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Metabolic cost of level,uphill,and downhill running in highly cushioned shoes with carbon-fiber plates

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 303-308页

作者： Clarissa S.Whiting Wouter Hoogkamer Rodger Kram Locomotion Laboratory Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA Integrative Locomotion Lab Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Background:Compared to conventional racing shoes,Nike Vaporfly 4% running shoes reduce the metabolic cost of level treadmill running by4%.The reduction is attributed to their lightweight,highly compliant,and resilient midsole foam and a midsole-embedded curved carbon-fiber plate.We investigated whether these shoes also could reduce the metabolic cost of moderate uphill(+3°) and downhill(-3°) grades.We tested the null hypothesis that,compared to conventional racing shoes,highly cushioned shoes with carbon-fiber plates would impart the same ~4%metabolic power(W/kg) savings during uphill and downhill running as they do during level running.Methods:After familiarization,16 competitive male runners performed six 5-min trials(2 shoes × 3 grades) in 2 Nike marathon racing-shoe models(Streak 6 and Vaporfly 4%) on a level,uphill(+3°),and downhill(-3°) treadmill at 13 km/h(3.61 m/s).We measured submaximal oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production during Minutes 4-5 and calculated metabolic power(W/kg) for each shoe model and grade combination.Results:Compared to the conventional shoes(Streak 6),the metabolic power in the Vaporfly 4% shoes was 3.83%(level),2.82%(uphill),and2.70%(downhill)less(all p running was less compared to level running(p=0.04;effect size(ES)=0.561) but was not statistically different between downhill and level running(p=0.17;ES=0.356).Conclusion:On a running course with uphill and downhill sections,the metabolic savings and hence performance enhancement provided by Vaporfly 4% shoes would likely be slightly less overall,compared to the savings on a perfectly level race course.

关键词： Energetics Incline Locomotion Oxygen consumption running economy

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The effect of flutamide on the physical working capacity and activity of some of the key enzymes for the energy supply in adult rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第4期19卷 444-448页

作者： Katerina N Georgieva Penka A Angelova Fani D Gerginska Dora D Terzieva Mihaela S Shishmanova-Doseva Slavi D Delchev Valentine V Vasilev Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Plovdiv Plovdiv 4000 Bulgaria Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine Medical University of Plovdiv Plovdiv 4000 Bulgaria Department of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Plovdiv Plovdiv 4000 Bulgaria Department of Pharmacology and Drug Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Medical University of Plovdiv Plovdiv 4000 Bulgaria

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of androgen receptor antagonists on the physical working capacity and activity of some of the key muscle enzymes for the energy supply in rats. Young adult male Wistar rats were divided into two groups. One group received 15 mg kg-1 of flutamide daily for 6 days a week and the other group served as control for 8 weeks. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, all rats were subjected to submaximal running endurance （SRE）, maximum time to exhaustion （MTE）, and maximal sprinting speed （MSS） tests. At the end of the trial, maximum oxygen consumption （VO2max） test was performed and the levels of testosterone, erythrocytes, hemoglobin as well as enzyme activity of succinate dehydrogenase （SDH）, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, and NAD.H2-cytochrome-c reductase （NAD.H2） of the gastrocnemius muscle were measured. Serum testosterone of the flutamide-treated rats was higher than that of the controls, which verifies the effectiveness of the dose chosen. MTE and SRE of the anti-androgen-treated group were lower compared with the initial values. Flutamide treatment decreased the activity of SDH and NAD.H2 compared with the controls. We found no effect of the anti-androgen treatment on MSS, VO2max, running economy, LDH activity, and hematological variables. Our findings indicate that the maintenance of the submaximal and maximal running endurance as well as the activity of some of the key enzymes associated with muscle oxidative capacity is connected with androgen effects mediated by androgen receptors.

关键词： anti-androgen maximum oxygen consumption maximum time to exhaustion mitochondrial enzymes running economy submaximal running endurance

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