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DNA plasticity and damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 173-180页

作者： Diane Penndorf Otto W.Witte Alexandra Kretz Hans Berger Department of Neurology University Hospital Jena

The pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） is particularly challenging due to the heteroge- neity of its clinical presentation and the diversity of cellular, molecular and genetic peculiarities involved. Molecular insights unveiled several novel genetic factors to be inherent in both familial and sporadic dis- ease entities, whose characterizations in terms of phenotype prediction, pathophysiological impact and putative prognostic value are a topic of current researches. However, apart from genetically well-defined high-confidence and other susceptibility loci, the role of DNA damage and repair strategies of the genome as a whole, either elicited as a direct consequence of the underlying genetic mutation or seen as an autono- mous parameter, in the initiation and progression of ALS, and the different cues involved in either process are still incompletely understood. This mini review summarizes current knowledge on DNA alterations and counteracting DNA repair strategies in ALS pathology and discusses the putative role of unconventional DNA entities including transposable elements and extrachromosomal circular DNA in the disease process. Focus is set on sodl-related pathophysiology, with extension to FUS, TDP-43 and C90RF72 mutations. Advancing our knowledge in the field will contribute to an improved understanding of this relentless dis- ease, for which therapeutic options others than symptomatic approaches are almost unavailable.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis DNA damage and repair extrachromosomal circular DNA microDNA nuclear pore complex sod1 mutations TDP-43 pathology transposable elements

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