom of the box is sufficiently close to the Rindler *** area dependence of the particle number implies that the particles tend to be gathered toward the bottom of the box,and hence implicitly determines the distribution of the chemical potential of the system,whereas the area dependence of the entropy indicates that the entropy is still additive and may have potential applications in explaining the area law of black hole *** a by-product,we also obtain a relativistically refined version of the famous saha equation which holds in both Minkowski and Rindler spacetimes.

关键词： relativistic kinetic theory relativistic thermodynamics saha equation

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Atomic Emission Spectra Diagnosis and Electron Density Measurement of Semiconductor Bridge (SCB) Plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2010年第1期12卷 49-52页

作者：冯红艳朱顺官张琳万晓霞李燕沈瑞琪 School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Emission spectra of a semiconductor bridge （SCB） plasma in a visible range was studied in air. The electron density was measured in a conventional way from the broadening of the Al Ⅰ 394.4 nm Stark width. Based on the saha equation, a system for recording the intensity of Si Ⅰ 390.5 nm and Si Ⅱ 413.1 nm was designed. With this technique, the SCB plasma electron density was measured well and accurately. Moreover, the electron density distribution Vs time was acquired from one SCB discharge. The individual result from the broadening of the Al Ⅰ 394.4 nm Stark width and saha equation was all in the range of 1015 cm^-3 to 1016 cm^-3. Finally the presumption of the local thermodynamic equilibrium （LTE） condition was validated.

关键词： SCB plasma electron density Stark broadening saha equation

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Calculation of plasma characteristics of the sun

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Chinese Physics B 2006年第11期15卷 2578-2582页

作者：穆汗默德阿巴斯巴瑞钟佳勇陈民赵静张杰 Laboratory of Optical Physics Institute of Physics Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China

The ionization level and free electron density of most abundant elements （C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, S, and Fe） in the sun are calculated from the centre of the sun to the surface of the photosphere. The model and computations are made under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium （LTE）. The saha equation has been used to calculate the ionization level of elements and the electron density. Temperature values for calculations along the solar radius are taken from references.

关键词： saha equation ionization balance plasma characteristics

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