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Gut microbiome and pancreatic cancer cachexia:An evolving relationship

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第7期14卷 1218-1226页

作者： Andrew Hendifar Rasaq Akinsola Hayato Muranaka Arsen Osipov Shant Thomassian Natalie Moshayedi Julianne Yang Jonathan Jacobs Suzanne Devkota Neil Bhowmick Jun Gong Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and OncologyCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of MedicineInflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90048United States

Nearly 80% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)develop cachexia along their disease *** is characterized by progressive weight loss,muscle wasting,and systemic inflammation and has been linked to poorer outcomes and impairments in quality of *** of PDAC cachexia has historically involved a multidisciplinary effort comprised of nutritional support,pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy,and/or pharmacologic *** current interventions to mitigate PDAC cachexia,a significant proportion of patients continue to die from complications associated with cachexia underscoring the need for novel insights and treatments for this *** highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of a recent enteral feeding prospective trial at our institution to improve cachexia outcomes in patients with advanced ***,we were among the first to characterize the stool microbiome composition in patients with advanced PDAC receiving enteral feeding for the treatment of *** insights into the relationship between enteral nutritional support,cachexia,and the gut microbiome are *** promising results are discussed in the context of a potential ability to modulate the stool microbiome as a new interventional strategy to mitigate PDAC cachexia.

关键词： Gut microbiome Pancreatic cancer stool Cachexia Inflammation Weight

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Determination of gluten immunogenic peptides for the management of the treatment adherence of celiac disease: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第37期27卷 6306-6321页

作者： Laura Coto Irati Mendia Carolina Sousa Julio César Bai Angel Cebolla Research and Development BiomedalCamas 41900SevilleSpain Human Nutrition and Food Science Doctoral Program University of GranadaGranada 18011Spain Molecular Biology Biomedicine and Clinical Research Doctoral ProgramUniversity of SevilleSeville 41012Spain Department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of SevilleSeville 41013Spain Department of Gastroenterology Dr.Carlos Bonorino Udaondo Gastroenterology HospitalBuenos Aires 1264Argentina Research Institutes Universidad del SalvadorBuenos Aires 1050Argentina

BACKGROUND Gluten is a complex mixture of proteins with immunogenic peptide sequences triggering the autoimmune activity in patients with celiac disease(CeD).Gluten immunogenic peptides(GIP)are resistant to gastrointestinal digestion and are then excreted via the stool and *** common detection methods applied in the follow-up visits for CeD patients such as serology tests,dietetic interviews,questionnaires,and duodenal biopsy have been proved to be inefficient,invasive,or inaccurate for evaluating gluten-free diet(GFD)*** of excreted GIP in stool and urine has been developed as a non-invasive,direct,and specific test for GFD *** To summarize published literature about the clinical utility of GIP determination in comparison to the tools employed for GFD *** PubMed and Web of Science searches were performed using the keywords“gluten immunogenic peptides”or“gluten immunogenic peptide”and a combination of the previous terms with“feces”,“stools”,“urine”,“celiac disease”,“gluten-free diet”,and“adherence”to identify relevant clinical studies published in English and Spanish between 2012 to January *** lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent *** articles and abstracts reporting the clinical use of GIP determination in stool and/or urine for the follow-up of patients with CeD in comparison with other tools in use were *** reports,commentaries,reviews,conference papers,letters,and publications that did not focus on the aims of this review were *** Total of 15 publications were found that involved the use of GIP determination in stool and/or urine to monitor the adherence to the GFD in comparison to other *** included both children and adults diagnosed with CeD and healthy ***,these preliminary studies indicated that this novel technique was highly sensitive for the detection of GFD transgressions and therefore could fac

关键词： Celiac disease Gluten-free diet Gluten immunogenic peptides Immunoassays stool Urine

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Metabolite profile comparisons between ascending and descending colon tissue in healthy adults

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第3期26卷 335-352页

作者： Bridget A Baxter Kristopher D Parker Michael J Nosler Sangeeta Rao Rebecca Craig Catherine Seiler Elizabeth P Ryan Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsFort CollinsCO 80523United States University of Colorado Health Gastroenterology Clinic Fort CollinsCO 80524United States Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523United States Harmony Surgery Center Fort CollinsCO 80528United States Director of Clinical Operations Harmony Surgery CenterFort CollinsCO 80523United States

BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer,yet metabolic distinctions between healthy right and left colon tissue,before cancer is diagnosed,remains largely *** study compared right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue metabolomes to identify differences from the stool metabolome in normal weight,overweight,and obese *** To examine right and left colon tissue metabolites according to body mass index that may serve as mechanistic targets for interventions and biomarkers for colon cancer *** Global,non-targeted metabolomics was applied to assess right-ascending and left-descending colon tissue collected from healthy adults undergoing screening colonoscopies to test the hypothesis that BMI differentially impacts colon tissue metabolite *** colon tissue and stool metabolome of healthy adults(n=24)was analyzed for metabolite signatures and metabolic pathway networks implicated in progression of colorectal *** Ascending and descending colon contained 504 host,food,and microbiotaderived metabolites from normal weight,overweight and obese adults grouped according to body mass *** acids,lipids,and nucleotides were among the chemical types that further differentiated from the stool metabolite *** weight adults had 46 significantly different metabolites between ascending and descending colon tissue locations,whereas there were 37 metabolite differences in overweight and 28 metabolite differences for obese adults(P<0.05).Obese adults had trimethylamine N-oxide,endocannabinoids and monoacylglycerols with different relative abundances identified between ascending and descending *** and secondary bile acids,vitamins,and fatty acids also showed marked relative abundance differences in colon tissue from overweight/obese *** There were metabolite profile differences between right-ascending and leftdescending colon tissue in healthy *** lipids and other metabolites in

关键词： Colon Ascending Descending Metabolomics Obesity stool

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Biomarkers for detecting colorectal cancer non-invasively: DNA,RNA or proteins?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2020年第2期12卷 124-148页

作者： Alexandre Loktionov Diag Nodus Ltd Babraham Research Campus

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a global problem affecting millions of people *** disease is unique because of its slow progress that makes it preventable and often *** symptoms usually emerge only at advanced stages of the disease,consequently its early detection can be achieved only through active population screening,which markedly reduces mortality due to this *** screening tests that employ non-invasively detectable biomarkers are currently being actively developed and,in most cases,samples of either stool or blood are ***,alternative biological substances that can be collected non-invasively(colorectal mucus,urine,saliva,exhaled air)have now emerged as new sources of diagnostic *** main categories of currently explored CRC biomarkers are:(1)Proteins(comprising widely used haemoglobin);(2)DNA(including mutations and methylation markers);(3)RNA(in particular microRNAs);(4)Low molecular weight metabolites(comprising volatile organic compounds)detectable by metabolomic techniques;and(5)Shifts in gut microbiome *** tests for early CRC detection employing such non-invasive biomarkers have been proposed and clinically *** some of these studies generated promising early results,very few of the proposed tests have been transformed into clinically validated diagnostic/screening *** DNA-based tests as Food and Drug Administration-approved multitarget stool test(marketed as Cologuard®)or blood test for methylated septin 9(marketed as Epi proColon®2.0 CE)show good diagnostic performance but remain too expensive and technically complex to become effective CRC screening *** can be concluded that,despite its deficiencies,the protein(haemoglobin)detection-based faecal immunochemical test(FIT)today presents the most cost-effective option for non-invasive CRC *** combination of non-invasive FIT and confirmatory invasive colonoscopy is the current strategy of choice for CRC ***

关键词： Colorectal cancer screening Biomarkers Non-invasive testing stool Colorectal mucus Blood

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Reduction of the ages at diagnosis and operation of biliary atresia in Taiwan: A 15-year population-based cohort study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第46期21卷 13080-13086页

作者： Jen-Shyang Lin Solomon Chih-Cheng Chen Chin-Li Lu Hung-Chang Lee Chun-Yan Yeung Wai-Tao Chan Department of Pediatrics Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Mac Kay Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics School of MedicineTaipei Medical University Department of Public Health College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University

AIM: To describe the ages at diagnosis and operation of biliary atresia(BA) and its incidence over a 15-year period in ***: This was a population-based cohort study. BA cases were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database based on the International Classification of Diseases,Ninth Revision(ICD-9) code of BA 751.61 plus Kasai operation(ICD-9 procedure code 51.37) or liver transplantation(LT,ICD-9 procedure code 50.5). The patients' characteristics including sex,age at diagnosis,age at receiving Kasai operation and age at receiving LT were compared among three birth cohorts:(1) 1997 to 2001;(2) 2002 to 2006; and(3) 2007 to ***: There were a total of 540 BA cases(275 females) with an incidence of 1.62 per 10000 live births. No seasonality of BA was noted. The mean ages at diagnosis of three cohorts were 57.9,55.6 and 52.6 d.A linear regression model demonstrated a decreasing trend of the mean age at diagnosis(1.27 d per year). The proportion of BA cases that received the Kasai operation within 60 d of age increased from 76% to 81%. A total of 189(35%) BA patients underwent LT. The mean age at LT was reduced from 3-year-old to 1-year-old. The rates of LT were 25.6% and 32.3% in patients who received the Kasai operation within 60 d or after 60 d of age,respectively. All patients who did not undergo a Kasai operation eventually required ***: The ages at diagnosis and operation in BA cases have decreased over time. Kasai operation performed at younger age reduces the need for LT. The incidence of BA in Taiwan fluctuates,but without certain trend.

关键词： Age Biliary atresia Kasai operation stool color ca

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Three Novel Real-Time RT-PCR Assays for Detection of COVID-19 Virus

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China CDC weekly 2020年第25期2卷 453-457页

作者： Peihua Niu Roujian Lu Li Zhao Huijuan Wang Baoying Huang Fei Ye Wenling Wang Wenjie Tan Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Health and Family Planning CommissionNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChina CDCBeijingChina

What is already known on this topic?A novel human coronavirus,known as SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV,is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We have released the primers and probes of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(rRT-PCR)assays for the laboratory detection of COVID-19 *** is added by this report?Here we provide detailed technical data and evaluate the performance of three novel rRT-PCR assays targeting the ORF1ab,N,and E genes for detection of COVID-19 *** application of rRT-PCR assays among four types of specimens(alveolar lavage,sputum,throat swabs,and stool)from patients with COVID-19 indicated that the mean viral loads detected in sputum were higher than other *** are the implications for public health practice?These rRT-PCR assays reported here could be used for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 infection with high sensitivity,specificity,and *** rather than throat swabs and stool should be a priority for specimen collection for laboratory detection of COVID-19.

关键词： diagnosis specificity stool

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Detection of promoter hypermethylation of Wnt antagonist genes in fecal samples for diagnosis of early colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第20期20卷 6329-6335页

作者： Hu Zhang You-Qing Zhu Ya-Qiong Wu Ping Zhang Jian Qi Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Department of Gastroenterology Hubei Provincial Corps Hospital Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Department of Dermatology Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College

AIM: To investigate the feasibility of detecting aberrantly hypermethylated Wnt-antagonist gene promoters (SFRP2 and WIF-1) in fecal DNA as non-invasive biomarkers for early colorectal cancer (CRC).

关键词： Colorectal carcinoma Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 Wnt inhibitory factor-1 stool Methylation

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At-home cancer screening:a solution for China and other developing countries with a large population and limited number of healthcare practitioners

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2017年第8期36卷 339-341页

作者： Chao-Nan Qian Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China

Five-year survival rate for patients with all cancers combined, in China, is only 30.9%, which is much lower than those in developed countries. The three main reasons for the low cancer curative rates in China include differences in the spectrum of cancer types, in early detection rates, and in the percentage of cancer patients receiving standardized treatment between China and developed *** most important mechanism for improving the curative rate is to improve early detection rates of major cancers in China using novel and affordable technologies that can be operated at home by the patients *** attempt could be helpful in setting up a practical example for other developing countries with limited medical resources and a limited number of healthcare practitioners.

关键词： The spectrum of cancer types At-home cancer screening Early detection rate Standardized treatment Lung cancer Cervical cancer Gastric cancer Colorectal cancer Breast cancer HPV stool DNA

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PERSONAL EXPERIENCE ON ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF DIARRHEA

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1990年第4期10卷 251-256页

Yang Jiebin 杨介宾(Chengdu College ofTCM)The author treats the disease with bothacupuncture and moxibustion on 5acupoints,***(Ren 12),Tianshu(St 25),Zusanli(St 36),Shenque(Ren 8)

关键词： moxibustion 杨介宾 diarrhea stool sensation Chengdu minutes needle intestine suffering

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ULMUS MACROCARPA HANCE FOR THE TREATMENT OF ULCERTATIVE COLITIS——A Report of 36 Cases——

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1990年第2期10卷 97-98页

作者：叶光华曹秋英陈小安李世雄贾宝全 First Teaching Hospital Lanzhou Medical College

From February 1982 to June 1986,wetreated 36 cases of ulcerative colitis withUlmus macrocarpa Hance as retentionenema,with satisfactory results as reportedin the ***

关键词： satisfactory bottle stored stool essentially suspended diarrhea enema recur congestion

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