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shale gas reservoirs: Theoretical, practical and research issues

Petroleum Research 2016年第1期1卷 10-26页

作者： Roberto Aguilera Schulich School of Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada

shale gas reservoirs are found all over the *** endowment worldwide is estimated at 10,000 tcf by the GFREE team in the Schulich School of Engineering at the University of *** shale gas work and production initiated successfully in the Unites States and extended to Canada will have application,with modifications,in several other countries in the ***‘modifications’qualifier is important as each shale gas reservoir should be considered as a research project by itself to avoid fiascos and major financial *** gas reservoirs are best represented by at least quadruple porosity *** of the production obtained from shale reservoirs is dominated by diffusion *** approximate boundary between viscous and diffusion-like flow is estimated with Knudsen *** flow is present,for example,when the architecture of the rock is dominated by mega pore throat,macro pore throat,meso pore throat and sometimes micro pore *** flow on the other hand is observed at the nano pore throat *** process speed concept has been used successfully in conventional reservoirs for several ***,the concept discussed in this paper for tight gas and shale gas reservoirs,with the support of core data,has been developed only recently,and permits differentiating between viscous and diffusion dominated *** is valuable,for example,in those cases where the formation to be developed is composed of alternating stacked layers of tight sands and shales,or where there are lateral variations due to facies *** approach to develop the concept of a super-giant shale gas reservoir is presented as well as a description of GFREE,a successful research program for tight *** paper closes with examples of detailed original gas-in-place(OGIP)calculations for 3 North American shale gas reservoirs including free gas in natural fractures and the porous network within the organic matter,gas in the non-organic matter,adsorbed gas,a

关键词： shale gas reservoirs process or delivery speed quadruple porosity model Knudsen number pore throat level

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Characteristics of shale gas reservoirs in Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in Well WX2,northeast Chongqing

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Petroleum Research 2017年第4期2卷 324-335页

作者： Jin Wu Feng Liang Wen Lin Hongyan Wang Wenhua Bai Chao Ma Shasha Sun Qun Zhao Xiaojiang Song Rongze Yu PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Langfang 065007China National Energy shale gas R&D(Experiment)Centre Hebei 065007China PetroChina Unconventional Oil&Ges Key Laboratory Hebei 065007China

To further understand shale reservoir characteristics of Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in the Wuxi area,northeast Chongqing,based on drilling data of Well WX2,and taking the graptolite biostratigraphy as the standard marker of stratigraphic division and comparison,the geochemistry,petrology,reservoir space and properties of organic-rich black shale were well investigated,and its gasbearing capacity and controlling factors were also *** result shows that in the Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation of Well WX2,the organic-rich shale is 89.8 m thick and is characterized by good kerogen type,high organic abundance,moderate maturity and favorable hydrocarbongeneration condition,and the graptolite sequence is developed completely and continuously;the organic abundance is influenced by depositional rate,and the slow depositional rate is favorable for accumulation of organic matter in the black graptolite shale;from top to bottom,content of siliceous minerals increases and content of clay minerals decrease,therefore the brittleness increases;the organicrich siliceous shale and clay siliceous shale are favorable lithofacies for development of shale reservoirs;the nanopore is dominated by the parallel-plate pore with four open sides and has good connectivity;the pore size distribution curve has the multimodal characteristic,and the pore diameter mainly is in the range of 0.42e0.62 nm and the range of 3e5 nm;organic pores and interlayer pores of clay minerals make the greatest contribution to the total pore volume,while pores of brittle minerals have the least contribution;from top to bottom,organic pores gradually increase while interlayer pores of clay minerals gradually decrease;the on-site core gas content exceeds 8 m3/t,and the gas-bearing capacity is jointly controlled by hydrocarbon generation,reservoir and preservation conditions;and the WF2-LM6 biozone of the Katian to the early Aeronian is the high-quality shale reservoir,where the LM1 biozone o

关键词： shale gas reservoirs Graptolite biozone Micropore gas-bearing capacity Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation Northeast Chongqing

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Characterizing hydraulic fractures in shale gas reservoirs using transient pressure tests

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Petroleum 2015年第2期1卷 133-138页

作者： Cong Wang Yushu Wu Colorado School of Mines United States

Hydraulic fracturing combined with horizontal drilling has been the technology that makes it possible to economically produce natural gas from unconventional shale gas or tight gas *** fracturing operations,in particular,multistage fracturing treatments along with horizontal wells in unconventional formations create complex fracture geometries or networks,which are difficult to *** traditional analysis using a single vertical or horizontal fracture concept may be no longer *** of these created fracture properties,such as their spatial distribution,extension and fracture areas,is essential information to evaluate stimulation ***,there are currently few effective approaches available for quantifying hydraulic fractures in unconventional *** work presents an unconventional gas reservoir simulator and its application to quantify hydraulic fractures in shale gas reservoirs using transient pressure *** numerical model incorporates most known physical processes for gas production from unconventional reservoirs,including two-phase flow of liquid and gas,Klinkenberg effect,non-Darcy flow,and nonlinear *** addition,the model is able to handle various types and scales of fractures or heterogeneity using continuum,discrete or hybrid modeling approaches under different well production conditions of varying rate or *** modeling studies indicate that the most sensitive parameter of hydraulic fractures to early transient gas flow through extremely low permeability rock is actually the fracture-matrix contacting area,generated by fracturing *** on this observation,it is possible to use transient pressure testing data to estimate the area of fractures generated from fracturing *** will conduct a series of modeling studies and present a methodology using typical transient pressure responses,simulated by the numerical model,to estimate fracture areas created or to quan

关键词： Hydraulic fractures shale gas reservoirs Transient pressure tests Reservoir simulation Formation characterization gas adsorption

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Characterization of Microscopic Pore Structures in shale gas reservoirs of the Southeast Chongqing

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 122-124页

作者： YUAN Dandan LU Shuangfang CHEN Fangwen XIAO Hong WU Yihao GE Xiaobo Research Institute of Unconventional Petroleum and Renewable Energy (RIUP&RE) China University of Petroleum (EastChina) Qingdao Shandong 266580 China Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company Renqiu Hebei 062552 China

Unlike traditional resources, mud shale has the characteristics of low porosity, low permeability, small pore structure, nanoscale pore as the main body. The microscopic pore structures of mud shale can not only influence the occurrence state of shale gas and gas content, but also influence the hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency of source rocks, which makes the study of shale gas reservoir necessary.

关键词： shale gas reservoirs GEOCHEMISTRY MINERALOGY FIELD emission electron microscopes POROSITY PERMEABILITY

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Experimental Research on the shale Oil reservoirs by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) Technique

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 132-133页

作者： ZHANG Pengfei LU Shuangfang LI Junqian XIE Liujuan CHEN Jianjun ZHANG Ping Research Institute of Unconventional Petroleum andRenewable Energy China University of Petroleum Qingdao266580 Shandong China School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266580 Shandong China

Nanometer-scale pores exist in the shale, causing that shale has complex reservoir spaces, which results in a poor connectivity among various pores. In addition, because of the complex mineralogical compositions, there is a variety of fluid occurrence state in the pores of the shale, causing that it is difficult to do experimental research for shale.

关键词： NUCLEAR magnetic resonance shale gas reservoirs X-ray diffraction SCANNING electron microscopes ADSORPTION

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Research on Micro Pore Structure of the shale Oil reservoirs in Xingouzui Formation in the Jianghan Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 37-38页

作者： HU Ying LU Shuangfang LI Wenhao ZHANG Pengfei LI Qian ZHANG Han Research Institute of Unconventional Petroleum and Renewable Energy China University of Petroleum Qingdao266580 Shandong School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Qingdao 266580 Shandong

The argillaceous dolomite in low- permeability reservoirs in the Xingouzui Formation of the Jianghan Basin, influenced by sedimentation, diagenesis and other complex geological factors, has the unique micro pore struc... 详细信息

关键词： shale gas reservoirs RESEARCH MICROPORES BASINS (Geology) SCANNING electron microscopy PERMEABILITY CHINA

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Diagenesis of shale and its control on pore structure, a case study from typical marine, transitional and continental shales

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2021年第2期15卷 378-394页

作者： Weidong XIE Meng WANG Hua WANG Ruying MA Hongyue DUAN School of Earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Low Carbon Energy Institute China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221008China College of Geology and Mining Engineering Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830000China

Due to discrepancies in pore structure,the productivity of shale gas reservoirs under different diagenesis stages varies *** study discussed the controlling of sedimentation and diagenesis on shale pore structure in typical marine,transitional,and continental shales,*** shale samples from the Shuinan Formation,Jiaolai Basin,transitional shale samples from the Taiyuan,Shanxi and Xiashihezi Formations,Ordos Basin,and marine shale samples from the Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin,were *** electron microscope with argon ion polishing,high-pressure mercury injection,and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments were conducted to acquire pore structure *** the diagenetic stage of the reservoir was classified according to thermal maturity,organic geochemical parameters,and mineral *** results exhibit that continental,transitional,and marine shales are period A,period B of the middle diagenetic stage,and the late diagenetic stage,*** pore structure,micropore(0–2 nm)and mesopore(2–50 nm)controlled pore volume and specific surface area of transitional and marine shales,and specific surface area of continental shale have similar results,while micropore,mesopore,and macropore(>50 nm)all have a significant proportion of pore volume in continental *** pore structure characteristics and controlling factors exhibit a pronounced difference in different diagenesis stages,the compaction and cementation in period A of the middle diagenesis stage is relatively weak,intergranular pore and interlayer pore of clay minerals are well preserved,and moldic pore and dissolved pore developed as well;organic matter is in high maturity in period B of the middle diagenesis stage,organic matter pore developed correspondingly,while the intergranular pore developed poorly affected by compaction,notably,the carbonate is negligible in transitional shale,and the interlayer pore of clay minerals are well preserved

关键词： shale gas reservoirs diagenesis stage pore structure controlling factors

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shale Oil Occurrence and Reservoir Characteristics of the Qijia-Gulong Depression in Songliao Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 151-153页

作者： HUO Qiuli ZENG Huasen ZHANG Xiaochang FANG Qinghua WANG Zhenying FU Li E&D Research Institute Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd.Co.

1 Introduction The technology breakthrough in the exploration of shale gas and tight oil has greatly extended the global fossil fuel resources （Jia et al., 2012; Zou et al., 2012; Qiu et al., 2013）. Although shale oil has been the global hot topic in the study of unconventional resources, there are varied definitions with respect to shale oil by different researchers.

关键词： shale gas reservoirs shale oils BASINS (Geology) PYROLYSIS OIL fields CHINA

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Recent Trends on High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of shale gas Reservoir in China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 16-17页

作者： CHENG Yongsheng Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals Ministry of EducationCentral South University School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South University

shale gas is a kind of unconventional gas that locates in the mudstone, shale or high carbonaceous mudstone and shale, which is in a form of adsorption or free. It aggregated in the nearby hydrocarbon source rocks after generation, so the mudstone and shale are both the reservoir and cap rock, showing the typical ＂self- generating and self-preserving＂ accumulation model. shale gas, as a kind of unconventional energy, has gotten high attention in the world, because of its great reserve, cleaning, long mining life, long production period and stable gas producing.

关键词： STRATIGRAPHIC geology PETROLEUM reservoirs shale gas reservoirs gas explosions OIL fields CHINA

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Reservoir Characteristics and Control Factors of The 4th Member of Xujiahe Formation in The Middle Part of Western Sichuan Depression

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 77-78页

作者： SONG Hongyu JI Youliang ZHOU Yong CHEN Xianliang ZHAO Chunni DONG Ruojing YANG Yong College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shanxi 710054 China Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Southwestern Oil and Gasfield Company ChengduSichuan 610041 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration andDevelopment Beijing 100083 China PetroChina Exploration and Development Company Beijing 100034 China

1 Introduction The western Sichuan depression is a foreland basin which formed since late Triassic. The middle part of it is the focus of our study, the west boundary is Longmen mountain and the east is Zhongjiang, th... 详细信息

关键词： shale gas reservoirs OIL shales SANDSTONE CLASTIC rocks SCANNING electron microscopes

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