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Identifying Neighborhood Effects on Geohazard Adaptation in Mountainous rural Areas of china:A Spatial Econometric Model

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第6期14卷 919-931页

作者： Li Peng Jing Tan College of Geography and Resources Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610101China School of Public Policy and Administration Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Center for Public Economics&Public Policy Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

In mountainous rural settlements facing the threat of geohazards,local adaptation is a self-organizing process influenced by individual and group behaviors.Encouraging a wide range of local populations to embrace geohazard adaptation strategies emerges as a potent means of mitigating disaster risks.The purpose of this study was to investigate whether neighbors influence individuals'adaptation decisions,as well as to unravel the mechanisms through which neighborhood effects exert their influence.We employed a spatial Durbin model and a series of robustness checks to confirm the results.The dataset used in this research came from a face-to-face survey involving 516 respondents residing in 32 rural settlements highly susceptible to geohazards.Our empirical results reveal that neighborhood effects are an important determinant of adaptation to geohazards.That is,a farmer's adaptation decision is influenced by the adaptation choices of his/her neighbors.Furthermore,when neighbors adopt adaptation strategies,the focal individuals may also want to adapt,both because they learn from their neighbors'choices(social learning)and because they tend to abide by the majority's choice(social norms).Incorporating neighborhood effects into geohazard adaptation studies offers a new perspective for promoting disaster risk reduction decision making.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Geohazard adaptation Neighborhood effects Rural China Spatial Durbin model(SDM)

Differences and dynamics of multidimensional poverty in Rural China from multiple perspectives analysis

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第7期32卷 1383-1404页

作者： WANG Bingbing LUO Qing CHEN Guangping ZHANG Zhe JIN Pingbin School of Earth Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310013China Institute for Geography&Spatial Information Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310013China College of Resources and Environment Henan University of Economics and LawZhengzhou 450046China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science Hangzhou 310013China

Absolute poverty was completely eliminated in china in 2020.However,poverty measured by income does not fully reflect the actual situation.This paper analyses multidimensional poverty and its dynamics in Rural China from perspectives of region,terrain,and geographical location during 2010–2018.We use the Chinese Family Panel Survey data,adopt the Alkire-Foster method and improve the multidimensional poverty index(MPI),calculating and comparing multidimensional poverty and its dynamics among 3009 rural households.In addition,the contribution of the indicator to multidimensional poverty is decomposed.The results indicate that multidimensional poverty has obvious regional differences,topographical differences,and geographical differences.Moreover,the targeted poverty alleviation policy has a significant impact on multidimensional poverty eradication,and the rate of decline of the MPI during 2016–2018 is significantly greater than that of 2010–2014.Education contributes more than 50%to the MPI.In general,the proportion of households with persistent multidimensional poverty is higher than temporary multidimensional poverty,and temporary multidimensional poverty is higher than no multidimensional poverty.These results obtained from a large scale,long time and multiple perspectives could offer new insights for the government to further consolidate the results of poverty alleviation while offering china’s experience to other developing countries.

关键词： multidimensional poverty dynamics regional differences geographical location differences topographical differences Rural China

The impact of the rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(rural Dibao)Program on child nutrition outcomes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 444-456页

作者： Dian Chen Xiangming Fang Yu Chen Xiaodong Zheng Zhuo Chen Rodney B.W.Smith Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Public Health Georgia State UniversityAtlanta 30303USA School of Economics Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China College of Public Health University of GeorgiaAthens 30602USA Department of Applied Economics University of MinnesotaSaint Paul 55108USA

The rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in Rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using china Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.

关键词： rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee nutrition height-to-age z-scores stunting Rural China

rural E-commerce and County Economic Development in china

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china & World Economy 2023年第5期31卷 26-60页

作者： Qiuxia Qin Hongdong Guo Xinjie Shi Kevin Chen china Academy for rural Development School of Public AffairsZhejiang UniversityChina china Academy for rural Development School of Public AffairsChina and Research Center for Common ProsperityFuture Regional Development LaboratoryInnovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityChina china Academy for rural Development School of Public AffairsZhejiang UniversityChina and International Food Policy Research InstituteEast and Central Asia OfficeChina

With the proliferation of information and communication technology in rural areas,rural e-commerce has gradually become a new economic phenomenon in china. Usingthe national rural e-commerce comprehensive demonstration policy as a quasi-naturalexperiment, this study examines the causal linkage between rural e-commerce andcounty-level economic development in china. Its findings, which draw on county-levelpanel data from 2011 to 2018, indicate that the policy had a positive effect on the countyleveleconomy in china, resulting in an overall increase in county GDP by 3.5 percent(0.7 percent annually). Our analysis further shows that the impact of the policy diferedalong the region and human capital dimensions. Further analysis reveals that industrialstructure and nonagricultural employment were the main channels for the policy toexert a county-level economic impact. Infrastructure improvement in china also playsan important role. The findings emphasize the importance of advancing e-commerce inrural areas to stimulate county-level economic development.

关键词： county economy e-commerce quasi-natural experiment Rural China

Status and path of intergenerational transmission of poverty in Rural China:A human capital investment perspective

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 1080-1091页

作者： BAI Yun-li ZHANG Lin-xiu SUN Ming-xing XU Xiang-bo Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China UN Environment Programme-International Ecosystem Management Partnership Beijing 100101P.R.China

This paper focused on the intergenerational transmission of poverty in Rural China by estimating the intergenerational transmission of earnings and stated its mechanism from the perspective of human capital investment before children participated in the labor market.The data used in this study were longitude data collected in 2000 households of 100 villages among 25 counties across five provinces in 2005,2008,2012,2016,and 2019.Qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted.We found a significant intergenerational transmission of earnings in Rural China,especially for the pairs of father–children and parents–children.The intergenerational earnings'elasticities were much less than those in urban areas,which indicated better social mobility in rural areas than that in urban china.The children with parents who could earn much were more likely to be invested before they participated in the labor market,gain a high education and have more skills.Three cases further showed that the mechanism of human capital investment in children breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty and promoting social mobility.

关键词： poverty intergenerational transmission human capital Rural China

The dynamic impact of income and income distribution on food consumption among adults in Rural China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第1期20卷 330-342,I0001,I0002页

作者： LI Lei ZHAI Shi-xian BAI Jun-fei National Agricultural and rural Development Research Institute China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China Beijing Food Safety Policy&Strategy Research Base Beijing 100083P.R.China College of Economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China

Previous studies have demonstrated that income has a significant effect on food demand in Rural China. However, little research has focused on the dynamic impact of income and income distribution on food demand in Rural China. Using china Health and Nutrition Survey data, this study employs a consistent two-step quadratic almost ideal demand system model, with addressed problems of endogeneity of total expenditure and zero shares, to estimate the food demand elasticities among adults in rural areas with regard to the different income strata. The results show that changes in income and income strata have significant effects on food demand in rural areas. Except for grains, all other food groups, including vegetables, oils and fats, animal products, and other foods, have positive income elasticities, and the rise in the income strata will lead to declining income elasticities for grains, vegetables, oils and fats, and animal products. Based on the estimated income elasticities, the food consumption projections indicate that reducing income inequality in rural society can improve the living standard of low-income people in terms of nutrient intakes.

关键词： income redistribution food demand endogeneity censored demand system Rural China

Do credit constraints affect households'economic vulnerability?Empirical evidence from Rural China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第9期20卷 2552-2568页

作者： PENG Yan-ling Yanjun REN LI Hou-jian College of Economics Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China Department of Agricultural Markets Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition EconomiesHalle(Saale)06120Germany

Poverty alleviation is still one of the major challenges in developing countries,especially in transitional economy like china.From the perspective of anti-poverty,this paper examines the impact of formal credit constraints(FCCs)and informal credit constraints(IFCCs)on economic vulnerability(EV)using the data from the china Household Income Project(CHIP)survey for 2013(CHIPs 2013)of rural households.The potential endogeneity problem of credit constraints(CCs)is addressed by applying the control function approach within an ordered probit model.The results show that both FCCs and IFCCs have a robust positive and significant impact on the EV of rural households and that the impact of FCCs is greater than that of IFCCs.To identify the potential mechanisms through which CCs affect EV,the seemingly unrelated regressions are used and the potential intercorrelation among these mechanisms is examined.We find that the impact of CCs on EV is partly mediated by health,trust,per capita financial assets and per capita income,whereby health and per capita income contribute to most of the total indirect effect.Thus,policies focus on supply-side and demand-side to improve credit accessibility could reduce rural households'EV,especially through its positive effect on health and per capita income.

关键词： credit constraints economic vulnerability causal mediation mechanisms Rural China

Off-farm employment and poverty alleviation in Rural China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 943-952页

作者： LI Shao-ping DONG Yong-qing ZHANG Lin-xiu LIU Cheng-fang china Center for Agricultural Policy School of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871P.R.China College of Management and Economics/Center for Social Science Survey and Data Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072P.R.China UN Environment Programme-International Ecosystem Management Partnership Beijing 100101P.R.China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China

Two phenomena in the history of china's economic growth during the last four decades are the increase in the share of offfarm employment and the progress in poverty alleviation in Rural China.Although both of them have been well documented in the literature,less is known about the linkage between the two.To better understand the role that off-farm employment has played in poverty alleviation in Rural China is critically important not only for china but also for those countries that are trying to reduce poverty.Here,we examine the impact of off-farm employment on poverty alleviation in Rural China.Using the data from two nationally representative household panel surveys(china National rural Survey and china rural Development Survey),this paper provides supporting evidence that off-farm employment contributes to poverty alleviation in Rural China.Specifically,if household participation in off-farm employment increases by 10 percentage points,the likelihood for a nonpoor household to fall into poverty will decrease by 0.88 percentage point whereas the likelihood for a poor household to climb out of poverty will increase by 3.5 percentage points.In a word,off-employment can not only prevent rural residents to fall into poverty but also help those already in poverty climb out of it.

关键词： off-farm employment poverty alleviation Rural China

The power of informal institutions:The impact of clan culture on the depression of the elderly in Rural China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 1107-1118页

作者： LIU Xiao-hong WANG Wei-dong ZHANG Lin-xiu china Center for Agricultural Policy School of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871P.R.China School of Economics and Management Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China UN Environment-International Ecosystem Management Partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101P.R.China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China

Exploration of ways to improve the subjective welfare of residents is an important area of current academic research.Using data from the china Family Panel Studies survey conducted in 2010,this paper investigated the impact of clan culture on the mental health of elderly people in Rural China.The results demonstrated that clan culture can significantly decrease the depression score of the rural elderly.Further,there was no gender difference with respect to the impact of clan culture on the depression score of the elderly.At the same time,the positive effects of clan culture on the depression score of the elderly have gradually weakened with economic development.Exploration of the mechanisms involved indicated that in areas with stronger clan culture,older people receive more social support.This study enriches our understanding of the impact of informal institutions on the welfare of rural residents.At the same time,it can also provide a certain decisionmaking reference for the government to formulate relative poverty relief strategies in a new stage of poverty alleviation.

关键词： clan culture the elderly depression Rural China social support