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Implications of safety requirements for the treatment of THMC processes in geological disposal systems for radioactive waste

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第3期9卷 46-52页

作者： Frédéric Bernier Frank Lemy Pierre De Cannière Valéry Detilleux Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC) Brussels 1000 Belgium Bel V Brussels 1070 Belgium

The mission of nuclear safety authorities in national radioactive waste disposal programmes is to ensure that people and the environment are protected against the hazards of ionising radiations emitted by the *** implies the establishment of safety requirements and the oversight of the activities of the waste management organisation in charge of implementing the *** Belgium,the safety requirements for geological disposal rest on the following principles:defence-in-depth,demonstrability and the radiation protection principles elaborated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP).Applying these principles requires notably an appropriate identification and characterisation of the processes upon which the safety functions fulfilled by the disposal system rely and of the processes that may affect the system ***,research and development(R&D)on safety-relevant thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)issues is important to build confidence in the safety *** paper points out the key THMC processes that might influence radionuclide transport in a disposal system and its surrounding environment,considering the dynamic nature of these *** nature and significance are expected to change according to prevailing internal and external conditions,which evolve from the repository construction phase to the whole heatingecooling cycle of decaying waste after *** these processes have a potential impact on safety,it is essential to identify and to understand them properly when developing a disposal concept to ensure compliance with relevant safety *** particular,the investigation of THMC processes is needed to manage *** includes the identification and characterisation of uncertainties as well as for the understanding of their safety-relevance.R&D may also be necessary to reduce uncertainties of which the magnitude does not allow demonstrating the safety of the disposal system.

关键词： Radioactive waste Geological disposal Performance assessment safety assessment safety functions safety requirements

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safety requirements And Inspections Methods For Insulating Components Used In Electrical Accessories

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International Journal of Technology Management 2014年第8期 43-45页

作者： Chen Weidong Guo Chunyu Quality Inspection Institute of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310018

This paper covers the safely requirements and inspection methods for insulating components used in electrical accessories by an analyzing the properties of the insulating components used in electrical accessories base... 详细信息

关键词： Electrical accessories Insulating components safety requirements Inspection methods

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Analysis of the national standard for safety requirements of fuel cell electric vehicles

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China Standardization 2021年第4期86卷 60-64,F0003页

作者： Wu Hao Lan Hao Zhang Shimin Wang Xiaobing Hao Dong CATARC Automotive Test Center(Tianjin)Co. Ltd. China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co. Ltd.

In order to meet new challenges brought by the development of fuel cell electric vehicle(FCEV)industry,we are in urgent need to update and refine the safety requirements for *** this end,GB/T 24549-2020,Fuel cell electric vehicles-safety requirements,was issued on September 29,*** paper analyzes the main technical content of the standard as well as its similarities and differences with the 2009 Version.

关键词： FCEVs safety requirements standard analysis

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Experience gained in analyzing severe accidents for WWER RP using CC SOCRAT

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第4期15卷 872-886页

作者： S.I.PANTYUSHIN А.V.LITYSHEV A.V.NIKOLAEVA O.V.AULOVA D.L.GASPAROV V.V.ASTAKHOV M.A.BYKOV Non-stationary Thermohydraulics Department OKB Gidropress JSC 142103PodolskRussia

The current Russian regulatory documents on the safety of nuclear power plant(NPP)specify the requirements regarding design basis accidents(DBAs)and beyond design basis accidents(BDBAs),including severe accidents(SAs)with core meltdown,in NPP design(NP-001-15,NP-082-07,and others).For a rigorous calculational justification of BDBAs and SAs,it is necessary to develop an integral CC that will be in line with the requirements of regulatory documents on verification and certification(RD-03-33-2008,RD-03-34-2000)and will allow for determining the amount of data required to provide information within the scope stipulated by the requirements for the structure of the safety analysis report(SAR)(NP-006-16).The system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents(SOCRAT)(formerly,thermohydraulics(RATEG)/coupled physical and chemical processes(SVECHA)/behavior of core materials relocated into the reactor lower plenum(HEFEST))was developed in Russia to analyze a wide range of SAs at NPP with water-cooled water-moderated power-generating reactor(WWER)at all stages of the *** to the code and broadening of its applicability are continually being pursued by the code developers(Nuclear safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences(IBRAE RAN))with OKB Gidropress JSC and other ***,the SOCRAT/В1 code can be used as a base tool to obtain realistic estimates for all parameters important for computational justification of the reactor plant(RP)safety at the in-vessel stage of SAs with fuel *** perform analyses using CC SOCRAT/В1,the experience gained during execution of thermohydraulic codes is applied,which allows for minimizing the uncertainties in the results at the early stage of an accident *** study presents the results of the work performed in 2010–2020 in OKB Gidropress JSC using the CC SOCRAT/В*** have been considered to develop calculational models and analyze SAs using CC *** process,which is cle

关键词： system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents(SOCRAT) design basis accidents(DBAs) severe accidents(SAs) computer code(CC) nuclear power plant(NPP)design water-cooled water-moderated(WWER) modeling model safety requirements

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Towards Safer and More Sustainable Ways for Exploiting Nuclear Power

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2020年第3期10卷 91-115页

作者： Wolfgang Krö ger Didier Sornette Ali Ayoub Department of Management Technology and Economics (D-MTEC) ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Future electricity systems are challenged by deep decarbonization and concurrently increasing demand and there are growing concerns that renewables cannot shoulder this alone. Starting from the proven principle of diversity, we argue for keeping the nuclear option open or even for expanding its use. However, the perspectives are dim for the current technology as safety concerns and social aversion remain as fundamental problems. While looking for future revolutionary safe and more sustainable nuclear concepts we first review the main characteristics of civil nuclear energy, as well as its safety records and technical progress. We then list the key requirements for innovative nuclear systems designs which are less dependent on active safety systems and human performance as well as social stability. This allows us to provide a concept by concept comparison and assessment of existing and novel technologies and designs including different coolants and neutron spectra. The results indicate a high potential for far-reaching improvements compared to most advanced LWRs, although none of the candidate concepts meets all requirements convincingly, yet, helium cooled, small modular reactors (HTR-PM) come closest. We end by stressing the need for future research and development, and keeping human capital and know-how in nuclear energy;we call for an urgent increase in government and international RD&D funding by the order of a few hundreds of billions of USD per year, which will likely lead to breakthroughs that will restart productivity growth in severely affected stagnating modern economies.

关键词： Low-Carbon Energy Systems Sustainability Nuclear safety safety requirements Advanced Reactor Concepts SMR RD&D Needs

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