检索结果-南通市图书馆

Effects of a check dam system on the Runoff generation and concentration processes of a catchment on the Loess Plateau

引用

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 86-98页

作者： Shuilong Yuan Zhanbin Li Li Chen Peng Li Zeyu Zhang Junzheng Zhang Anna Wang kunxia Yu State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an710048ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an710048ShaanxiChina Desert Research Institute Las VegasNV89012USA Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Investigation and Planning of Shaanxi Province Xi'an710100ShaanxiChina

As an important soil and water conservation engineering measure,more than 100,000 check dams are constructed across the Loess Plateau;these dams play a vital role in reducing floods and sediment in the region.However,the effects of check dams on hydrologic process are still unclear,particularly when they are deployed as a system for watershed soil and water management.This study examined the watershed hydrologic process modulated by the check dam system in a typical Loess Plateau catchment.By simulating scenarios with various numbers of check dams using a distributed physically-based hydro-logical model,the effects of the number of check dams on Runoff generation and concentration were analyzed for the study catchment.The results showed that the presence of check dams reduced the peak discharge and the flood volume and extended the flood duration;the reduction effect on peak discharge was most significant among the three factors.The system of check dams substantially decreased the runoff coefficient,and the runoff coefficient reduction rate was greater for rainstorms with shorter return periods than for rainstorms with longer return periods.The check dams increased the capacity of the catchment regulating and storing floods and extended the average runoff concentration time in the catchment that flattened the instantaneous unit hydrograph.This study reveals the influencing mech-anism of check dam system on the watershed hydrological process under heavy rainstorm conditions and provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the effects of numerous check dams on regional hydrology and water resources on the Loess Plateau.

关键词： Check dam system Runoff generation runoff concentration Instantaneous unit hydrograph Loess Plateau

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Spatial variability of soil hydraulic conductivity and Runoff generation types in a small mountainous catchment

引用

Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第11期17卷 2724-2741页

作者： YANG Yong CHEN Ren-sheng SONG Yao-xuan HAN Chun-tan LIU Zhang-wen LIU Jun-feng Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology Inland River BasinNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest UniversityXi'an 710127China

As an important soil property,saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks)controls many hydrological processes,such as Runoff generation types,soil moisture storage and water movement.Because of the extremely harsh natural environmental conditions and soil containing a significant fraction of gravel fragments in high-elevation mountainous catchments,the measurement data of Ks and other soil properties are seriously lacking,which leads to poor understanding on its hydrological processes and water cycle.In this study,the vertical variation(0-150 cm)of Ks and other soil properties from 38 soil profiles were measured under five different land cover types(alpine barren,forest,marshy meadow,alpine shrub and alpine meadow)in a small catchment in Qilian Mountains,northwestern China.A typical characteristic of soil in mountainous areas is widespread presence of rock and gravel,and the results showed that the more rock and gravel in the soil,the higher Ks and bulk density and the lower the soil capillary porosity,field water capacity and total porosity.The Ks of the lower layer with rock and gravel(18.49±10.22 mm·min-1)was significantly higher than that of the upper layer with relatively fine textured soil(0.18±0.18 mm·min-1).The order of values of the Ks in different land cover types was alpine barren,forest,alpine shrub,marshy meadow and alpine meadow,and the values of the Ks in the alpine barren were significantly higher than those of other land covers.Most rainfall events in the research catchment had low rain intensity(Runoff generation type.When the rainfall intensity increased(0.11 mm·min-1),subsurface stormflow(SSF)appeared in the alpine meadow.Infiltration excess overland flow(IOF),SSF and DP existed simultaneously only when the rainfall intensity was extremely high(1.91 mm·min-1).IOF and SSF were almost never appeared in the alpine barren because of high Ks.The alpine barren was the main runoffcontributed area in the mountainous catchment because of high Ks and low

关键词： Saturated hydraulic conductivity Rock fragment Land cover Runoff generation Mountain catchment

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Runoff generation CHARACTERISTICS IN TYPICAL EROSION REGIONS ON THE LOESS PLATEAU

引用

International Journal of Sediment Research 2001年第4期16卷 473-485页

作者： Li CHEN, Qingquan LIU, and Jiachun LI 1.2.3 Division of Engineering Sciences, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China E-mail: qqliu@*** Division of Engineering Sciences Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

This paper presents a process-based model for Runoff generation on slopes. One dimensional kinematic wave theory combined with the revised Green-Ampt infiltration formula is applied in the model. According to the characteristics of soil and rainfall in the Loess Plateau area, six types of storm are defined, and among them three typical erosion zones that have different values of representative parameters are chosen to simulate the Runoff generation processes. The primary hydraulic characteristics of the Runoff generation, such as unit discharge, runoff depth, flow velocity, shear stress and ratio of Runoff generation, are obtained and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the different erosion characteristics are related to different Runoff generation zones.

关键词： Infiltration Runoff generation Soil erosion Loess Plateau

来源：

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Field experimental study on the effect of thawed depth of frozen alpine meadow soil on rill erosion by snowmelt waterflow

引用

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 54-63页

作者： Ying Zheng Xiaonan Shi Fan Zhang Tingwu Lei Chen Zeng Xiong Xiao Li Wang Guanxing Wang State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101China State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing100083China College of Geographic Science Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China

Soil erosion by snow or ice melt waterflow is an important type of soil erosion in many high-altitude and high-latitude regions and is further aggravated by climate warming.The snowmelt waterflow erosion process is affected by soil freeze-thaws and is highly dynamically variable.In this study,a methodology was developed to conduct in situ field experiments to investigate the effects of the thawed depth of the frozen soil profile on snowmelt waterflow erosion.The method was implemented on an alpine meadow soil slope at an altitude of 3700 m on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.The erosion experiments involved five thawed soil depths of 0,10,30(35),50,and 80(100)mm under two snowmelt waterflow rates(3 and 5 L/min).When the topsoil was fully frozen or shallow-thawed(≤10 mm),its hydrothermal and structural properties caused a significant lag in the initiation of runoff and delayed soil erosion in the initial stage.The runoff and sediment concentration curves for fully frozen and shallow-thawed soil showed two-stage patterns characteristic of a sediment supply limited in the early stage and subject to hydrodynamic-controlled processes in the later stage.However,this effect did not exist where the thawed soil depth was greater than 30 mm.The deep-thawed cases(≥30 mm)showed normal hydrograph and sedigraph patterns similar to those of the unfrozen soil.The findings of this study are important for understanding the erosion rates of partially thawed soil and for improving erosion simulations in cold regions.

关键词： Snowmelt waterflow erosion Hillslope erosion process Soil freeze and thaw Runoff generation In situ experimental method

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Xin'anjiang Nested Experimental Watershed(XAJ-NEW)for Understanding Multiscale Water Cycle:Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design

引用

Engineering 2022年第11期18卷 207-217页

作者： Ke Zhang Yunping Li Zhongbo Yu Tao Yang Junzeng Xu Lijun Chao Jin Ni Liutong Wang Yun Gao Yuzhong Hu Zuoding Lin State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China Bureau of Hydrology(Information Center)of Taihu Basin Authority Shanghai 200434China Bureau of Hydrology of Anhui Province Hefei 230022China Department of Hydrology Chinese Ministry of Water ResourcesBeijing 100053China

This paper presents the background,scientific objectives,experimental design,and preliminary achievements of the Xin’anjiang nested experimental watershed(XAJ-NEW),implemented in 2017 in eastern China,which has a subtropical humid monsoon climate and a total area of 2674 km2.The scientific objectives of the XAJ-NEW include building a comprehensive,multiscale,and nested hydrometeorological monitoring and experimental program,strengthening the observation of the water cycle,discovering the spatiotemporal scaling effects of hydrological processes,and revealing the mechanisms controlling Runoff generation and partitioning in a typical humid,hilly area.After two years of operation,preliminary results indicated scale-dependent variability in key hydrometeorological processes and variables such as precipitation,runoff,groundwater,and soil moisture.The effects of canopy interception and runoff partitioning between the surface and subsurface were also identified.Continuous operation of this program can further reveal the mechanisms controlling Runoff generation and partitioning,discover the spatiotemporal scaling effects of hydrological processes,and understand the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes.These findings provide new insights into understanding multi scale hydrological processes and their responses to meteorological forcings,improving model parameterization schemes,and enhancing weather and climate forecast skills.

关键词： Water cycle Runoff generation Hydrological processes Hydrological scaling Soil moisture Groundwater Canopy interception

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：